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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Dermatitis in hairdressers.

Occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers is a common clinical dermatologic problem. Apparently often secondary to irritant contact dermatitis caused by shampooing in Europe, in North America, allergic contact dermatitis related to the chemicals handled, especially oxidation dyes and permanent waving components, is not infrequently the problem. The preponderance of women in the clinical populations reported may well explain the relation noted between a positive patch-test response to nickel and the presence of contact dermatitis in hairdressers rather than nickel allergy predisposing to the disease. There is at present no convincing evidence for excluding persons with a medical or family history of atopy with the proviso that those with a history of hand eczema or atopic dermatitis would be wise to avoid the trade. Improved worker education about the cutaneous risks of the occupation and appropriate simple cutaneous industrial hygiene measures may offer some hope of modifying the risk of developing skin disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Basic and clinical aspects of atopic dermatitis.

The history of atopic dermatitis is replete with many disparate theories. The most enduring is the allergic causation theory but definitive, convincing evidence remains elusive. Elevated IgE synthesis is well established and reflects abnormal immune regulation. The basic mechanism for the regulatory defect remains conjectural. Cellular immune functions, including delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, in vitro lymphocyte transformation and chemotaxis are reduced in atopic dermatitis. However, these abnormalities fluctuate with the clinical condition and may be secondary phenomena. A number of physiologic and pharmacologic abnormalities in atopic dermatitis are not clearly understood. Recent studies of patients leukocytes have shown that the diminished cyclic AMP responses are a consequence of increased catabolism by elevated cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase. This high enzyme activity correlates well with elevated IgE synthesis and histamine release by cultured leukocytes. Both of these functions can be reduced by phosphodiesterase inhibitors in vitro. These new investigations provide fresh insight into the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and offer possible new therapeutic approaches. Basic studies of biochemical abnormalities may help define the defective molecular site that accounts for the many immune and physiologic abnormalities that have been described in atopic dermatitis and the other atopic conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Environmental dermatitis: changing patterns.

Patch tests in 1000 cases of contact allergic dermatitis observed between 1972 and 1978 are recorded in detail, and compared in general with patch tests in a previously recorded 1000 cases of contact allergic dermatitis between 1964 adn 1972. The routine use, since 1974, of patch tests as advised by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group has increased the detection of dermatitis caused by nickel, paraphenylene-diamine and related dyes, formaldehyde and perfumes (balsam of Peru), which indicates that aimed patch tests alone may be inadequate. The number of cases of dermatitis caused by antifungal agents and topical antihistamines decreased after Commonwealth and State legislation prohibiting their use was passed.

Allergens↗
PubMed1993

Fiberglass dermatitis: report of two cases.

Fiberglass is widely used for insulation and as a reinforcement filling material. Handling fiberglass products may induce contact dermatitis. We report on the first two cases of fiberglass dermatitis reported in Taiwan. The first patient suffered from a severe pruritic eruption two hours after repairing a roof with wave-form ceiling boards. Erythematous maculopapules were present on both hands and finger webs. The second patient was a quality controller of printed circuit boards (PRCBs). She presented with erythematous maculopapules on the face and excoriated papules and lichenified plaques on the trunk and forearms, which had been present for two years. Scrapings of the skin lesions from both patients showed fiberglass spicules of 7.5 to 8 microns in diameter. Similar fibers were detected in scrapings from the wave-form ceiling board and PRCB. Histopathology of the second case revealed spongiotic psoriasiform dermatitis. Patch tests in case 2 with the plastics and glues series, epoxy resin and scrapings from the PRCBs were all negative. Fiberglass dermatitis may be easily misdiagnosed. Clinically, it may resemble scabies, eczematous dermatitis, folliculitis, petechiae and urticaria. A high index of suspicion is essential for a correct diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Allergic and irritative textile dermatitis].

Textile dermatitis is only one example of adverse health effects due to clothing. It may present with a wide spectrum of clinical features, but the main mechanisms are irritant dermatitis, often observed in atopics intolerant to wool and synthetic fibers, and allergic contact dermatitis, usually caused by textile finishes and dyes. The newer azo dyes Disperse Blue 106 and 124 in particular are potent sensitizers that have caused significant problems, most recently in the form of "leggins dermatitis". Although severe textile dermatitis appears to be a rare event, more systematic population-based research is needed since many oligosymptomatic cases are probably overlooked. Criteria for healthy textiles are an optimum combination of efficacy (regulation of skin temperature and humidity and protection from environmental damage) and safety (lack of carcinogenicity, toxicity and allergenicity). If potentially allergenic substances are used in textiles, they should be declared as in the case of cosmetics.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1977

Abnormal vascular reactions in atopic dermatitis.

