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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Acetabular component centralization in total hip arthroplasty for acetabular dysplasia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correct localization of the acetabular component, surgical technique and the outcome in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for acetabular dysplasia with secondary osteoarthritis. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of 44 hips (38 patients) that had had a total hip arthroplasty for acetabular dysplasia with secondary osteoarthritis from September.1989 to April. 2003. 14 were male (one bilateral) and 24 patients were female (5 bilateral). The mean duration of clinical and roentgenographic follow-up was thirty-six months (range, eight to one hundred and sixty-eight months), and the mean age of the patients was fifty-one years (range, twenty-nine to eighty years). Twelve hips were classified as type I; twenty-four as type II; seven as type III; and one as type IV, according to the criteria of Crowe. The horizontal location of the center of the hip (the distance along the interior drop line extending lateral or medial from the inferior point of the teardrop to the perpendicular line dropped from the center of the femoral head) was measured. RESULTS: There were 24 acetabular components that were placed in the centralized position and the other 20 in no deepen placement post-operatively. At the most recent follow-up, the mean Harris hip score was 90.2, 86.3 for the centralized position and the undeepen placement hips respectively, there was a significant difference between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In order to obtain the stability of acetabular component, deepen acetabular reaming is necessary for the most acetabular dysplasia in THA. In this way the anatomical rotational center can be obtained medially and lowly. The excellent long-term function will be maintained.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1992

Subcutaneous approach to forehead, brow, and modified temple incision.

Placing the incision at the hairline or just posterior to the boundary of the hair, with subcutaneous elevation of the flaps, is a more effective way to correct the aging upper face, whether it be "crow's feet," excess forehead skin, or eyebrow ptosis. Furthermore, by placing the facial rhytidectomy incision at the sideburn boundary caudally and anteriorly, the sideburn can be preserved, regardless of the amount of skin removed. Patient selection and procedure have been described. Patients who are candidates for this type of surgery include those who have a long forehead, a short forehead, deep wrinkles, or thinner skin, as well as patients with deep frown lines and hyperactive corrugator muscles. The scars are generally minimal but can be camouflaged in one of many ways if they are visible. The most effective method is medical-grade tattooing. There are many advantages to the technique, the most important of which is control of forehead length and preservation of sensory and motor nerves. The results are far superior to most other available techniques in properly selected cases. In today's world of aesthetic surgery finesse, those who have expertise with a variety of approaches are more equipped to best serve the patients, and the techniques described here should be part of the aesthetic surgery armamentarium.

Female↗
PubMed2005

[Total hip arthroplasty for patients with osteoarthritis secondary to hip developmental dysplasia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methods of restoring normal level of rotation center of the hip and limb length in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) using total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: From January 2000 to January 2003, total hip arthroplasties were performed for 21 patients (26 hips) with OA secondary to DDH. There were 19 females and 2 males with an average age of 51 years (range from 40 to 66 years). Based on radiographic classification of Crowe, there were 12 in type I, 5 in type II, 2 in type III and IV respectively. In addition to the standard procedure of THA, the methods of restoring normal level of rotating center of the hip included structural bone autografting and medialization of the cup. The methods of limb length restoration included carefully preoperative planning and intraoperative soft tissue release. During the follow-up period at 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively and then annually thereafter, rotation center of the hip and limb length were assessed radiographically. Harris score system (HSS) was used for clinical evaluation. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up for a mean time of 26.4 months (range from 12 to 48 months). All the patients had restoration of the normal level of rotation center of the hip. At the latest follow-up, Harris score was improved from preoperative 35 points (range from 12 to 68 points) to postoperative 94 points (range from 74 to 100 points). CONCLUSION: In addition to standard procedure, the restoration of normal level of rotation center of the hip could be achieved by structural bone autografting and medialization of the cup in THA for patients with DDH. Careful preoperative planning and intraoperative soft tissue release could restore limb length.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The varying shape of the coronoid process of the mandible.

