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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[New common reference intervals for clinical chemistry in the Nordic countries. A better basis for clinical assessment and cooperation].

A project engaging the five Nordic countries has presented common reference intervals for the most frequently used biochemical and haematological analytes. The results are based on samples from up to 3000 healthy adult reference persons and are statistically calculated to include 95% of the reference population's values. Reference samples were analyzed together with commutable control materials traceable to reference methods (IMEP-17). Enzymes were analyzed using methods traceable to IFCC reference methods. The Swedish Society of Clinical Chemistry now recommends its member laboratories to introduce the new reference intervals and new enzyme methods during 2004.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Urban sprawl and you: how sprawl adversely affects worker health.

Urban sprawl, once thought of as just an environmental issue, is currently gaining momentum as an emerging public health issue worthy of research and political attention. Characteristics seen in sprawling communities include increasing traffic volumes; inadequate public transportation; pedestrian unfriendly streets; and the division of businesses, shops, and homes. These characteristics can affect health in many ways. Greater air pollution contributes to higher asthma and other lung disorder rates. An increased dependence on the automobile encourages a more sedentary lifestyle and can potentially contribute to obesity. The increased danger and stress of long commutes can lead to more accidents, anxiety, and social isolation. Occupational health nurses can become involved by promoting physical activity in the workplace, creating programs for injury prevention and stress management, becoming involved in political smart growth measures, and educating and encouraging colleagues to become active in addressing this issue.

City Planning↗
PubMed1992

Enhancing minority nursing student success through a comprehensive retention program.

The need for a strong retention program at a predominantly White, state, commuter school of nursing had been identified by the minority community. The authors describe the process of developing and implementing a comprehensive retention program on one campus which could be replicated on other campuses. The success of the program and plans to strengthen it are discussed.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Research on Pisa University student's life style and health].

Surveys on life and health conditions of university students besides providing useful epidemiologic data partly related to the young population. They are potentially useful for the intervention planning aimed to remove possible environmental or behavioural risk factors. Following these purpose a survey sample about 1200 student attending the University of Pisa was carried out through an anonymous questionnaire about 41 questions focused on behaviours and lifestyles of young people, possible health problems, self-perception of the health state, the use of public health services, and the more commonly used (or preferred) sources of information on health topics. The results suggest that although the self perception of the state of health is broadly positive for the majority of students, there is also a significant frequency of individuals declaring significant at risk behaviours (persistence of sexual practices at risk, drug use, alcohol and smoke abuse). The consumption, also sporadic, of psicoattive substances has been declared gives beyond 40% of the students, in particular 37% asserts to have tried drugs. The habit to smoke appeared diffused much between the students; the percentage of smokers turns out equal to 41% in total (40% females, 42% males). 76% of the interviewed ones has declared to be sexually active, the percentage of those who have declared multiple relations or occasional is elevated (12%), and 47% of the students asserts to use the condom with fixed partner and 77% with occasional partner. Moreover there seems to be a significant association between the changes in the diet and other lifestyles that are due to the "university lifestyle" (as a consequence of leaving the family or increased commuting) and the insurgence of several types of sickness, e.g. gastroenteric disturbances and fever attacks. Finally, the present investigation suggests that few interventions on services offered to students (such as accommodation, teaching structures and especially the creation of a "health office" where students can acquire information on health and other topics related to their condition) could have a significantly beneficial impact on the general state of health of the university population.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Flight safety in Alaska: comparing attitudes and practices of high- and low-risk air carriers.

INTRODUCTION: Aircraft operations are a vital component of the transportation system in Alaska. Between 1990-2002, a total of 481 people died in Alaska in aviation accidents. The purpose of this study was to examine the practices and attitudes of Alaska commuter and air taxi operators and their pilots as they relate to company fatal accident rates. METHODS: A case-control analysis based on accident statistics was performed, grouping operators and their pilots into cases and controls, based on operator fatal accident rates, during January 1990 to June 2001. Responses from two aviation safety surveys-one of air carrier operators and one of active commercial pilots-were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS: The average case pilot had less career flight experience than control pilots and worked 13 h x d(-1) and 81 h x wk(-10; that is, 1 h x d(-1) and 10 h wk-1 more than controls. Case operators were less likely to consider pilot fatigue a problem when scheduling flights (p = 0.05) and more likely to depend financially on timely delivery of bypass mail (p = 0.04). Case pilots were three times as likely as controls to fly daily into unknown weather conditions. Nearly 90% of case pilots reported that they never flew when so fatigued that they wanted to decline the flight, compared with 64% of control pilots (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Pilots of high-risk operators differed from those working for the other operators, both in experience and working conditions. The combination of pilot inexperience and longer work hours and workweeks may contribute to Alaska's high aviation crash rate.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed2004

Road safety - threats and opportunities for poor countries.