Vascular reactions to mechanical stroking, topical application of nicotinic acid ester, and methacholine chloride were examined in both the normal and abnormal skin of 100 patients with atopic dermatitis and 20 patients with allergic contact dermatitis. White dermographism, nicotinic acid blanching, and delayed blanch with methacholine consistently occurred in areas of skin with eczematous change of patients with atopic dermatitis and those with allergic contact dermatitis. Normal skin of atopic patients did not show the abnormal vascular reactions. It is suggested that white dermographism, nicotinic acid blanching, and delayed blanch with methacholine seen in atopic dermatitis are secondary phenomena that give no definite information concerning the diagnosis of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Patch test reactions to human dander in atopic dermatitis.

Patch tests reactions to human dander were positive in 120 of 181 (66%) patients with atopic dermatitis, in two of 28 (7%) patients with allergic contact dermatitis, and in one of 31 (3%) normal controls. The frequency of positive reactions was significantly higher in patients with atopic dermatitis. The reactions consisted of erythema and papules, which histologically showed an eczematous change at the upper parts of hair follicles. There was significant correlation between patch test reactions to human dander and delayed intradermal reactions to the same substance in atopic patients. It is suggested that certain patients with atopic dermatitis exhibit contact hypersensitivity to human dander. Whether or not the hypersensitivity has any relationship to the pathogenesis of the dermatitis was not determined in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Pustular dermatitis in veterinarians following delivery in farm animals; an occupational disease].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of contact dermatitis after deliveries in cattle or sheep among veterinarians. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Provinces of Groningen, Friesland, and Drenthe, The Netherlands. METHODS: By means of a short inquiry 310 veterinarians were asked whether and how often they had experienced pustular dermatitis after deliveries in cattle and sheep and what course the dermatitis had run. They were also asked about details of the deliveries (type of animal, condition of the foetus, course of the partus), about microbiological investigation, preventive measurements and therapy. RESULTS: The response to the questionnaires was 24.5%. One or more episodes of pustular dermatitis on an arm after a delivery in cattle or sheep was noticed by 62 (81.5%) of the 76 respondents. Sometimes it was associated with secondary symptoms like headache, fever and lymphadenitis. Listeria monocytogenes (7 times out of 13) and Salmonella dublin (4/13) were the agents cultured most often. CONCLUSION: Contact dermatitis after deliveries in cattle or sheep occurs frequently as an occupational disease of veterinarians.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Occupational hand dermatitis in a tertiary referral dermatology clinic in Taipei.

Occupational skin disease is one of the most common occupational diseases. The hand is the most frequent site of involvement in occupational skin disease. We interviewed and examined patients seen in the Contact Dermatitis Clinic of the National Taiwan University Medical Center, a tertiary referral center in Taipei City. For patients suspected of having allergic skin diseases, patch testing was carried out using the European standard series and suspected allergens. Occupational hand dermatitis (OHD) was diagnosed according to medical history, work exposure, physical examination, and patch test findings. 36% of patients seen were diagnosed as having OHD. Electronics, hairdressing, medical, chemical, and construction were the most important industries causing OHD. In the 164 patients with OHD, 58.5% had irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and 41.5% allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Dorsal fingers, nail folds, and dorsal hands were most frequently involved in patients with ACD; dorsal fingers, volar fingers and fingertips were most frequently involved in those with ICD. Using logistic regression analysis, we were able to identify the most important clinical presentations that predicted the types of OHD, ACD versus ICD. Patients with atopic history and palm involvement were more likely to have ICD, and those with nail fold involvement more likely to have ACD. In patients with ACD, the most important allergens were dichromate, nickel, cobalt, fragrance mix, epoxy resin, thiuram mix, and p-phenylenediamine. In this study, we identified the important industries and causal agents for OHD. Future preventive measures focused on these industries and agents to reduce OHD will be warranted.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1985

Dermatitis.