The coronoid process (meaning crow) is a flattened triangular bony process of the ramus of the mandible. It is usually directed upwards and slightly forwards in the living subject. The coronoid process is of clinical significance to the maxillofacial surgeon for reconstructive purposes. Several authors have described the varying shapes of the process. In the present study, the variable shape and surface area of the coronoid process were observed in a collection of 154 south Indian mandibles. Using the criterion proposed by Isaac and Holla (2001), the coronoid process of each side was inspected for the shape and direction, and surface area of the ramus and the coronoid process was also calculated. The shape of the coronoid process was bilaterally triangular in 16.2%, hook-shaped in 45.5%, rounded in 18.2% rounded and hook-shaped in 4.5%, and unilaterally triangular in 12.3%, hook-shaped in 11.7%, and rounded in 7.1% of the mandibles. The coronoid processes faced directly upward in 55.4%, forward in 40.7% and backward in 3.8% of the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

If all ambulances could fly: putting provincial standards of emergency care access to the test in Northern British Columbia.

INTRODUCTION: Geographic access to emergency treatment remains an important public policy concern as rural emergency medical systems respond to various pressures to centralize services. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are effective tools to determine what proportion of a given population is adequately served by existing or proposed service distributions. METHODS: This study compares 2 GIS approaches to determining whether recent standards of emergency care access established by the British Columbia Ministry of Health Services are being met in Northern British Columbia. In particular, we compare results obtained using the more commonly used straight-line, or "as the crow flies," method with those obtained using a more sophisticated method that estimates travel time using digitally referenced road network data. RESULTS: Both methods reveal that provincial standards of emergency access are not being met in Northern British Columbia. CONCLUSION: In terms of comparing the 2 approaches, the network technique indicated a lower level of access and was more accurate in identifying populations residing inside and outside the "golden hour" of emergency care.

Air Ambulances↗
PubMed2005

[Analysis of reproductive parameters of urban and rural population of Chuvashia].

Genetic and demographic characteristics for urban and rural population of the Chuvash Republic (Chuvashes and Russians) were calculated based on 1122 questionnaires. The sibship sizes for Chuvashes were 2.05 (urban) and 2.78 (rural). For Russians these indices were 1.75 (urban) and 2.00 (rural), respectively. Crow's index and its components were I(m) = 0.04; I(f) = 0.18; and I(tot) = 0.22 for urban, and I(m) = 0.07; I(f) = 0.27; and I(tot) = 0.36 for rural Chuvashes, respectively; and I(m) = 0.04; I(f) = 0.30; and I(tot) = 0.36 for urban, and I(m) = 0.03; I(f) = 0.29; and I(tot) = 0.33 for rural Russians, respectively.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of dengue virus in Aedes mosquitoes during dry season by semi-nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (semi-nested RT-PCR).

Dengue hemorrhagic fever remains a major health concern in Thailand. Much effort has focused on the prevention and control of the disease. Detection of dengue virus infection rate in mosquitoes would evaluate dengue control programs and predict the epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever. To determine dengue virus infection rate in mosquitoes by Semi-nested RT-PCR. A total of 400 mosquitoes were collected from Rom Kao Community representing a crowded community and another 9 non-crowded communities in Bangkok. Mosquitoes were then divided into 40 pools, each contained 10 mosquitoes. A total of 391 Aedes aegypti and 9 Aedes albopictus were screened for dengue virus. The mosquito infection rate in the Rom Klao community was 5% of the mosquito pool equal to that found in non-crowded communities. Both groups were found to have dengue virus serotype 3. The present study suggests a circulation of dengue virus serotype 3 in both crowded and non-crowed communities, the infection rates of which are indifferent during the dry season.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Catheter specimens of urine: an audit of practice.

Catheterisation is an established procedure and is usually performed by nurses (Bissett, 2005). According to Crow et al (1988) 10-12 per cent of hospital patients have an indwelling urinary catheter for short- to medium-term use (up to 28 days). Up to 80 per cent of urine infections (bacteriuria) are associated with the use of indwelling urinary catheters (Pinkerman, 1994; DoH, 2003).

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed2005

[West Nile fever].