Chances are that everyone reading this will either have lost a close friend, relative, or work colleague in a road traffic crash in the last couple of years. Chances are, the reports said it was an "accident". There might even have been police reports giving the "cause of the accident." Now, think about the meaning of the word "accident" - most people would agree it is an unpredictable event, one for which you could not possibly have prepared - it just happened. Now, think again. Can we predict what will happen when a cyclist's unprotected head hits the concrete at 100 kms an hour? Can we predict what will happen when a powerful car races down a road a few meters away from the entrance of a primary school, just as the kids are leaving school? Can we predict what will happen when a matatu (commuter mini bus) driver gets behind the wheel at dusk, after a few bottles of alcohol, heading for a destination six hours away? And can we predict what will happen when a mosquito bites a baby, just after feeding on a person sick from malaria? Well - chances are, the first three scenarios will be called accidental, and the last one will be targeted for prevention! The truth is, all four are perfectly predictable, and preventable. The more than 3,200 persons dying on the world's road every day have become predictable - we know they will happen, we know where they will happen, and what kind of people will be involved. Yet the majority of communities and governments still call them accidental, and make no concrete provision for their prevention.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2004

[The luminescence characteristic of a new novel coprecipitate rare earths complexes].

A new novel coprecipitate rare earths complexes La0.6Eu0.4(BSA)3phen has been synthesized and was chosen as the emitter material in the organic electroluminescent devices: ITO/PVK: La0.6Eu0.4(BSA)3phen/Alq/Al where PVK was used to improve the film-forming and hole-transporting property of the La0.6Eu0.4(BSA)3phen. It has been proved that it exists Förster energy transfer process from La3+ to Eu3+. This device has also been compared with the devices: ITO/PVK: Eu(BSA)3phen/Alq/Al and ITO/PVK: Tb0.6Eu0.4(BSA)3phen/Alq/Al. From the data, it indicated the device has the good purity of red color and good commutation property. The maximum EL brightness of 102 cd x m(-2) had been got.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of cardiac rehabilitation participation in older coronary patients.

BACKGROUND: While older coronary patients have a lower exercise capacity than younger coronary patients and have been demonstrated to improve exercise capacity to a degree similar to younger coronary patients, they are less likely to be referred to an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program. The goal of this study was to determine demographic, medical, and psychosocial predictors of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation participation in hospitalized older post--coronary event patients. METHODS: An in-hospital-guided interview was performed by the clinical research nurse of the cardiac rehabilitation program with 226 hospitalized patients, aged 62 years and older, who had recently suffered a myocardial infarction or coronary bypass surgery. Demographic, medical, and psychosocial data were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall cardiac rehabilitation participation rate in a population with a mean age of 70.4 +/- 6 years (range, 62 to 92 years) was 21%. By multivariate analysis, the strength of the primary physician's recommendation for participation was the most powerful predictor of cardiac rehabilitation entry. Also, significant predictors of participation included commute time, patient "denial" of severity of illness, and history of depression. Medical factors such as cardiac diagnosis and left ventricular ejection fraction did not predict participation. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic, medical, and psychosocial data, collected in hospitalized post-coronary event patients are powerful predictors of subsequent participation in cardiac rehabilitation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

[Setup of high voltage direct circuit equivalent circuit model in leakage detection of landfill].

An equivalent circuit model is put forward through analysis of the experiment data under the conditions of applying 400V, 350V and 300V DC supply power to a small-scale simulated landfill. Due to the fact that the existence of the HDPE geomembrane liner endows the model with commutating character, the electrolytic capacity increases as the area of geomembrane liner and the supplying electric voltage increase. The contact electric resistance of the power supply electrode is in direct proportion to earth electric resistance rate, and in relation to the diameter of the electrode and the depth of the earth. Moreover, the contact resistance is mainly determined by the earth electric resistance around the electrode (the influence induced by the earth farther than 10 times electrode radius is less than 10 percent of those involved by all resistance), hence decrease of the earth electric resistance rate around the electrode may result in effective decrease of the contact electric resistance of the electrode.

