Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cystitis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Polypoid and papillary cystitis mimicking a large transitional carcinoma in a patient without a history of catheterization: computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings.

The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of an unusual case of polypoid and papillary cystitis are described, in which the large size of the mass (5 cm) and no history of catheterization favored the diagnosis of transitional carcinoma before surgery. The MRI findings reflected the pathologic features of this cystitis, featuring edematous fibrovascular cores, which appeared as a central branching pattern of high signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging and with enhancement.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Interstitial cystitis and the gynecologist.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a predominantly female condition with the presenting symptoms of frequency of micturition and pain. The diagnosis is confirmed by bladder visualization at cystoscopy during filling, emptying, and redistension. The epidemiology, proposed etiologies, and current therapies for interstitial cystitis are discussed. The condition of IC is poorly understood and has no specific histological characteristics. However, there is much that can be offered to the IC sufferer to relieve or cure her symptoms. It is hoped that the recent decade of increasing research activity will be fruitful in answering questions of etiology and pathogenesis, and offering hope for new therapies and ultimately cure.

Cystitis, Interstitial↗
PubMed1999

Short-term therapy of acute uncomplicated cystitis.

Short-term therapy, including single-dose treatment and up to 3-day courses, can be considered the treatment of choice in premenopausal women with acute uncomplicated cystitis, because of similar effectiveness, better tolerance and compliance, and lower cost as compared with conventional therapy. Several studies with trimethoprim alone or in combination with a sulfonamide, usually sulphamethoxazole, and with fluoroquinolones with moderately long half-lives, such as ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin and ofloxacin, suggested that results obtained with a single dose may be inferior to those with a 3-day course, and therefore that the latter may be better. Longer therapy was not considered to be necessary. On the other hand, fluoroquinolones with longer half-lives, such as fleroxacin, pefloxacin and rufloxacin, as single-dose therapy may be as effective as other standard regimens. Fosfomycin trometamol may also be suitable for single-dose therapy. Agents that have not been shown effective in any of these short-term regimens should no longer be used for the treatment of acute cystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Non-bacterial cystitis.

The concept of non-bacterial cystitis (NBC) combines sterile urine and cystitic symptoms as well as inflammatory changes, in particular in the mucosa and submucosa of the bladder. It includes a multiplicity of vicious circles along the entire continence reflex. An understanding of NBC presupposes knowledge of the origin of the normal urinary urge and its successful control. Against the background of the steadily increasing incidence of interstitial cystitis (often irreversible end-stage NBC), it is suggested here that in the face of a failure of first-line therapeutics (anticholinergics, cyclic antidepressants or oestrogens), one must consider without delay the possible presence of NBC.

Cystitis↗
PubMed2004

Recurrent eosinophilic cystitis in a child with chronic granulomatous disease.

Eosinophilic cystitis is an uncommon disease in children, and its association with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) has been previously reported in only five patients. In all those patients the disease showed either a self-limited benign course or a rapid response to corticosteroid treatment. The authors describe a child with X-linked CGD who developed eosinophilic cystitis with a recurrent course and difficult therapeutic management. The authors also discuss the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in CGD and review the literature for current therapies for these complications.

Cyclosporine↗
PubMed2003

Characterization of cyclophosphamide cystitis, a model of visceral and referred pain, in the mouse: species and strain differences.

PURPOSE: Existing animal models of visceral pain in the mouse are of limited practical usefulness since they are labor intensive or not visceral specific. Recently a rat model of cyclophosphamide (CP) cystitis was developed that requires only intraperitoneal injection and features inflammation confined to the bladder. We adapted this model for use in multiple mouse strains to investigate the genetic basis of variability in visceral nociception. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Outbred CD-1 mice and 12 inbred mouse strains were tested for behavioral changes induced by CP (0 to 300 mg/kg intraperitoneally). RESULTS: We noted that despite the absence of postural changes or abdominal crises in CD-1 mice, CP produced dose dependent decreases in voluntary locomotor activity unaccompanied by ataxia measured on the rotarod test; referred hyperalgesia of the tail base region but not of the hind paw, which was inhibited in dose dependent fashion by morphine (0 to 20 mg/kg); and bladder inflammation corresponding to these behavioral indices. Furthermore, the extent of hypolocomotion was genotype dependent across 12 inbred strains. CONCLUSIONS: The simple and automatable nature of CP cystitis using hypolocomotion as a dependent measure renders it an attractive model in which to investigate the genetic and physiological bases of visceral pain. Comparison of strain sensitivity to CP induced hypolocomotion with other nociceptive assays suggests that genes specific to visceral nociception may exist.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Small adrenal glands in cats with feline interstitial cystitis.