Dermatitis, the inflammatory response of the skin to various factors, may present in a variety of forms. Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, nummular eczema, seborrhea, and stasis dermatitis, conditions with which the patient may present to the emergency department, either in the acute stage or with exacerbation of a chronic condition, are reviewed in this article.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Induction of rosaceiform dermatitis during treatment of facial inflammatory dermatoses with tacrolimus ointment.

BACKGROUND: Tacrolimus ointment is increasingly used for anti-inflammatory treatment of sensitive areas such as the face, and recent observations indicate that the treatment is effective in steroid-aggravated rosacea and perioral dermatitis. We report on rosaceiform dermatitis as a complication of treatment with tacrolimus ointment. OBSERVATIONS: Six adult patients with inflammatory facial dermatoses were treated with tacrolimus ointment because of the ineffectiveness of standard treatments. Within 2 to 3 weeks of initially effective and well-tolerated treatment, 3 patients with a history of rosacea and 1 with a history of acne experienced sudden worsening with pustular rosaceiform lesions. Biopsy revealed an abundance of Demodex mites in 2 of these patients. In 1 patient with eyelid eczema, rosaceiform periocular dermatitis gradually appeared after 3 weeks of treatment. In 1 patient with atopic dermatitis, telangiectatic and papular rosacea insidiously appeared after 5 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest that the spectrum of rosaceiform dermatitis as a complication of treatment with tacrolimus ointment is heterogeneous. A variety of factors, such as vasoactive properties of tacrolimus, proliferation of Demodex due to local immunosuppression, and the occlusive properties of the ointment, may be involved in the observed phenomena. Future studies are needed to identify individual risk factors.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1994

Is allergic contact dermatitis being overlooked?

Contact dermatitis is very common and is among the top 20 reasons for a patient to visit a physician. This article reviews the basic features of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis and provides case examples. We emphasize the use of patch testing to diagnose specific allergens in allergic contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis is important to recognize since there are prevention and intervention strategies that may be of great help to the patient. Accurate diagnosis and prevention of contact dermatitis would have a positive impact on medical care costs and job productivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Dermatitis among automobile production machine operators exposed to metal-working fluids.

This cross-sectional study was designed to assess differences in prevalence of contact dermatitis between machine operators exposed to metal-working fluids (MWFs) and unexposed assemblers, and to assess potential risk factors for contact dermatitis among these machine operators. In their work, machine operators were exposed to either semisynthetic or soluble oil MWFs. We evaluated 158 machine operators and 51 assemblers from one large automobile transmission plant using questionnaires, dermatologist examination of the skin, and dermal dosimetry to measure wetness and metal exposures. We found that machine operators had more combined (definite plus possible) dermatitis (27.2% vs. 13.7%, chi(2) = 3.9, p = 0.05, 1 df) compared with assemblers. Among machine operators, risk factors significantly associated with (combined) dermatitis were subjective assessment of wetness of the work, exposure to semisynthetic as opposed to soluble oil MWF, current cigarette smoking, and increasing worker age. These risk factors suggested preventive and control measures including control of wet work, surveillance program including early self-report of dermatitis, consideration of replacement of semisynthetic with soluble oil MWFs, and strictly limiting smoking among machine operators exposed to MWFs.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Enhanced procoagulant activity of mononuclear leukocytes in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.

Fibrin deposition is an important histopathological feature of inflammatory skin lesions and is mediated in part, by procoagulants generated by mononuclear leucocytes (MNL). We examined whether MNL from patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis generate enhanced procoagulant activity (PCA). MNL isolated from the peripheral blood of 15 healthy control individuals, 15 patients with atopic dermatitis and 15 patients with psoriasis were incubated for 24 h in the presence or absence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MNL or the cell culture supernatants were then added to recalcified human plasma to determine the clotting time. We found that in both atopic dermatitis and psoriasis MNL cultured in the presence or absence of LPS expressed greatly enhanced PCA (p < 0.01 to < 0.002). Supernatants from MNL cultures from patients with psoriasis, but not those from patients with atopic dermatitis, also generated augmented PCA (p < 0.002). In psoriasis, PCA normalized after successful topical treatment with anthralin. We conclude that enhanced PCA is a characteristic feature of MNL in both atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. In psoriasis the enhanced PCA is directly related to disease activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Auto-oxidative damage in cement dermatitis.

