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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[From conjunctivitis to glaucoma. When is a red eye an alarm signal?].

A red eye is mostly a relatively harmless sign of simple conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis may be extremely contagious. If no improvement is seen after ten days of treatment, referral to an ophthalmologist is indicated. Local corticosteroids and local anesthetics must not be prescribed. The patient should also be referred to an ophthalmologist when the red eye is chronic or recurrent, and when a unilateral red eye is associated with severe pain and vomiting (suspicious for acute glaucoma!), or generally when severe pain or impairment of sight, indicative of corneal infiltration or a hypopyon, presents. The diagnostic use of fluorescein to stain the cornea and any alteration of corneal transparency also belong in the hands of the ophthalmologist.

Conjunctivitis↗
PubMed2002

[Allergodil eye drops in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis].

The authors describe a group of 20 patients with symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis where for a period of 2-6 weeks twice a day into the conjunctival sac of both eyes Allergidol gtt, ophth., ASTA Medica AG FRG was administered. As to subjective sensations the authors evaluated itching, burning, the sensation of a foreign body and lacrimation, as to objective signs oedema of the eyelids, hyperaemia of the conjunctiva and papillary hypertrophy. The authors evaluated also the rate of onset of the effect, its duration and tolerance of the preparation. Subjective symptoms disappeared in 90% patients, hyperaemia of the conjunctivae and papillary hypertrophy receded in 12 patients (60%), in 8 (40%) they disappeared. Regression of subjective complaints occurred in all patients within 20 minutes, the duration of the effect was within the range of 11-13 hours in 18 patients (90%), 6-8 hours in two patients (10%). As to undesirable effects one female patient reported after administration of the eye drops a bitter sensation in the mouth, another one a burning sensation. Evidence was provided that the local H1 antihistaminic Allergodil gtt is effective in monotherapy in mild forms of allergic conjunctivitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytokine status of patients with chlamydial conjunctivitis].

The study of cytokine status in 37 patients with chlamydial conjunctivitis revealed its noticeable alteration: increment of production of serum IL-16 and IL-14 and IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the lacrymal fluid. The investigation of the cytokine status in patients with chlamydial conjunctivitis can be a valuable addition in the complex estimation of immunity to perform immunomodulating therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Study on etiology of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Qingdao during 1997].

OBJECTIVE: To study the etiology of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in Qingdao during 1997. METHODS: During the AHC epidemic season viruses from the conjunctival swabs were isolated in Hela and Hep-2 cell cultures and were identified by neutralization test. RESULTS: All isolated virus strains were identified as (CA24) v and adenoviruses (Adv) by neutralization test with antisera of CA24 v, Echo virus 70(EV70), CA24, CA24 v of Beijing local strain, Ad3, Ad7 and Ad11. CONCLUSION: In 1997, a small epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was caused by adenoviuses and CA24 v.

Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic↗
PubMed2000

[Clinical investigation of 0.3% levofloxacin eyedrops on the treatment of cases with acute bacterial conjunctivitis and bacterial keratitis].

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of 0.3% levofloxacin eyedrops on the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis and bacterial keratitis. METHODS: The patients were randomly divided into treated group and control group. They were given 0.3% levofloxacin and 0.3% ofloxacin eyedrops respectively. RESULTS: From April to December in 1999, 132 cases were enrolled in the study. It showed that there was no significant difference between two drops in the cure and effective rates, but the mean cure day of keratitis in levofloxacin group was significantly shorter than that in ofloxacin group. No serious side effects occurred. CONCLUSION: Levofloxacin eyedrops was effective and safe antibiotics in treating bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of emedastine eyedrops on acute seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in children].

