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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Incidence of the standardization of scientific journals in the transfer and evaluation of scientific information].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: I analyze the repercussions of standardization of scientific publications in general, and of journals in particular, on the processes of scientific information transfer, diffusion and evaluation. DEVELOPMENT: Standardization facilitates the work of all agents in the primary (authors, publishers and readers) and secondary communication systems (librarians, information scientifics). Compliance with standards influences the presence of journal in bibliographic databases and de quality of bibliometric studies. Standardization thus has repercussions in the evaluation of science.

Documentation↗
PubMed1998

From sequence to structure to literature: the protocol approach to bioinformation.

Until the recent advent of high-throughput experimental data-acquisition in biology, the computational analysis of the biological data was predominantly on an ad hoc basis--i.e., the application of a given piece of software on the biological data depended on the need of the moment. This "functional approach" often resulted in piecemeal computational analysis with large amount of intervening "dead-time". The present high-throughput availability of experimental biological data requires a more streamlined and integrated "protocol approach". In this work, we illustrate such a user-friendly protocol using a common question frequently faced by a wet-lab bench-biologist--"Now that I have a DNA or protein sequence, what can I do with it using a computer?" As phrased, this question is steeped in the functional approach. In contrast, the protocol approach would re-phrase the same question as "Now that I have a DNA or protein sequence, what can a computer do for me?" Our integrating tool can start with a sequence and build a substantial custom data-warehouse of computationally derived sequence information, structure information and relevant published literature, that is continually updated.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

[Volunteerism and the reorientation of health services].

UNLABELLED: Volunteers are increasingly viewed as health agents. This seems to be linked to the reorientation towards primary health care and the current reforms in the health services. Seen as a way of breaking down social and cultural barriers between the formal health care system and the client community it also claims to cut the cost of services. OBJECTIVE: To know the roles of volunteers in promoting health and the practical aspects of implementation and evaluation. DESIGN: This paper is based on a review of published and sentinel papers from the bibliographic databases, MEDLINE (1991-1995), ERIC (1982-1995) and ERIC INTERNATIONAL (1965-1995). We have also reviewed the IME (until 1997) and the Spanish journals in MEDLINE to know the Spanish context (from 1995-98). RESULTS: The practical experiences from developing countries, the USA and the UK were reviewed within the framework of health promotion. A wide variety of experiences exist. There is a striking difference between activities in these countries, depending of the health service provision. In developing countries the aim is to bring primary health care services to areas with few professional resources. In developed countries, however, experiences have developed in response to failings in the formal health care system, to facilitate illness prevention and health promotion. The settings are different but the process is the same, factors fundamental to performance have therefore been identified in: recruitment, training, monitoring, continuing support and evaluation. The impact on health improvements and the quality of services in both systems, developed and developing countries, seems to be positive. We haven't found too much details from the Spanish experience, then, it emphasizes the need to know abroad experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, the benefits and constraints derived from this type of voluntary action in the health field have been raised. Some specific social changes and health care system reforms contribute to establish volunteering in the health system, but we have to remark organization, coordination and community participation.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1998

