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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Acrylic bone cement induces the production of free radicals by cultured human fibroblasts.

Arthroplasty with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement induces late loosening phenomena that compromise the prosthetic stability. As free radicals are inflammatory mediators and cytotoxic, it seemed useful to investigate whether PMMA induces the liberation of free radicals and/or cytotoxicity. The effect of PMMA interaction on cultured human fibroblasts was accessed by the cell viability test (MTT), and by the measurement of lipoperoxides in the incubation medium. The incubation with the medium exposed to PMMA induced a significant reduction in the viability and a significant increase in lipoperoxide liberation (vs control). These data suggest that PMMA is cytotoxic. This effect seems to be mediated by lipoperoxide and possibly by other free radicals, and may explain the peri-implant loosening phenomena that compromise the prosthetic stability.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1995

Creep characteristics of hand- and vacuum-mixed acrylic bone cement at elevated stress levels.

Compressive creep testing of cylindrical specimens machined from two commercial self-polymerizing acrylic bone cements demonstrated measurable creep strains with higher creep strains for the hand-mixed cement specimens compared to vacuum-mixed cement ones. The average creep strains of hand-mixed cement, after 6 h of constant load, ranged from 0.11% at 10.5 MPa to 14.0% at 50 MPa of applied stress. Vacuum mixing reduced the average creep strain to 6.7% after 6 h of applied stress at 50 MPa. There were no significant differences in the creep response between the two types of acrylic cements. The difference in creep resistance of the two cements was reduced after vacuum mixing (P = .013), which also significantly reduced the cement's internal porosity.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1979

Bending properties of wire-reinforced bone cement for applications in spinal fixation.

PMMA beam specimens were tested in four-point bending to determine if the bending strength of acrylic bone cement, as used in posterior spinal fusion, could be improved by metal-wire reinforcement. The result showed that the load-carrying capacities of 1- and 0.5-mm diam stainless-steel-wire-reinforced PMMA specimens in bending were significantly higher than similar unreinforced normal PMMA samples. On an average, steel reinforcement comprising approximately 1% of the cross-sectional area of the PMMA specimens caused a 15% increase in bending strength. Even after the cement fractured, the reinforcing wires still sustained an appreciable amount of bending moment, thus preventing catastrophic failure of cement alone.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed2007

Acrylic bone cements with bismuth salicylate: Behavior in simulated physiological conditions.

In a previous work, we reported the development of acrylic bone cement formulations for application in percutaneous vertebroplasty, by using bismuth salicylate (BS) as the radiopaque agent. Our objective was to obtain high radiopacity along with a therapeutical effect produced by the release of salicylic acid in situ. To follow that study, the setting kinetics and static and dynamical mechanical properties of the BS cements were studied in simulated physiological conditions. Moreover, radiopacity after various times of immersion in saline and the wettability of the cements surfaces were determined. The study finished with the analysis of the biological response. From the results, it can be concluded that physiological conditions did not affect negatively to the cements performance, since all BS-loaded cements fulfilled the ISO standard requirements. Radiopacity of the formulations was maintained over time and cements with BS were found to be biocompatible.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1992

Biocompatibility of particulate polymethylmethacrylate bone cements: a comparative study in vitro and in vivo.

The biocompatibility of particles of four different commercial polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cements was evaluated by exposing human synovial fibroblasts and mouse peritoneal macrophages to particles of cement. Cell integrity and inflammatory potential were assessed using enzyme release and microscopical examination. Results suggested the occurrence of cell damage in both cell types and macrophage studies indicated inflammatory potential. The response in vivo was investigated by intra-articular injection of the particles into mouse knee joints. Clinical and histological evaluation was performed over 2-52 wk. Particles of all four cements were well tolerated in the joints.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1977

[Cerebral fat emboli. Apropos of a case of a peroperative complication associated with the use of a bone cement in orthopedic surgery].

A case of a per-operative complication associated with the use of a bone cement in orthopaedic surgery is reported. Pathological study revealed the presence of massive fat emboli : pulmonary and cerebral. There were recent infarcts throughout the cerebral cortex, unrelated to arterial topography. The physiopathology of these unusual cerebral lesions ;n association with fat emboli is discussed. They would appear to be related to the particularly abundant and voluminous nature of the fat emboli.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed2004

Bone cements: review of their physiochemical and biochemical properties in percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for aggressive vertebral hemangiomas, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, spinal metastases, and myelomas. As percutaneous vertebroplasty is more commonly performed to treat various forms of back pain, new or modified cements are being used. This review examines the physiochemical and biomechanical properties of various bone cements and additives.

Back Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Compression hip screw fixation with bone cement in trochanteric fractures].

