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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The effects of caffeine on ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and mood in coffee drinkers.

The present study examined the effects of caffeine, as typically ingested through coffee, on ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and mood. Normotensive coffee drinkers wore a BP monitor for two 24-hr periods, consuming decaffeinated coffee. Each cup was supplemented with 125 mg caffeine or cornstarch. Systolic and diastolic BPs were elevated on the day caffeine was consumed (maximum, 3.6 and 5.6 mm Hg, respectively), most notably shortly after ingestion. Heart rate was higher overnight following caffeine consumption. Negative Affectivity was also increased by caffeine, but Positive Affectivity and tiredness were unaffected.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Metabolism studies with coffee and caffeine in healthy subjects, diabetics and patients with liver disease].

Peroral application of caffeine or theophylline causes a significant increase of the free fatty acids and the free glycerol of the serum; blood sugar and cholesterol are not influenced. FFA and free glycerol decrease during the day by food intake, blood sugar and triglycerides rise. The ingestion of coffee (1-3 cups) does not influence fat and carbohydrate metabolism. To induce a significant increase of lipolysis and of serum triglyceride levels high caffeine doses (1000 mg) are required. Summarizing the data presented, the authors conclude that coffee intake (at dosages compatible with normal nutrition) does not deteriorate glucose tolerance and does not interfere with the fat metabolism. Our findings are confirmed by epidemiologic investigations which have shown that coffee intake is no risk factor for myocardial infarction.

Caffeine↗
PubMed2005

Exploiting the genetic diversity of Beauveria bassiana for improving the biological control of the coffee berry borer through the use of strain mixtures.

Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogen widely used to control the coffee berry borer in Colombia, as part of an Integrated Pest Management strategy. Traditionally, the development of fungal insect pathogens as biocontrol agents in crop pests has been oriented towards the selection and formulation of elite clonal strains. Instead, we explored the potential application of genetic diversity in B. bassiana by determining the effect of strain mixtures on coffee berry borer mortality compared to clonal isolates. Genomic DNA from 11 strains was characterized using internal transcribed spacers and beta-tubulin sequences as well as amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Cluster analysis produced three genetic groups and confirmed the low but significant intraspecific genetic diversity present among the strains. Single strain virulence towards the coffee berry borer under laboratory conditions, using 1x10(6) conidia ml(-1), ranged between 89.9 and 57.5%. All the inoculations with mixtures resulted in coinfection events. Combinations of genetically similar strains showed no significant differences when their virulences were compared. However, mixtures of genetically different strains led to both antagonism and synergism. The lowest virulence percentage (57%) was obtained by putting together the most virulent strain of each group, contrary to the highest virulence percentage (93%) that resulted from mixing the three least virulent strains. The results indicate the promising potential of designing strain mixtures as an alternative for the biocontrol of Hypothenemus hampei and other pests and provide tools for the understanding of the ecological dynamics of entomopathogen populations under natural conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effects of coffee consumption and smoking habit on bone mineral density.

This study aims to investigate how a person's smoking and coffee consumption habits in the premenopausal stage can affect the postmenopausal BMD values. Two hundred females in the postmenopause stage were evaluated. The average daily coffee consumption and smoking habits in the premenopause stage and the demographic characteristics, age and duration of menopause of all the cases were identified and noted. The bone mineral density (BMD) evaluations of these cases were made with Dual Energy X-ray Absorbsiometer (DEXA) technique. The relationship of the questioned risk factors with BMD and differences among the groups were investigated. No correlation was found between the amount of coffee consumption and BMD. The BMD values of the smokers' group were lower than non-smokers' group. As a result, advancing age, duration of menopause and smoking habits have been identified to be risk factors in relation to OP.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

Epicatechin and catechin may prevent coffee berry disease by inhibition of appressorial melanization of Colletotrichum kahawae.

Colletotrichum kahawae is the causal agent of coffee berry disease. Appressorial melanization is essential for the fungal penetration of plant cuticle. Epicatechin is abundant in green coffee berry pericarp. Inoculation of C. kahawae conidial suspension containing 1.2 mg epicatechin or catechin/ml did not affect conidial germination or appressorial formation but appressorial melanization was completely inhibited and infection by the treated conidia was less than 30% of the untreated control. Epicatechin and catechin may, therefore, prevent coffee berry disease by inhibition of the appressorial melanization of C. kahawae.