Adverse effects associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The use of antidepressant medications and the resulting costs have increased dramatically in recent years, partly because of the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). An assessment of the clinical and economic aspects of SSRIs compared with the older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) was initiated to generate information for purchasers of these drugs as well as clinicians. One component of this study was an examination of the adverse effects associated with the use of these drugs. METHODS: Searches of bibliographic databases (for January 1980 through May 1996) and manual scanning of both peer-reviewed publications and other documents were used to identify double-blind, randomized controlled trials involving at least one SSRI and one TCA. For the study of adverse effects, only trials that had at least 20 patients in each trial arm and that reported rates of adverse effects in both arms were retained. In total 84 trials reporting on 18 adverse effects were available. Meta-analyses were undertaken to calculate pooled differences in rates of adverse effects. The question of whether the method of eliciting information from patients about adverse effects made a difference in the findings was also examined. Finally, differences in drop-out rates due to adverse effects were calculated. RESULTS: The crude rates of occurrence of adverse effects ranged from 4% (palpitations) to 26% (nausea) for SSRIs and from 4% (diarrhea) to 27% (dry mouth) for TCAs. The differences in the rates of adverse effects between the 2 types of drugs ranged from 14% more with SSRIs (for nausea) to 11% more with TCAs (for constipation). The results did not depend on the method of eliciting information from patients. There were no statistically significant differences between drug classes in terms of drop-outs due to adverse effects. INTERPRETATION: SSRIs and TCAs are both associated with adverse effects, although the key effects differ between the drug classes. Further explanation of the adverse effects and their relation to discontinuation of medication will require better studies involving prospective collection of quality-of-life data.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1999

Religious and spiritual case reports on MEDLINE: a systematic analysis of records from 1980 to 1996.

OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic analysis of case reports involving religious or spiritual issues published between 1980 and 1996. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, the National Library of Medicine's bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and the preclinical sciences. STUDY SELECTION: A search of 4,306,906 records indexed on MEDLINE from 1980 to 1996. DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 364 abstracts were found, then subjected to coding analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Categories were developed for (1) types of healthcare situations involving religious/spiritual issues, (2) religious and spiritual interventions, (3) collaboration between healthcare and religious professionals, (4) psychopathology and sensitivity themes, and (5) religious faith/spiritual path. Although all of these case reports involved religious and spiritual issues, only 45 (12%) explicitly mentioned a religious professional. Of these, only 8 (2%) indicated any collaboration between healthcare and religious professionals. CONCLUSIONS: A paucity of published case report literature exists on religious and spiritual issues (.008% of the MEDLINE records), indicating that the increasing acceptance of these factors by patients and healthcare professionals is not yet reflected in scientific and clinical journals. A need exists for more documented examples of collaboration between healthcare and religious professionals.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug compliance and the elderly: who is publishing, where, and when?

Population aging has occurred in a rather heterogeneous way worldwide. The increasing size of the elder age group highlights various health-related problems for the elderly. One such issue is non-compliance with drug prescriptions, a potential source of serious, even life-threatening problems for the patient. The authors have proposed to identify and rank countries that develop research on drug compliance among the elderly, relevant periodicals, and the frequency articles were published between January 1987 and December 1997. A descriptive study was carried out on the basis of a bibliographical review. Three databases were surveyed: MEDLINE, SOCIOFILE and LILACS. The sample included 440 articles, limited to the behavioral sphere. The number of periodicals recorded was 255, varying from one to tem articles. The number of articles published during the study period varied from 23 in 1987 to 49 in 1992, dropping to 29 in 1997. Frequency of the number of articles/year was erratic up to 1992, leveling off from 1993 on at more than double the baseline figure. The authors emphasize the need for developing multi-focused research worldwide.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Systematic reviews need systematic searchers.

PURPOSE: This paper will provide a description of the methods, skills, and knowledge of expert searchers working on systematic review teams. BRIEF DESCRIPTION: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are very important to health care practitioners, who need to keep abreast of the medical literature and make informed decisions. Searching is a critical part of conducting these systematic reviews, as errors made in the search process potentially result in a biased or otherwise incomplete evidence base for the review. Searches for systematic reviews need to be constructed to maximize recall and deal effectively with a number of potentially biasing factors. Librarians who conduct the searches for systematic reviews must be experts. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Expert searchers need to understand the specifics about data structure and functions of bibliographic and specialized databases, as well as the technical and methodological issues of searching. Search methodology must be based on research about retrieval practices, and it is vital that expert searchers keep informed about, advocate for, and, moreover, conduct research in information retrieval. Expert searchers are an important part of the systematic review team, crucial throughout the review process-from the development of the proposal and research question to publication.

Databases, Bibliographic↗