PURPOSE: We documented the uncoupling of sympathetic nervous system activity from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in cats with feline interstitial cystitis (FIC). Altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity was recently suggested in some humans with interstitial cystitis (IC) but to our knowledge no information exists on adrenal gland size and histopathology in this disease. To investigate further adrenal function in cats with FIC we determined cortisol responses to 125 microg synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) as well as adrenal size and histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ACTH stimulation studies were performed in 11 healthy cats and 20 with FIC. Adrenal glands obtained at autopsy in 8 healthy cats and 13 with FIC were weighed, measured and examined histologically. RESULTS: Cats with FIC had significantly decreased responses to ACTH (2-way repeated measures ANOVA p <0.05). Mean weight +/- SD (58 +/- 50 vs 241 +/- 60 mg) and volume (264 +/- 72 vs 410 +/- 115 mm3) of adrenal glands were significantly smaller in cats with FIC than in healthy cats (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cats with FIC may have mild primary adrenal insufficiency. Decreased adrenal size has been observed in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, which can be a co-morbid condition in some patients with IC. If these abnormalities are confirmed in humans with IC, hormone replacement therapy may be indicated in select patients.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2005

Up-regulation of protease activated receptors in bladder after cyclophosphamide induced cystitis and colocalization with capsaicin receptor (VR1) in bladder nerve fibers.

PURPOSE: Studies suggest that protease activated receptors (PARs) are mediators of inflammation and repair. Studies suggest a neurogenic mechanism for PAR2 in inflammation and the fact that interaction between PAR2 and transient receptor vanilloid receptor (TRPV1 or VR1) are important for the induction and maintenance of inflammatory pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the expression of PAR2 to 4 in bladder urothelium and detrusor muscle whole mounts in controls, female rats and those treated with cyclophosphamide (CYP) acutely (4 and 48 hours) or chronically (every third day for 10 days) using Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques. Colocalization of PARs in nerve fibers and VR1 immunoreactive nerve fibers was determined by double labeling techniques for protein gene product and capsaicin receptor (VR1). RESULTS: Western blot revealed up-regulation (1.5 to 9.4-fold) of PAR2 to 4 in bladder after cystitis. Immunohistochemistry revealed PAR2 to 4 expression in urothelial and detrusor muscle cells, and in nerve fibers in the subepithelial bladder layer. Confocal microscopy revealed colocalization of PAR2 to 4 with protein gene product 9.5 and VR1, suggesting that PARs are distributed in C-fiber bladder nerves. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that 1) CYP induced cystitis up-regulates PAR2 to 4 expression in the bladder, 2) PAR2 to 4 is expressed in urothelium, detrusor muscle and bladder nerve fibers in control and CYP treated rats, and 3) bladder C-fibers and bladder afferent cells in dorsal root ganglia express PAR2 to 4. These results suggest the involvement of PARs in bladder inflammation that contributes to altered sensory processing and reflex function.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Nitric oxide as an objective marker for evaluation of treatment response in patients with classic interstitial cystitis.

UNLABELLED: Nitric oxide (NO) has previously been shown to be a marker for inflammatory disorders in the bladder. We investigated if the measurement of NO can be used to evaluate the treatment response in classic interstitial cystitis (IC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 15 patients diagnosed with classic IC were included. The patients were treated with oral prednisolone for 8 weeks. We evaluated patient symptoms/problems with the IC index, and we measured NO formation in the bladder. RESULTS: Seven patients were classified as responders with a 4 point or more decrease in symptom score after 8 weeks of treatment. In this group the mean symptom score was +/- SEM decreased from 15 +/- 1 to 7 +/- 2 at the end of therapy (p <0.05). The problem score was also significantly reduced. Responders showed a clear decrease in bladder NO. The 8 nonresponders did not show any improvement in symptom/problem score and there was no change in bladder NO during steroid treatment. Furthermore, the study showed a statistically significant correlation between changes in symptom/problem score and changes in luminal bladder NO in each patient. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that NO can be used not only to measure inflammation in patients with IC, but also to evaluate objectively the treatment response in individuals. This makes NO formation a useful marker in the assessment of classic interstitial cystitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Altered inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in the bladder of cats with feline interstitial cystitis.

