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Results for “Compulsive Personality Disorder”

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PubMed1980

Relationships between premorbid personalities and unipolar depressions.

One hundred and fifty consecutive patients with unipolar psychotic ("endogenous") depression were investigated to illuminate any relationships existing between premorbid personality traits and the development of depressive illness. In some cases personality and psychological stress appeared to combine to produce depression, while in others physical stresses appeared to be the principal etiological agents, and to operate in the absence of personality and psychological factors. The contribution of these different factors to causation are discussed and explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A comparative psychometric study of anorexia nervosa and obsessive neurosis.

Similarities between anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder have been described by a number of authors but few empirical investigations have been reported. In the current study, 15 female anorexics were compared with 14 age-matched female obsessives on a variety of psychometric tests, psychiatrist's ratings and self-rating scales. Obsessives and anorexics obtained similarly high obsessive symptom and trait scores on the Leyton Obsessional Inventory LOI). Both groups were rated by the psychiatrist as similarly obsessive, and there were no significant group differences in self-ratings of obsessive symptoms. Both groups were characterized by high levels of neuroticism and anxiety and low levels of extraversion. In the anorexic group the 6 abstainers had higher resistance scores on the LOI and higher extraversion scores on th MPI than the 9 bulimics. Findings are discussed with reference to the "sorcerer's apprentice" syndrome which appears to characterize both the obsessive and the anorexic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Psychodynamic aspects of occupational stress.

Freud described work as that which attaches the individual most firmly to reality. Many patients present to psychiatrists with disturbances in the capacity to work. This paper reviews common psychodynamic constellations in such patients in the belief that depth psychological approaches should complement recent person-environment fit considerations. Work inhibitions may arise from repressed aggression and/or sexuality displaced onto occupational tasks. Fear of success may be rooted in both oedipal and pre-oedipal conflicts. Work compulsion may evince attempts to appease a harsh super-ego. Chronic job dissatisfaction often arises from maladaptive attempts to regulate self-esteem. More importantly however, these disturbances frequently arise from interacting dynamic factors which must be carefully attended to by clinicians.

Achievement↗
PubMed1984

Deterioration of mood and elevation of anxiety in compulsive ritualising.

To account for the so called anxiety elevating compulsions and Beech's contention that mood deteriorates through ritualising, two hypotheses were formulated and tested. In line with our expectation, the data suggested that compulsions may (i) not only serve to reduce actual anxiety, but may also prevent anxiety that patients believe to occur in case of not ritualising and that (ii) compulsive patients are most troubled by negative self statements immediately after ritualising and least so in case of not ritualising. It is argued that these findings do not contradict the anxiety reduction model.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fluoxetine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Two patients suffering from severe obsessive-compulsive disorder which had proven refractory to clomipramine and/or phenelzine treatment were successfully treated with fluoxetine, a new drug with a strong serotonin uptake inhibiting action. Outcome of treatment was measured on psychometric tests including the Leyton Obsessive Inventory, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90, Beck Depression Inventory, and daily self-reports of the duration and degree of discomfort of their most severe obsessions. The delay in responding to fluoxetine, the continuing improvement even after one year on the drug, and the prompt relapse with abrupt withdrawal of treatment were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Self-concept and self-consciousness in adults with Tourette syndrome.

The hypothesis that adults with Tourette Syndrome (TS) have a lower level of self-concept and a higher level of public self-consciousness and social anxiety than the general population was examined. Ninety-eight suitable adults responded to a letter distributed to the members of the Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada. The findings indicated that the group with TS and high obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not TS alone, had significantly lower self-concepts than the general population. Both males and females with TS and high obsessive-compulsive symptoms scored higher on social anxiety than the general population, but no differences in public self-consciousness were found. The results of this study argue that people with TS alone do not have impaired self-concepts or social anxiety, but both of these disorders tend to be present among those who suffer from both TS and significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Development and validation of the Schedule of Compulsions, Obsessions, and Pathological Impulses (SCOPI).

This article describes a factor analytically derived, self-report instrument-the Schedule of Compulsions, Obsessions, and Pathological Impulses (SCOPI)-using data from college students, adults, psychiatric outpatients, and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The five SCOPI scales all are internally consistent (with coefficient alphas of .80 and higher) and are strongly stable across a 2-month interval (with retest correlations ranging from .79 to .82). They also show good convergent and adequate discriminant validity (a) when correlated with other OCD measures and (b) in analyses of self-ratings versus spouse ratings. Additional analyses indicate that three scales-Obsessive Checking, Obsessive Cleanliness, and Compulsive Rituals-assess core symptoms of OCD. The two remaining scales-Hoarding and Pathological Impulses-appear to tap different (but related) constructs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Anxiety in high-functioning children with autism.

High-functioning children with autism were compared with two control groups on measures of anxiety and social worries. Comparison control groups consisted of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and normally developing children. Each group consisted of 15 children between the ages of 8 and 12 years and were matched for age and gender. Children with autism were found to be most anxious on both measures. High anxiety subscale scores for the autism group were separation anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. These findings are discussed within the context of theories of autism and anxiety in the general population of children. Suggestions for future research are made.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed2003

Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a child with Asperger syndrome: a case report.

This case report outlines the cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a 7-year-old female with Asperger syndrome. Interventions were based upon the work of March and Mulle and were adapted in light of the patient's cognitive, social, and linguistic characteristics. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms improved markedly after approximately 6 months of treatment. Issues regarding symptom presentation, assessment, and treatment of a dually diagnosed patient are discussed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2005

Obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania: a phenomenological comparison.

BACKGROUND: Similarities between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and trichotillomania (TTM) have been widely recognized. Nevertheless, there is evidence of important differences between these two disorders. Some authors have conceptualized the disorders as lying on an OCD spectrum of conditions. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy eight OCD patients (n = 278: 148 male; 130 female) and 54 TTM patients (n = 54; 5 male; 49 female) of all ages were interviewed. Female patients were compared on select demographic and clinical variables, including comorbid axis I and II disorders, and temperament/character profiles. RESULTS: OCD patients reported significantly more lifetime disability, but fewer TTM patients reported response to treatment. OCD patients reported higher comorbidity, more harm avoidance and less novelty seeking, more maladaptive beliefs, and more sexual abuse. OCD and TTM symptoms were equally likely to worsen during menstruation, but OCD onset or worsening was more likely associated with pregnancy/puerperium. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support previous work demonstrating significant differences between OCD and TTM. The classification of TTM as an impulse control disorder is also problematic, and TTM may have more in common with conditions characterized by stereotypical self-injurious symptoms, such as skin-picking. Differences between OCD and TTM may reflect differences in underlying psychobiology, and may necessitate contrasting treatment approaches.

Adolescent↗