The developments of the symptoms of acute allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva (itching of the eye, conjunctival hyperaemia and oedema, and lacrimation) is largely due to the histamine released in the course of the allergic reaction. A major role in its treatment is therefore played by eyedrops with an antihistamine effect. The aims of the present study were to establish whether there is a rapid effect of eyedrops containing the selective H1 receptor blocker emedastine on acute seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and, if so, the time required for this effect to develop. Eyedrops containing emedastine were administered in the ragweed season to 20 children (12 boys and 8 girls) with acute allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva resulting from a hypersensitivity to ragweed pollen, the average age of the 20 children was 12.3 years (range: 5-19). The degrees of itching of the eye and of conjunctival hyperaemia were each characterised on a scale ranging from 0 to 4 (4 denoting the most severe symptoms). It was found that, after a single administration of 1 emedastine eyedrop, the degree of itching of the eye fell from the starting score of 2.85 +/- 0.75 to 0.45 +/- 0.51 within an average of 2.95 minutes, while the conjunctival hyperaemia fell from 2.35 +/- 0.59 to 0.55 +/- 0.51 in an average of 7.7 minutes. The level of the improvement for both symptoms was highly significant. An undesirable side effect (a burning sensation on the eyeball) was observed in one case. It may be stated that the eyedrop containing emedastine effectively decreases the extents of itching of the eye and conjunctival hyperaemia in children with acute allergic conjunctivitis, its effects are exerted within minutes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis on some Nigerian children.

During 21 month study of bacterial conjunctivitis among 121 children in two health care centres in Calabar, Nigeria, a total of 90 (74.4%) cases were culturally confirmed. Neonates had the highest age-specific attack rates with 48 (53.3%) cases. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the predominant pathogen, was recovered from 32 (35.6%) infections; 21 (65.6%) of them from neonates. Cultures of genital swabs of consenting parents of infected neonates as well as those of three female children aged 2-12 years with concurrent vulvo-vaginitis yielded N. gonorrhoeae. Younger women, mostly primi-gravidae were more frequently found to have benefited from peri-natal health care services than older multi-gravidae. Nevertheless, such access to health care services did not appear to influence the frequency of gonococcal conjunctivitis in neonates from the two maternal groups (P < 0.01). Sexual abuse and contaminated fomites were the possible modes of gonococcal infection transmission to older children. Overall, 22 (68.8%) strains of gonococci were resistant to penicillin; 19 (59.4%) were penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG), while 5 (15.6%) had chromosomally-mediated resistance. All isolates were sensitive to erythromycin. This study recommends a review of gonorrhoea surveillance in pregnancy to include routine examination of cervical swabs just before delivery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Acute hemorrhagic viral conjunctivitis].

Two cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis are described, in which the enterovirus Coxsackie 24 was found by serological examination to be the etiological agent. The virus was important from Nigeria. The patients suffered by the acute hemorrhagic keratoconjuntivitis with transient iritic irritation without the systemic symptoms. Since now this disease with serological verification was not diagnosed in our country. The question of the viral hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and their treatment is discussed. The necessity of virological investigation in inflammations of the anterior segment is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunotherapy in allergic conjunctivitis.

Eighty patients with allergic conjunctivitis were treated with immunotherapy employing specific allergens. Sixty-two percent of these showed beneficial response. In cases of vernal conjunctivitis needing topical steroid preparations frequently for control of symptoms, immunotherapy is worth attempting to cause remission of symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aeromonas hydrophila conjunctivitis in a pet parrot (Amazona versicolor).

A bilateral conjunctivitis in a pet parrot (Amazona versicolor) is reported. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated in pure culture from both eyes and considered of diagnostic significance. Biochemical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of the strain were studied, as were the factors that could have contributed to the clinical conjunctivitis and the role of A. hydrophila as an opportunistic pathogen.

Aeromonas hydrophila↗
PubMed2003

An outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Melaka, Malaysia.

This paper reports a second outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus A24 in peninsular Malaysia. Between June 2002 and early October 2003, 10,327 patients, comprising 3,261 children and 7,066 adults, were treated for acute conjunctivitis in 11 government health clinics in the Melaka Tengah district of the state of Melaka. The figure grossly underestimates the size of the outbreak; as no patients treated in private clinics in the same district were included. Institution and household surveillance showed that the commonest presenting clinical feature of the illness was eye-discharge (91.2%), followed by foreign body sensation (81.8%), pain (78.3%) and subconjunctival haemorrhage (74.4%). The mean duration of illness was 6.5 and five days for patients with and without subconjunctival haemorrhage respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Skin reactivity in allergic conjunctivitis].