PURPOSE: Alterations in nitric oxide (NO) levels have been demonstrated in some humans with interstitial cystitis (IC) as well as in chemically induced animal models of cystitis. Thus, in the current study we investigated whether inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mediated NO production is altered in the bladder of cats with a naturally occurring model of IC termed feline IC (FIC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined iNOS expression using Western immunoblotting and baseline NO production using an NO microsensor from smooth muscle and mucosal bladder strips in 9 healthy cats and 6 diagnosed with FIC. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in baseline NO production in cats with FIC compared with that in healthy cats in smooth muscle and mucosal strips. This production was not ablated in the absence of extracellular Ca (100 microM egtazic acid) or following incubation with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoroperazine (20 microM), indicating iNOS mediated Ca independent NO production. Release was significantly decreased following incubation with the NOS antagonist L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) (100 microM). Furthermore, immunoblotting revealed a trend toward increased iNOS expression in smooth muscle and mucosal strips from FIC cats but not from healthy cats. CONCLUSIONS: In light of previous findings that the barrier property of the urothelial surface is disrupted in FIC and iNOS mediated increase in NO alters barrier function in other types of epithelium our findings suggest that iNOS dependent NO production may have a role in epithelial barrier dysfunction in FIC.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence and incidence of interstitial cystitis in a managed care population.

PURPOSE: We calculated the prevalence and incidence of physician diagnosed interstitial cystitis (IC) in men and women in a managed care population in the Pacific Northwest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computer search of the Kaiser Permanente Northwest (Portland, Oregon) database was performed for January 1998 to May 2002. The prevalence of IC in patients 25 to 80 years old was calculated using the 4 definitions of 1) patients assigned a diagnosis of IC, 2) patients assigned a diagnosis of IC without any of the consensus IC exclusion criteria, 3) patients who had also had undergone cystoscopy and 4) patients who had specifically undergone cystoscopy with hydrodistention for IC. A second database search was performed 1 year later (May 2003) to identify incident cases of IC. RESULTS: The prevalence of IC was 197 per 100,000 women and 41 per 100,000 men for definition 1, 158 per 100,000 women and 28 per 100,000 men for definition 2, 99 per 100,000 women and 19 per 100,000 men for definition 3, and 45 per 100,000 women and 8 per 100,000 men for definition 4. Using definition 2 the 1-year incidence of IC was 21 per 100,000 women and 4 per 100,000 men. The female-to-male ratio for each estimate was 5:1. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and incidence of interstitial cystitis is significantly higher for women and men than previously published estimates. Men account for a higher proportion of patients with IC than has previously been recognized.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Decrease in bladder overactivity with REN1820 in rats with cyclophosphamide induced cystitis.

PURPOSE: Studies suggest that nerve growth factor (NGF) contributes to bladder overactivity stemming from bladder inflammation. Studies were performed to determine the NGF dependence of cyclophosphamide (CYP) induced changes in bladder function using the recombinant NGF sequestering protein REN1820. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urodynamic testing and behavioral observations were made in female rats treated with CYP (4 or 48 hours) and REN1820 or vehicle. RESULTS: Rats examined 4 or 48 hours after CYP treatment plus REN1820 showed significantly fewer nonvoiding contractions with smaller amplitude (p </=0.01). Rats examined 48 hours after CYP treatment plus REN1820 showed decreased voiding frequency (p </=0.01). No changes in filling, threshold or micturition pressure were observed with REN1820 treatment. Rats treated with CYP plus REN1820 showed greater mobility and normal resting postures compared with rats treated with CYP plus vehicle. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that the use of the NGF sequestering protein REN1820 in rats with CYP induced cystitis decreases bladder overactivity. This is characterized by 1) a decrease in the number and amplitude of nonvoiding contractions and 2) decreased voiding frequency. Rats treated with REN1820 showed greater mobility and normal resting postures, which may reflect improved overall health or well-being. REN1820 may prove to be a novel therapeutic in individuals with the chronic inflammatory bladder syndrome interstitial cystitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of patients with Painful Bladder Syndrome/interstitial cystitis.