West Nile virus was first detected in North America in 1999 and has spread throughout the United States and Canada and into Mexico and the Caribbean. The cases of encephalitis in New York were diagnosed as Saint Louis encephalitis which was endemic in the North America. However, dead crows and dead flamingo were found around the same time in New York. American birds seldom die by Saint Louis encephalitis virus infection. According to viral isolation and sequencing of the genome, the causative agent of unknown encephalitis was West Nile virus which was a member of Flaviviridae which cause fever, meningitis and encephalitis. West Nile virus is still active in North America in summer season, 1999 -2005. CDC enlightens people how to protect themselves and their community from West Nile virus. There are some reports that West Nile viral infections were occurred by blood transfusion, biologic products from blood and organ transfusion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The study of tool use as the way for general estimation of cognitive abilities in animals].

Investigation of tool use is an effective way to determine cognitive abilities of animals. This approach raises hypotheses, which delineate limits of animal's competence in understanding of objects properties and interrelations and the influence of individual and social experience on their behaviour. On the basis of brief review of different models of manipulation with objects and tools manufacturing (detaching, subtracting and reshaping) by various animals (from elephants to ants) in natural conditions the experimental data concerning tool usage was considered. Tool behaviour of anumals could be observed rarely and its distribution among different taxons is rather odd. Recent studies have revealed that some species (for instance, bonobos and tamarins) which didn't manipulate tools in wild life appears to be an advanced tool users and even manufacturers in laboratory. Experimental studies of animals tool use include investigation of their ability to use objects physical properties, to categorize objects involved in tool activity by its functional properties, to take forces affecting objects into account, as well as their capacity of planning their actions. The crucial question is whether animals can abstract general principles of relations between objects regardless of the exact circumstances, or they develop specific associations between concerete things and situations. Effectiveness of laboratory methods is estimated in the review basing on comparative studies of tool behaviour, such as "support problem", "stick problem", "tube- and tube-trap problem", and "reserve tube problem". Levels of social learning, the role of imprinting, and species-specific predisposition to formation of specific domains are discussed. Experimental investigation of tool use allows estimation of the individuals' intelligence in populations. A hypothesis suggesting that strong predisposition to formation of specific associations can serve as a driving force and at the same time as obstacle to animals' activity is discussed. In several "technically gifted" species (such as woodpecker finches, New Caledonian crows, and chimpanzees) tool use seems to be guided by a rapid process of trial and error learning. Individuals that are predisposed to learn specific connections do this too quickly and thus become enslaved by stereotypic solutions of raising problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What more can we learn from muscle histopathology in children with dermatomyositis/polymyositis?

OBJECTIVE: To correlate disease course and complications in children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and polymyositis (JPM) with specific features of muscle pathology on biopsy. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of 59 children diagnosed with JDM or JPM between 1965 and 1998 and followed at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) for a mean duration of 7.3 years (range 1.1-24.5 years). Disease course was characterized as limited, chronic non-ulcerative or chronic ulcerative, similar to previously defined disease course subtypes reported by Crowe et al.(1). All subjects had diagnostic muscle biopsies performed at CCHMC and had disease for at least two years' duration in order to classify their disease course as either limited or chronic. Features of muscle histopathology that were evaluated included loss of the intramuscular capillary bed, infarct, perifascicular myopathy, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) staining of the intramuscular vasculature and specifically, the locale of DIF staining, i.e., small arteries or capillaries. Disease complications that were assessed included calcinosis, contractures, muscle atrophy, lipodystrophy, gastrointestinal ulceration, cutaneous ulceration and death. Data analysis was completed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: Twenty-two children (37%) had limited disease, 24 (41%) had chronic non-ulcerative disease and 13 (22%) had chronic ulcerative disease. Neither loss of the intramuscular capillary bed nor perifascicular myopathy on muscle biopsy significantly correlated with disease course or the various complications evaluated in this study. DIF staining of intramuscular vessels overall was not significantly associated with clinical disease course, but the localization of DIF staining to intramuscular arteries (rather than to capillaries) was significantly associated with the outcome of chronic ulcerative disease. Nine of the 13 children with chronic ulcerative disease had DIF-arterial staining on muscle biopsy (69%), significantly greater than DIF-arterial staining in children with limited disease (32% had DIF-arterial staining) (p = 0.04), chronic non-ulcerative disease (8% had DIF-arterial staining) (p = 0.0002), and non-ulcerative disease overall (limited + chronic non-ulcerative disease groups combined) (20% had DIF-arterial staining), with p = 0.001. Additionally, lack of DIF-arterial staining on biopsy was significantly correlated with patients not having gastrointestinal ulceration (p = 0.002), cutaneous ulceration (p = 0.004) and/or death (p = 0.02) as disease-related complications. Infarct on muscle biopsy was significantly associated with the development of chronic ulcerative disease (p = 0.02), being present on biopsy in 23% of children with chronic ulcerative disease compared with none of the patients with chronic non-ulcerative disease and 4% of those with limited disease. Infarct on muscle biopsy correlated with the outcomes of death (p = 0.01) and gastrointestinal ulceration (p = 0.03), but not with the development of cutaneous ulceration (p = 0.18). CONCLUSION: DIF-arterial staining and infarct on muscle biopsy are significantly associated with the development of chronic ulcerative disease in JDM and JPM, while perifascicular myopathy and loss of the intramuscular capillary network are not associated with disease course. The presence of DIF-arterial staining and infarct on biopsy should suggest early use of second-line therapeutic agents to more quickly bring disease activity under control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Detection and isolation of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A viruses from blow flies collected in the vicinity of an infected poultry farm in Kyoto, Japan, 2004.