Allergic conjunctivitis is a very common disease in our country. We intend to determine the most frequent ocular involvement and the specific sensitivity to common aeroallergens. A longitudinal prospective study was performed on 20 patients from the allergy/immunology and ophthalmology outpatient service, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, from May to July 1990. All of them had allergic conjunctivitis and were evaluated for ocular involvement and reactivity to common aeroallergens by skin prick test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Topical treatments for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: Evidence for the effectiveness of topical treatments, in providing symptomatic relief from ocular allergy, remains uncertain. AIMS: To assess the effectiveness and relative efficacy of topical treatments for the management of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. DESIGN OF STUDY: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: A literature search of the Cochrane Library, Medline, and EMBASE bibliographic databases. METHOD: Double-masked randomised controlled trials were identified, that compared the use of topical mast cell stabilisers (sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil, lodoxamide) with placebo, topical antihistamines with placebo, and topical mast cell stabilisers with topical antihistamines. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of six trials showed that patients using sodium cromoglycate were 17 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4 to 78) more likely to perceive benefit compared with those using a placebo, although this estimate may be partially influenced by publication bias. Five trials indicated that those patients using nedocromil were 1.8 times (95% CI = 1.3 to 2.6) more likely to perceive their allergy to be moderately or totally controlled than those using a placebo. Four trials showed that those using antihistamines were 1.3 times (95% CI = 0.8 to 2.2) more likely to perceive a 'good' treatment effect than those using mast cell stabilisers, although this beneficial effect was not statistically significant. Limited evidence suggests that antihistamines might have a faster therapeutic effect compared to mast cell stabilisers. CONCLUSION: Overall, these findings confirm the benefit of topical mast cell stabilisers and antihistamines over placebo for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. There is, however, insufficient evidence to recommend the use of one type of medication over another. Treatment preferences should therefore be based on convenience of use (with reduced frequency of instillation for some preparations), patient preference, and costs, especially as important side effects were not reported with any medication.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

[Acute bacterial conjunctivitis].

Acute infectious conjunctivitis is the eye disease most commonly seen by general practitioners, and is estimated to represent 2-3% of their total number of consultations. The present paper gives a review of the epidemiology, etiology, clinical picture, complications, differential diagnoses and therapy of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. The condition has an excellent prognosis with a high frequency of spontaneous remission. However, topical antibacterial therapy should always be instituted, because this will shorten the course of the disease and reduce the risk of epidemic outbreaks, particularly in institutions for children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak caused by Coxsackievirus A24--Puerto Rico, 2003.

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is an epidemic form of highly contagious conjunctivitis and is characterized by sudden onset of painful, swollen, red eyes, with conjunctival hemorrhaging and excessive tearing. Since 1981, when AHC was first detected in the Western Hemisphere, three major epidemics had occurred until 2003, all affecting the Caribbean. During August-October 2003, a fourth epidemic occurred in Puerto Rico (2000 population: 3.8 million). This report summarizes the outbreak investigation conducted by the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDOH), which documented an estimated 490,000 persons with illness, including >51,000 cases reported by physicians; demonstrated laboratory evidence of Coxsackievirus A24 (CA24); and determined that school-aged children (i.e., aged 5-18 years) and those living in crowded urban areas were at highest risk. To control outbreaks of AHC, prevention methods (e.g., frequent hand washing and avoidance of sharing towels and bedding) should be targeted to groups at highest risk, and information should be disseminated after the first report of AHC in the area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Ketotifen fumarate (Zaditen) eye drops in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis].

A group of 25 patients with signs of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis treated during the period of 2 to 6 month with ketotifen fumarate 0.05% eye drops 2-3 times daily (Zaditen eye drops, Novartis Ophthalmic, AG, Switzerland) is described here. As subjective symptoms of itching, stinging, tearing, and mucous discharge were observed and evaluated, as well as objective signs of hyperemia of the conjunctiva and hypertrophy of the tarsal papillae. Similarly the onset of action, duration time, and toleration of the drug were assessed. Subjective symptoms disappeared after 10 days of treatment duration in 60% to 80% patients, after two months of treatment were present in the range 0% to 20%. Objective signs diminished after 10 days of treatment in 60%-72% patients, and after 2 months in 72% to 96% of patients. Hypertrophy of papillae of the tarsal conjunctiva did not totally disappear even after 6 month of treatment with ketotifen fumarate eye drops. Onset of action in all patients was 20 minutes or less, the duration of action was in the range of 8-13 hours. The drug was found as a good tolerable by all patients. Sixteen per cent of patients felt some burning following the instillation. The study states that ketotifen fumarate 0.05% eye drops are effective in a monotherapy of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Due to its multiple action, the drug prevents the allergic reaction as well. Subjective symptoms are influenced faster and more effective than the objective signs. The treatment of objective signs needs prolonged use of these drops.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Asthma, atopic eczema and allergic rhino-conjunctivitis in school children.