This review looks into the evaluation of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC). Interstitial cystitis is not easy to define. There is a lot of activity in this domain and a great international effort is made to get to a generally accepted definition and standardised protocols for diagnosis and treatment. We have not reached this point so far. The diagnosis is still one of exclusion but search for specific markers may change this. Till then other conditions have to be looked for and the list of these is not short. A primary evaluation with history taking, symptom scores, clinical investigations, urine test can guide the physician to further testing. Urodynamic tests, cystoscopy and hydrodistension, biopsies and pathologic evaluation are in the process of finding a place in the diagnostic tree. The potassium test seems useful for the evaluation of bladder permeability but is not specific for IC alone. Studies on reevaluation in patients with IC show that primary misdiagnosis happens in a number of them. This is an extra motivation to continue the work towards standardization of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Cystitis, Interstitial↗
PubMed1992

Establishment of a mouse model of cystitis and roles of type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli in its pathogenesis.

The role of type 1 fimbriae in promoting bladder colonization and the course of Escherichia coli cystitis were examined with type 1 fimbriated strains of clinically isolated E. coli. In the experiments of mice in vivo, intact bladder epithelium showed natural resistance to the adherence of type 1 fimbriated and non-fimbriated E. coli. However, the exfoliation of bladder superficial cells by trypsinization before the bacterial inoculation promoted the adhesion and colonization of type 1 fimbriated E. coli onto bladder epithelium. After colonization of E. coli, maximum numbers of E. coli and leukocytes were observed 3 days after inoculation. Nine days after inoculation, both of E. coli and leukocytes disappeared and the regeneration of superficial cells was observed. On the other hand, superficial cells in mice injected with phosphate-buffered saline or non-fimbriated E. coli regenerated 5 days after trypsinization. The present study demonstrated that the removal of superficial cells is essential for the adhesion and colonization of type 1 fimbriated E. coli onto bladder epithelium in vivo and a new model of E. coli cystitis in mice was established. The model which we established is valuable for histopathological, immunological, and therapeutic studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita associated with vesicular cystitis.

A 55-year-old woman with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) who had associated vesicular cystitis is described. The clinical, histological and immunohistological features of the skin and mucous membranes were in accordance with previous reports of this disease. The patient also had symptoms of cystitis, and a cystoscopic examination showed areas of erosions and vesicles in the wall of the urinary bladder. Histological and immunopathological studies of the urinary bladder demonstrated sub-mucosal vesicles, and linear deposits of IgG and C3 along the mucosal-lamina propria junction. These bladder changes may be induced by the autoantibodies present in EBA.

Cystitis↗
PubMed1986

Connective tissue stroma in bladder papillary transitional cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ and benign cystitis.

The stromal characteristics in papillary and non-papillary tumours of the urinary bladder were investigated in an attempt to improve the accuracy of histopathological diagnosis. It appeared to be possible to differentiate true papillary tumours from pseudopapillary structures lined by carcinoma in situ. Stromal differences were not found in cases of carcinoma in situ accompanied by denuding cystitis and cystitis due to other aetiological factors. It is concluded that histopathological examination of the stroma of bladder tumours improves diagnostic accuracy.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed2006

Severe eosinophilic cystitis in a woman with anorexia nervosa.

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disorder. It is considered to be self limiting necessitating only supportive therapy. Surgical intervention is unusual. We report here an association between eosinophilic cystitis and anorexia nervosa in an adult woman requiring radical surgery for progressive relentless disease. Estrogen deficiency associated with a possible allergic etiology could explain this association.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cystitis cystica: characteristics of the disease in children.

Cystitis cystica was found at cystoscopy in 157 children between the ages of 9 1/2 months and 14 years. Girls were affected much more often than boys, the proportion being 153 to 4. Urinary infection, most commonly caused by E. coli, was almost invariable. Urinary tract anomalies, in particular vesico-ureteric reflux, were frequently present. Histologically, the cysts were composed of submucous aggregations of lymphoid tissue. Cystitis cystica affecting the ureteric orifices may contribute to the occurence of reflux and involvement of the bladder neck may produce some degree of vesical outlet obstruction.

Adolescent↗