During the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza that occurred in Tamba Town, Kyoto Prefecture in 2004, a total of 926 flies were collected from six sites within a radius of 2.3 km from the poultry farm. The H5 influenza A virus genes were detected from the intestinal organs, crop, and gut of the two blow fly species, Calliphora nigribarbis and Aldrichina grahami, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the matrix protein (M) and hemagglutinin (HA) genes. The HA gene encoding multiple basic amino acids at the HA cleavage site indicated that this virus is a highly pathogenic strain. Based on the full-length sequences of the M, HA, and neuraminidase (NA) segments of virus isolates through embryonated chicken eggs, the virus from C. nigribarbis (A/blow fly/Kyoto/93/2004) was characterized as H5N1 subtype influenza A virus and shown to have > 99.9% identities in all three RNA segments to a strain from chickens (A/chicken/Kyoto/3/2004) and crows (A/crows/Kyoto/53/2004) derived during this outbreak period in Kyoto in 2004. Our results suggest it is possible that blow flies could become a mechanical transmitter of H5N1 influenza virus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in bird excreta.

We evaluated 14 samples of bird excreta from pigeons, parrots, open billed storks and crows obtained from thirteen places in Bangkok and nearby areas between April and July 2004. These bird excreta were examined for Cryptococcus neoformans by direct plating method to inspect their ability to grow at 37 degrees C. Capsule production was examined by Indian ink preparation. They were also tested for urease and phenoloxidase enzymes. Cryptococcus neoformans var neoformans was recovered from pigeon excreta in 9.09%. This implies those having impaired immunity may get this fungus from the environment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Familial forms of schizophrenia. Cytogenetic study].

As a preliminary step in the search for chromosomal location of a susceptibility gene predisposing to schizophrenia, cytogenetic screening of patients might be useful. Search for chromosomal aberrations has successfully directed and accelerated the identification of several disease genes, such as the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene, retinoblastoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and chronic myeloïd leukemia. Although karyotypes abnormalities do not account for a large portion of cases of Schizophrenia, the two candidate regions predisposing to this disease resulted from observation of chromosomal abnormalities. First, the identification of a partial trisomy of the 5q11-q13 region (Basset et al., 1988) led Sherrington et al. (1988) to report a positive linkage with markers localized on the long arm of chromosome 5, which has not yet been replicated (Kauffman et al., 1989; Kennedy et al., 1988; St Clair et al., 1989). Second, on the basis of frequent cytogenetic abnormalities of the sex chromosome (DeLisi, 1985) in addition to epidemiological observations, Crow (1988) suggested that there could be a locus for psychosis within the pseudoautosomal region, a data which has been recently confirmed (Collinge et al., 1991). With the hypothesis that such aberrations could be more frequent among schizophrenics who have at least one affected first-degree relative, we undertook cytogenetic screening on a sample recruited from consecutive psychiatric admissions to a Psychiatric facility (Hôpital Saint Paul) involving patients living in a limited geographical area on the island of La Réunion, a French Department in the Indian Ocean.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1991

[Influence of urbanization level on the lethal load and on the intensity of natural selection in the Turkmen population].