Electricity↗
PubMed2005

A profile of registered nurses in rural and remote Canada.

Research on nursing practice issues in rural and remote areas of Canada is very limited. This report describes the method and initial results of a comprehensive survey of registered nurses (RNs) practising outside the commuting zones of large urban centres, designed to determine: who practises nursing in rural and remote Canada; the nature and scope of their nursing practice; and their satisfaction with their work, community, and practice supports. Using a mailed questionnaire with persistent follow-up, the data-collection frame included a stratified random sample of rural RNs and the full population of RNs who worked in the northern territories and outpost ("remote") settings. The analyses focus on regional comparisons of demographics and primary work settings and on provincial comparisons of satisfaction levels related to work and community. The survey is part of a larger multi-method project intended to inform policy on rural nursing practice in Canada.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Final declaration of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology concerning the participation of psychiatrists in executions].

To begin with, this author has reviewed papers addressing the issue around the participation of psychiatrists in legal executions. The questions of reasoning for the exclusion of the mentally incompetent from execution, what exactly constitutes "competency to be executed," and whether to assess a criminal's competency for execution or to offer treatment to death row inmates who have been found incompetent are under debate. Then, making known the temporary declaration of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology, the author has told that it should insist in the final declaration as follows: First, the secretiveness with which the Ministry of Justice and the correctional facilities in Japan handle the death penalty cases should be abolished. Second, in the present situation of the medical care in Japanese penal facilities, the employed psychiatrists should not be involved in the examination or the treatment of the death row inmates. Third, nevertheless the psychiatrist should not examine whether the inmate is competent to be executed in principle, this indifference may bring on the execution of the incompetent in present situation of Japan. Forth, it is not permitted ethically to offer the medical treatment to restore the inmate's competency. Fifth, because the Japanese death penalty confronts the false charges, if the capital punishment case requesting for retrial or preparing it reveal mentally abnormal and the condition is so severe that the inmate cannot assist legal counsel appropriately, the inmate should be transferred to hospital to be provided treatment. And finally the inmate whose competency is doubted should automatically be commuted to life imprisonment.

Capital Punishment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rural youth violence: it is a public health concern!

Youth violence is a significant issue for public health because of the potential for long-term impacts on individuals, families and communities. Limited exposure to violence is seen as a component of healthy living. However, there is limited understanding of violence from a public health perspective within rural communities. Rural refers to those communities with a population less than 10,000 outside the main commuting zone of a large urban area. Population health approaches, including the social determinants of health, are well supported by public health officials. Generating information about rural youth violence from a Canadian perspective would add to our understanding of these social determinants while providing guidance for policy and program development. Current understandings of youth violence are limited to an urban, and oftentimes, American perspective. An ongoing two-phase Canadian study on rural youth violence included qualitative interviews with 52 youth and the completion of a questionnaire that had been developed from the qualitative responses. The questionnaire has been completed by a larger sample of rural youth. The findings generated from this ongoing study will be useful in linking violence with social factors that impact health and thereby guide population health programs and policies. In this way, the role of public health to develop policies and implement programs will be directly influenced by evidence while addressing an ongoing public health concern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Fostering human continuity: an essential element in workplace crisis intervention.

News from throughout the world illustrates how disasters are impacting people during their commute and at the workplace. Now more than ever employers must ensure that personnel have the tools to deal with the impacts of these critical events. This article outlines how organizations can build psychological infrastructure in their corporate culture to foster resilience in the workplace.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed2005

Work-related fatal traffic crashes in New Zealand: 1985-1998.

AIM: To identify and describe all work-related traffic fatalities in New Zealand between 1985 and 1998 inclusive. METHODS: Potential cases were identified from databases held by three national agencies. The circumstances of the deaths in each fatal incident were reviewed directly from coronial files to determine work-relatedness. RESULTS: The rate of work-related fatal injury involving vehicles on a public road was 2.01 per 100,000 workers per year. The rate for worker deaths was 1.11 and that for commuting deaths was 0.89 per 100,000 workers per year. CONCLUSIONS: There is a substantial number of work-related crash fatalities each year and these represent a sizeable portion of the total burden of work-related fatalities.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

[Challenge of pharmacies to support home medical care].