Catechin↗
PubMed1991

Loss of heterocyclic amine mutagens by insoluble hemicellulose fiber and high-molecular-weight soluble polyphenolics of coffee.

The presence of 2 kinds of components in brewed and instant coffee that could remove and destroy heterocyclic amine mutagens was demonstrated. The component that could remove the mutagens was insoluble fiber composed of hemicellulose. The fiber could tightly adsorb the mutagens Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1 and A alpha C, and those generated in roasted coffee beans. The component that could destroy the mutagens was high-molecular-weight soluble polyphenolics. They might be converted into quinone derivatives in the presence of molecular oxygen. The quinone derivatives might destroy the mutagens. The fibers and the polyphenolics in one cup of brewed or instant coffee had the capacity to remove and destroy a substantial amount of the mutagens in pyrolysates of foodstuffs.

Amines↗
PubMed1994

Possible occurrence of new mutagens with the DNA breaking activity in coffee.

Brewed and instant coffee emitted strong chemiluminescence due to singlet oxygen and excited carbonyls, which may be originated by the Maillard reaction of sugars and amino acids but not by the reaction of polyphenolics. Instant coffee cleaved DNA giving single-strand breaks only after it was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or by gel filtration. Retention times of component(s) with strong DNA breaking activity in HPLC were different from those of chemiluminescence emitters, although they were coeluted on a gel filtration. The major DNA breaking component(s) must be different from chemiluminescence emitters. Active oxygen radicals participated little in DNA breaking because active oxygen radical scavengers had only a marginal effect on DNA breaking of the active gel fraction. DNA breaking by the active gel fraction was inhibited by high concentrations of inorganic salts probably because the salts stabilized the DNA double strands. The active gel fraction was mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 without metabolic activation. The number of His+ revertant colonies/g of instant coffee powder was estimated to be 4000.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The variability of the serum estradiol level in men: effect of stress (college examinations), cigarette smoking, and coffee drinking on the serum sex hormone and other hormone levels.

The results of studies carried out to evaluate the relationship of estradiol to coronary heart disease and its risk factors in men have been conflicting. Three possible causes of these conflicting results are (a) an inherent variability of the estradiol level within individual men; (b) the confounding effects on the estradiol level of certain common exogenous factors such as psychological stress, cigarette smoking, and coffee drinking; and (c) methodology and study design. The present study was conducted to test in men the inherent variability of the serum estradiol level and the effects of psychological stress (college examinations), cigarette smoking, and coffee drinking on the serum estradiol level. Subsets of 41 men, 19-57 years of age, were studied. A highly significant correlation in the estradiol levels was found between two fasting samples taken 30 minutes, 19.1 (mean) days, 2-6 months, and 10-89 months apart. Neither the stress of college examinations nor 30 minutes of cigarette smoking or coffee drinking had any apparent effect on the serum estradiol level, even in the presence of a two- to fivefold increase in the level of other hormones in four subjects with an autonomic reaction (three to smoking and one to venipuncture). It appears that the serum estradiol level is remarkably stable in men when taken under controlled conditions and that neither inherent fluctuation in this level nor the effects of the exogenous factors as studied are responsible for the conflicting results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Coffee consumption, blood pressure tonus and reactivity to physical challenge in 338 women.

The relationships of coffee consumption habits and cardiovascular tonus at rest and in response to an orthostatic and an ergometric challenge were determined in 338 nonsmoking women. Habitual coffee consumption was unrelated to blood pressure. Coffee consumption on the test day was associated with slightly higher systolic blood pressure at rest and with smaller increases due to ergometer cycling. The latter was confirmed by a similar relation with saliva caffeine concentrations measured in a subsample (n = 200). These findings are discussed in terms of a transient stabilising effect of caffeine on blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Interdependence of associations of physical activity, smoking, and alcohol and coffee consumption with serum high-density lipoprotein and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol--a population study in eastern Finland.