International Study of Asthma and Allergies of Childhood (ISAAC) phase one study had already been completed in two age groups in 156 collaborating centers of 56 countries involving a total of 721601 children. Bangladesh did not participate earlier in this worldwide study. To determine the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in school children of Dhaka district using ISAAC protocol. A school based cross sectional study done in 2000 by using both written questionnaires (WQ) and video questionnaires (VQ). Students of class-VIII (13-14 years) filled up both the WQ and VQ and the parents of class I (6-7 years) filled up only the WQ on behalf of the students. Sixty five (6)5 primary schools and 39 high schools were randomly selected from all 19 thanas to cover equally both the urban and rural schools of the entire area of Dhaka district. A total of 6260 written questionnaires were eligible for the analysis (3029 form 6-7 years of class I and 3231 from 13-14 years of class VIII). In addition, the validated international video questionnaires were used for the older age group (3231). The symptoms of atopic diseases in the previous 12 months or ever in all children, both age groups, both sexes and in both urban and rural areas. The life time (ever) and 12-month period (recent) prevalence of three allergic conditions with 95% CI were as follows : wheezing 13.8% (12.9-14.6), 7.6% (6.9-8.2); allergic rhinitis 25.0% (23.9-26.1), 20.0% (19.1-21.1) and eczema 8.7% (CI 8.0-9.4), 6.5% (5.9-7.2). respectively. The prevalence of wheezing and other atopic features in both age groups of 6-7 years and 13-14 years showed higher features of recent wheeze in the younger children than in the older children, recent wheeze 9.1% Vs 6.1%; but the other atopic features were found lower in younger age group, recent rhinitis 16.3% Vs 23.5%, 0.001; conjunctivitis 6.4% Vs 8.3%, 0.001; recent eczema 6.0% Vs 7.1% 0.001. Male children were found to be more suffering from all types allergic conditions than their female peers: recent wheeze 9.0% Vs 5.9%, recent rhinitis 21.9% Vs 17.9%, recent allergic conjunctivitis 8.7% Vs 6.7% and recent eczema 6.8% Vs 6.2%). Though the prevalence of asthma and atopic eczema was lower than those of developed countries but still appeared to be a major health problem for our children. Allergic rhinitis was the commonest of all atopic problems in children. The younger children (6-7 years) were more likely to suffer from wheeze (asthma) but other allergic problems were more in older group of children (13-14 years). Male children were more prone to all types of allergic problems, whether wheeze or other atopic conditions, than the female peers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Ligneous conjunctivitis: complication of inborn plasminogen deficiency (a case report)].

Authors refer about detailed analysis of ten years follow up of a child patient with ligneous conjunctivitis. They document presence of all typical eye findings (especially recurrent formation of granulomatous pseudotumors in affected mucous membrane) related to this rare pseudomembranous conjunctivitis. The clinical picture of the disease includes plasminogen deficiency, a factor newly considered as primary cause of the disease. The diagnosis was confirmed histologicaly by repeated probatory excisions. Pseudomembranous inflammation with mixed inflammatory infiltrate containing large amount of elements of chronical as well as acute inflammatory reaction is typical. Granuloma with the accumulation of the PAS-positive amorphous matrix with high content of the fibrin and with the network of newly formed vessels is the component of the inflammatory picture. The treatment was based on successively discovered knowledge of the possible etiopathogenesis of the disease. Only the ninth, last surgical procedure induced longer-term remission, which lasts sixteen months until now. The granuloma excision was combined with the mitomicin application on the wound surface and a conjunctivoplasty. During the postoperative period, the ointment with heparin, corticosteroid and antibiotic was applied. The purpose of the mitomicin use is to slow down the fibroproliferative reparative reaction. Covering of the wound surface decreases the number of microtraumas on the uneven postoperative scleral surface. Heparin in the interstitial tissue of the wound surface blocks the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Adolescent↗