Recently, hospitals have started to actively shorten the number of hospital days (hospital-stay and commuting days) of patients, as a result promotion of a home medical care has been started on that basis. Home medical care requires a fully equipped system in regional areas in terms of medical practitioners, home care nurses and drug supplies. From the system's perspective, home care for cancer patients is continually being promoted, so a drug supply system needs to be urgently put in place. Pharmacists are not only filling prescriptions for drug injectables, but they are also contributing to a proper use of drugs by engaging in patient home visits, and providing information to medical practitioners and home-visit nurses. In order to further promote home care, there will be a need to fully equip pharmacies and train pharmacists so they gain a rich clinical experience.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Small bowel bacterial overgrowth is not seen in healthy adults but is in disabled older adults.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) is defined as an abnormal increase in the number of bacteria in the small intestine, and may be occult in older adults. The aim of this study was to determine whether small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) is found in healthy older people as a concomitant of normal aging or is seen only in disabled or frail older people, excluding patients with intestinal disease and those who had undergone upper intestinal or gastric surgery. METHODOLOGY: Forty-one relatively healthy older people, aged 74.6 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- SE) years, who engage in regular exercise, and 42 variously disabled older people, average age 78.8 +/- 1.1 years, who commute to a day-care center participated in this study. SBBO was determined by a breath hydrogen (H2) test after ingestion of 50g of glucose solution dissolved in 200mL of water. Physical activity was judged from the number of steps walked per day as measured by a pedometer. Food intake was assessed by an interview. RESULTS: No SBBO-positive subject was seen among the healthy, while 11 (25.6%) of the disabled older adults were positive. The number of steps/day taken by the disabled subjects was extremely low, only 22.3% of that of the healthy (P<0.001). No significant difference was seen between the groups in food intake. The mean age of the SBBO-positive patients was relatively high, 81.5 +/- 2.2 years, and 5 (45.4%) of them were underweight, with a BMI<18.5. CONCLUSIONS: Our results and previous studies indicate that SBBO is seen only in patients with intestinal disease and disabled or frail older people.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A method for prevention of exposure of acupuncture points to undesirable effects].

Analysis of currently used medical electrostimulation equipment shows that under certain conditions (determined by current characteristics and electrode size) the skin is exposed to considerably high electric current. If an electrode is applied to skin region containing acupuncture points, unintentional and, therefore, uncontrollable exposure to electric current can have a detrimental effect on the health and the functional state of human body. In this work, an algorithm for preventing unintentional exposure of acupuncture points to electrostimulation is considered. The algorithm can be implemented using special electrodes consisting of insulated segments. Electric commutation of segments makes it possible to change automatically the working configuration of electrodes.

Acupuncture↗
PubMed2006

Helmet use and bicycle-related trauma in patients presenting to an acute hospital in Singapore.

INTRODUCTION: To describe the relationship between bicycle helmet use and injury pattern sustained by patients presenting to an emergency department (ED) in Singapore for bicycle-related trauma. METHODS: Data was collected from all individuals treated for bicycle-related trauma between September 1, 2004 and May 31, 2005 using a closed-ended questionnaire. RESULTS: 160 bicyclists with mean age of 34.4 years (range 10 to 89 years) were surveyed. Among them, 80 percent were male and 30.6 percent were non-residents. Helmets were worn by 10.6 percent of the patients. Alcohol was clinically detected in 11.3 percent of bicyclists. There was no difference in bicycle helmet use between Singaporeans and non-residents (p-value is 0.275). However, compared to younger bicyclists, bicyclists aged 30 years or older (p-value is less than 0.05), and compared to recreational or sport bicyclists, those who commute by bicycle, tended not to wear helmets (p-value is less than 0.01). Compared to Singaporeans (p-value is less than 0.05), non-residents and bicyclists aged 30 years or older (p-value is 0.011) believed that helmets did not protect against head injury. Comparing the helmeted group with the non-helmeted group, injury patterns by body region were: head injury 5.9 percent versus 40.0 percent (p-value is less than 0.01); facial injury 5.9 percent versus 37.1 percent (p-value is less than 0.05). Not wearing a helmet, being hit by a motor vehicle and age were significantly associated with higher injury severity scores, after adjusting for several potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Bicycle helmet use was low in our sample of injured patients. When worn, protection against injury was demonstrated. A campaign to promote use of bicycle helmets should be targeted at non-residents and older bicyclists. Authorities should consider compulsory helmet laws for bicyclists and expanding anti-drunk driving campaigns to target alcohol-intoxicated bicyclists.

Accidents, Traffic↗