The interdependence of the associations of physical activity, smoking, and consumption of alcohol and coffee with serum high-density lipoprotein and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations was studied in 9,347 persons ages 25-64 years from east and southwest Finland. In covariance analyses with corrections for age, body mass index, saturated fat index, and fasting time, the mean adjusted serum high-density lipoprotein to non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was high among physically active male non-smokers but not among smokers (P = 0.024 for two-way interaction). The cholesterol ratio was lower among both men (P = 0.010 for two-way interaction) and women (P = 0.030 for two-way interaction) reporting no or very little use of alcohol, and this association was stronger among smokers and women with high coffee consumption (P less than 0.001 for two-way interaction). Our data suggest that the elevating effect of regular physical exercise on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be absent in smokers, whereas that of alcohol is greater in smokers than nonsmokers. High coffee consumption associates with decreased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in smokers but increased levels in non-smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Bladder cancer and coffee drinking: a summary of case-control research.

An association between coffee drinking and cancer of the lower urinary tract (LUT) was first suggested 20 years ago and has been the subject of many epidemiological studies. We have undertaken a critical review and statistical summary of 35 case-control studies of this association published between 1971 and 1992. Predefined methodological criteria were applied to the available reports. Studies were classified as either meeting the criteria (core studies) or failing to satisfy at least one of the requirements for design or analysis (non-core studies). The summarised data from the 8 core studies showed no evidence of an increase in risk of LUT cancer with coffee drinking in men or women after adjustment for the effects of cigarette smoking (odds ratio 1.07 [95% CI 1.00-1.14] for men, 0.91 [0.81-1.03] for women). The measures of association from the non-core studies were higher on average than those from the core studies, although the inclusion of these data in an overall summarised estimate did not substantially change the findings from the core analysis. We conclude that the best available data do not suggest a clinically important association between the regular use of coffee and development of cancer of the LUT in men or women.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1984

Investigation of coffee in sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus tests in vivo.

Administration of a single oral dose of instant coffee to Chinese hamsters at levels up to 2.5 g/kg body weight did not increase the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. Furthermore, five consecutive daily oral doses of instant coffee given to Swiss OF-1 mice up to 3 g/kg/day did not induce increases in micronuclei above spontaneous levels. Similarly, no effect was observed in the micronucleus test after mice received two oral doses of coffee aroma of up to 50 ml/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Coffee and tea consumption in relation to the risk of large bowel cancer: a review of epidemiologic studies.

Most of the few epidemiologic investigations of the relation of methylxanthine ingestion to risk of large bowel cancer have concerned coffee consumption. A slightly increased risk in coffee drinkers was suggested by one study, no association by another and an inverse association by four, but there was a statistically significant trend across levels of consumption in only one of the latter studies. Based on the data on hand, there is little reason for concern that coffee consumption increases the risk. Although some evidence suggests an inverse association, the data are not compelling and a biologic mechanism is not established. There is even less information on tea consumption and the relation of consumption of this beverage to risk of large bowel cancer is unknown.

Coffee↗
PubMed1994

Cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding coffee bean alpha-galactosidase.

Purified coffee bean alpha-galactosidase (alpha Gal) has been used for removing terminal alpha-galactose residues from the glyco-conjugates at the red cell surface, in studies of blood group conversion. Here, we report the isolation and sequence of the full-length clone for coffee bean alpha Gal by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. The cDNA clone (1.4 kb) contains a single open reading frame which encodes a protein of 378 amino acids (aa). Its authenticity is confirmed by perfect alignment of aa sequences obtained from purified coffee bean alpha Gal, and by immune reaction with the antibody raised against the enzyme. Furthermore, the protein produced in insect cells shows enzymatic activity towards a synthetic alpha Gal substrate, p-nitro-phenyl-alpha-galactopyranoside.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

The consumption of cigarettes, coffee and sweets in detoxified alcoholics and its association with relapse and a family history of alcoholism.

Thirty male alcohol dependent inpatients without concurrent depressive disorder, 13 of them with a positive family history of alcohol dependence in a first degree relative (PFH), were questioned about their desire and consumption habits with respect to cigarettes, coffee, and sweets while on a three-week inpatient treatment after detoxification from alcohol. Six weeks after discharge from hospital, the patients were reassessed for relapse. Eleven patients (36.6%) had relapsed at follow-up. Relapsers were younger than abstainers. The days until relapse correlated negatively with intensity of desire to drink alcohol, desire to smoke cigarettes, and with a higher consumption of cigarettes. PFH patients did not relapse earlier but they had a stronger desire to drink coffee and eat sweets and had a higher coffee consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Phylogenetic origins of African and Neotropical Beauveria bassiana s.l. pathogens of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei.