Dynamics of genetic load in aboriginal population of the Turkmen SSR was studied using two approaches to calculate "lethal" equivalents. Intensity and structure of natural selection were measured using the Crow's index and its components. All statistics indicated were determined using the data obtained in Ashkhabad city and in two rural populations of Ashkhabad region (Yasman and Nokhur) within the time interval prior to 60s and after 70s. The results obtained made it possible to subdivide the populations under study into three different groups according to different stages of demographic process: 1) urbanized population; 2) rural (transient) population; 3) "relict" rural population.

Genes, Lethal↗
PubMed1991

Doubts about isonymy.

The method of isonymy, developed by Crow and Mange for estimating inbreeding from surname frequencies, requires an assumption that has not been appreciated: It is necessary to assume that all males in some ancestral generation, the founding stock, had unique surnames. Because this assumption is seldom justified in real populations, the applicability of the isonymy method is extremely limited. Even worse, the estimates it provides refer to an unspecified founding stock, and this implies that these estimates are devoid of information.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1991

Note on estimates of the inbreeding coefficient through study of pedigrees and isonymous marriages.

Crow and Mange (1965) developed a method to estimate the inbreeding coefficient (F) through an ingenious surname analysis. Such formulations assume a regularity of transmission of surnames, monophyletism, and random occurrence of consanguineous marriages. Accordingly, the ratio of isonymous partners to F of the offspring is equal to 4. Nevertheless, genealogy analyses show that the consanguineous marriages do not necessarily occur regularly. Therefore the isonymy analysis gives a misestimation of the inbreeding coefficient, depending on the prevailing form of nonrandomness. We suggest a small correction to the formulation in situations when pedigree information is available. The weighted mean of the ratio of isonymous partners to F of the known consanguineous marriages is suggested as a way to improve the formulas. The technique was applied to a northeastern Brazilian sample, and the results agree well with those of bioassays and therefore provide an apparently more realistic estimate of the inbreeding coefficient by isonymy.

Brazil↗
PubMed1990

[Humoral antibodies in immune mediated neuropathy].

Immune mediated neuropathy includes acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (CIDN), paraproteinemic polyneuropathy (PPN) and Crow-Fukase syndrome (CFS). Serum antibodies as humoral immunity in patients with immune mediated neuropathy were measured by the method of immunoblots and ELISA. P0 protein, P2 protein, 170K-Mr glycoprotein and ganglioside (GGD) of human peripheral nerve myelin and MBP, myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) of human central nerve myelin were used as antigens. In AIDP anti P2 antibodies were elevated significantly. However, anti MBP antibodies were also elevated in parallel. In PPN anti MAG antibodies were detected in 4 patients with IgM-M proteinemia and demyelinating neuropathy. High titers of anti MAG antibodies were also detected in the same 4 patients. Characteristic pathological findings of biopsied sural nerve were segmental demyelination with widening of the intraperiod line of the outer myelin lamella in all 4 patients. Positive rate of anti myelin antibodies were 23% in 23 cases with PPN. Anti 170K-Mr glycoprotein was detected only in one patient with IgM-M proteinemia, polyneuropathy and incurable dermatitis. Anti GGD antibodies were not detected in PPN or CFS. A few patients with GBS or CIDN have anti GGD antibodies in ELISA. It is well known that various antibodies to peripheral nerve myelin are detected in neuropathy, especially demyelinating state. The most important antigen established in this study in the pathogenesis of neuropathy is MAG. IgM monoclonal protein including anti MAG antibodies was absorbed by purified MAG completely. Anti 170K Mr glycoprotein was also absorbed by purified 170K-Mr glycoprotein. Role of humoral antibody to peripheral nerve myelin specific 170K-Mr glycoprotein remains to be solved.

Antibody Formation↗