Oxygen intermediates (OIs) generated by stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are known to induce auto-oxidative tissue damage at the site of inflammation. PMNs from five patients with severe and chronic cement dermatitis generated markedly increased levels of OIs. However, only a slight increase in OI generation by PMNs was observed in cement workers without cement dermatitis. Dapsone, which has recently been shown to decrease OI levels, was found to be clinically effective in the treatment of cement dermatitis in these five patients. After treatment, a significant decrease in OI generation was observed in all patients studied. In skin tissues from the cement workers without cement dermatitis, enhanced superoxide-dismutase (SOD) activities as well as increased OI generation by PMNs were noted. In spite of the greatly increased OI generation by PMNs, the SOD activities in the patients were comparable to those in healthy controls. These findings suggest that the severe skin manifestations in patients with cement dermatitis can partly be explained by a defective capacity for enhancing SOD activity which removes increased PMN-derived OIs and thus prevents subsequent tissue injury by OIs at the site of inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Electron microscopic studies in dermatitis herpetiformis in relation to the pattern of immune deposits in the skin.

Electron microscopic studies were made in 12 cases of dermatitis herpetiformis: 6 of them with a continuous immunofluorescence line of IgA deposits at the dermo-epidermal junction, and the other 6 with granular IgA deposits in the dermal papillae. Six cases of bullous pemphigoid with a continuous immunofluorescence line of IgG deposits at the dermo-epidermal junction were examined similarly for comparison. In dermatitis herpetiformis with the continuous IgA line the ultrastructural characteristics both of dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid were present, even when the histological and clinical features as well as response to sulphapyridine and sulphones were typical of dermatitis herpetiformis. The ultrastructural pattern was essentially the same as in the cases with clinical and histological characteristics of the mixed dermatitis herpetiformis-bullous pemphigoid form, although in the latter there was some predominance of the characteristics of bullous pemphigoid.

Dermatitis Herpetiformis↗
PubMed1996

Skin mast cell releasability in dogs with atopic dermatitis.

Isolated dermal mast cells from atopic dogs are a valuable tool for the analysis of their functional properties in atopic dermatitis. We have characterized the histamine secretory pattern of mast cells enzymatically dispersed from the skin of dogs naturally suffering from this condition. The total histamine content found per isolated skin mast cell was higher in the allergic dogs than in nonatopic (control) animals (8.7 pg/mast cell versus 5.2 pg/mast cell). This phenomenon together with the well known higher concentration of skin mast cell number in atopic dermatitis lesions might account for the observed increase in local histamine concentration (15.0 micrograms/g versus 9.0 micrograms/g). Atopic dog-derived mast cells were highly reactive to both non-immunological (ionophore A23187) and an immunological-like (concanavalin A) stimulus. Furthermore, histamine net release induced by concanavalin A (1 mg/ml) stimulation was clearly enhanced in the atopic dogs (33.3% net release versus 15.4% in controls). These results have not been described in dermal mast cells dispersed from the skin of individuals with atopic dermatitis and clearly support the hypothesis that mast cells play a major role in causing and possibly modulating atopic dermatitis, through enhanced sensitivity or releasability. However, whether these two phenomena are primary abnormalities of atopic dermatitis, or only secondary changes, remains undetermined.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Vitamin E ointment at high dose levels suppresses contact dermatitis in rats by stabilizing keratinocytes.

OBJECTIVE: The pharmacological effect of vitamin E ointment at high dose levels was investigated in rats and mice during the development of contact dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Allergic or irritant contact dermatitis was induced in sensitized or unsensitized animals by topical application of chemical agent(s). Cultured keratinocytes were prepared from dorsal skin of rats. RESULTS: The vitamin E ointment at 20-40% suppressed allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, exerting a comparable effect to that of 0.5% prednisolone ointment. Microscopic findings revealed that 20% vitamin E ointment reduced the keratinocyte damage, whereas 0.5% prednisolone was ineffective. The protective action of vitamin E on keratinocyte damage was also confirmed in a cell culture experiment. Furthermore, 20% vitamin E ointment blocked down-regulation of skin barrier function induced by contact dermatitis, although 0.5% prednisolone ointment was inactive. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that 20% vitamin E ointment suppresses contact dermatitis by stabilizing keratinocytes, concomitantly with novel, interesting properties.

Administration, Topical↗