A phylogenetic epidemiological study of Beauveria bassiana s.l. was conducted for African and Neotropical pathogens of the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, based on inferences from two nuclear intergenic regions, EFutr and Bloc. CBB pathogens were distributed among four terminal clades, however, the majority of African and Neotropical isolates cluster in a well-supported monophyletic group, informally designated AFNEO_1. Although the relationship between African and Neotropical AFNEO_1 is unresolved, the majority of alleles detected were exclusive to either the African or the Neotropical populations. These fixed genetic differences suggest that their disjunction predates the world trade in coffee. Neotropical AFNEO_1 have a broad host range and CBB pathogens are intermixed phylogenetically with isolates from diverse indigenous insects. Several Neotropical AFNEO_1 isolates were isolated from coffee plants as epiphytes or endophytes, thus plants themselves may potentially serve as reservoirs of pathogens against their insect pests. Topological incongruence between the EFutr and Bloc phylogenies of Neotropical AFNEO_1 may signify that individuals within this population are recombining.

Africa↗
PubMed2006

Stimulatory effect of oral administration of tea, coffee or caffeine on UVB-induced apoptosis in the epidermis of SKH-1 mice.

Oral administration of green tea or a caffeine solution, but not decaffeinated green tea, inhibits UVB-induced complete carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice. Oral administration of green tea, coffee or a caffeine solution for 2 weeks enhanced UVB-induced increases in apoptosis in the epidermis, but these treatments had no effect in non-UVB treated normal epidermis. Our results suggest that administration of green tea, coffee and caffeine may inhibit UVB-induced carcinogenesis--at least in part--by enhancing UVB-induced apoptosis. Plasma levels of caffeine observed after its oral administration at cancer-preventive dose levels were within the range observed in moderate coffee drinkers. Topical applications of caffeine to mice previously treated with UVB for 20 weeks (high risk mice without tumors) inhibited the formation of tumors and stimulated apoptosis in the tumors but not in areas of the epidermis away from tumors. The selective effects of caffeine administration to stimulate UVB-induced apoptosis or apoptosis in tumors but not in normal epidermis or in areas of the epidermis away from tumors is of considerable interest, but the reasons for the selective effects of caffeine on apoptosis in DNA damaged tissues are unknown. Further studies are needed to determine mechanisms of these effects of caffeine and to determine the effects of caffeine administration on sunlight-induced actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinomas in humans.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Moderate coffee and alcohol consumption improves the estrogen metabolite profile in adjuvant treated breast cancer patients: a pilot study comparing pre- and post-operative levels.

Most, but not all, studies have found that women with a high urinary 2-hydroxyestrogen (2OHE) to 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16alphaOHE1) ratio are at reduced risk for breast cancer and have a better prognosis. The aim was to identify factors associated with the pre-operative 2OHE to 16alphaOHE1 ratio and factors that predicted the change in the ratio between the pre-operative visit and first follow-up visit three to six months post-operatively among 59 women with primary ER positive breast cancer tumors. Body measurements, questionnaires and blood samples for measurements of the 2OHE and 16alphaOHE1 plasma levels and CYP1A2 *1F genotyping were collected at both visits. Post-operatively, 15 women received tamoxifen, 30 women tamoxifen and radiotherapy concomitantly, and 14 women radiotherapy. The pre-operative ratio was not correlated with tumor characteristics, but was significantly higher in women who consumed three or more cups of coffee daily (p = 0.009). The number of CYP1A2 *1F C-alleles was correlated with a lower ratio at both visits (p = 0.13 and p = 0.02, respectively). The ratio increased between the two visits in 69.5% of the women. The factors associated with a significant increase in the ratio were concomitant tamoxifen and radiotherapy (p = 0.006), increasing alcohol consumption (p = 0.006), and a high coffee consumption (p = 0.03), but not age or CYP1A2 *1F genotype. In this pilot study, breast cancer patients who started tamoxifen during radiotherapy and who had a moderate coffee and alcohol consumption demonstrated a significant improvement in their estrogen metabolite profile between the pre- and post-operative visits.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