Internal fixation with compression hip screw (DHS) of trochanteric fractures in osteoporotic patients may be followed by failure of fixation. The most common failure is represented by the "cut-out" of the screw. This complication may occur in 4-10% of unstable trochanteric fractures. In order to avoid such a problem we chose a technical solution that offers a good fixation of the screw in the femoral head. The technique, described by Bartucci, was used in a 78 years old female with unstable trochanteric fracture and severe osteoporosis. The postoperative result was very good and no mechanical complications were noted. We consider that the technique of augmentation of fixation using acrylic bone cement may be a solution in such cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Quincke's edema in a dialysis patient after administration of acrylic bone cement: possible role of ethylene oxide allergy.

A 33-year-old female dialysis patient suffered from osteomyelitis and luxation of the dens axis with cervical myelopathy. In the past she had had three attacks of anaphylaxis after treatment with dialyzers that had been sterilized with ethylene oxide. IgE-type antibodies directed against human serum albumin-ethylene oxide complexes could be demonstrated in the patient's serum by radioallergosorbent techniques. Immediately after an operation in which acrylic bone cement (Palacos-R) sterilized with ethylene oxide was implanted for stabilization of the cervical spine, the patient developed massive edema of the larynx, pharynx, and tongue, suggesting Quincke's edema. It is concluded that ethylene oxide present in acrylic bone cement may induce acute allergic reactions in sensitized patients. Dialysis patients may be at special risk, since the incidence of ethylene oxide allergy in this patient population is about 10%.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Reducing the risk of deep wound infection in primary joint arthroplasty with antibiotic bone cement.

Despite significant advances in intraoperative antimicrobial procedures, deep wound infection remains the most serious complication associated with primary, cemented total joint arthroplasty. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate studies of antibiotic bone cement prophylaxis for reducing the risk of deep wound infection. The literature included 22 articles providing estimates of the prophylactic effectiveness of antibiotic cement. In reducing deep wound infection, antibiotic cement was consistently superior to plain cement, similar to systematic antiobiotics, and independent and additive in effect when combined with other prophylactic measures. Randomized controlled trials in particular had important methodological limitations. However, the collective results nearly unanimously favored prophylactic use of antibiotic cement in primary arthoplasty procedures.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Effect of mixing method on selected properties of acrylic bone cement.

The present study was an investigation of the effect of the method of mixing the constituents of CMW3 bone cement on selected physical and mechanical properties of the fully polymerized cement. Five such methods were used: hand mixing; "active" vacuum mixing; mixing in a machine that allowed simultaneous mechanical mixing and centrifugation; mixing using this machine followed by application of a "passive" vacuum; and application of a passive vacuum followed by mixing in the machine. It was found that the best overall results were obtained from cement that had been mixed using the second and fifth methods and the values of the properties were: density, 1220 to 1246 kg/m3; areal porosity, 0.02 to 7.04%; ultimate compressive strength, 84 to 112 MPa; ultimate compressive strain, 5.1 to 6.4%; and compressive modulus of elasticity, 2249 to 2877 MPa.

Acrylates↗
PubMed2002

Differences in bone-cement porosity by vacuum mixing, centrifugation, and hand mixing.

The mean pore size and percent porosity of vacuum-mixed cement were compared with centrifuged cement and cement hand mixed by skilled specialized operating room technicians. Centrifuged cement samples had the smallest mean pore size when compared with vacuum-mixed specimens. The mean pore size for the hand-mixed specimens was intermediate and not significantly different from the other 2 mixing techniques. Results were reversed, however, for mean percent porosity. Centrifuged cement had the highest percent porosity; vacuum-mixed cement, the lowest; and hand-mixed cement, intermediate. The porosity of vacuum-mixed Simplex P (Howmedica, Rutherford, NJ) bone-cement was similar from the initial to the remnant cement extruded from the cement gun. There was no reduced cement porosity with vacuum mixing or centrifugation as anticipated. Reversion to hand mixing by highly skilled technicians could result in a significant cost savings without negative effects on cement porosity.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1998

New starch-based thermoplastic hydrogels for use as bone cements or drug-delivery carriers.

The development of new biodegradable hydrogels, based on corn starch/cellulose acetate blends, produced by free-radical polymerization with methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) and/or an acrylic acid monomer (AA), is reported. The polymerization was initiated by a redox system consisting of a benzoyl peroxide and 4-dimethlyaminobenzyl alcohol at low temperature. These hydrogels may constitute an alternative to the materials currently used as bone cements or drug-delivery carriers. Swelling studies were carried out, as a function of pH and temperature, in buffered solutions. The xerogels were further characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Tensile and compression tests, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis were used to assess the mechanical performance of the developed materials. The fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The developed materials are sensitive to the pH, showing a clear reversible transition in a relatively narrow interval of pH, which is just in the range of physiological conditions. These properties make the materials developed in this study very promising for biomedical applications. Fickian-type diffusion is the mechanism predominant in these systems, except for the composition with a higher concentration of AA, that corresponds to the most desirable kinetical behavior for controlled release (case II-transport mechanism). Furthermore, the results obtained in the mechanical tests are in the range of those reported for typical PMMA bone cements, showing that it is possible to develop partially degradable cements with an adequate mechanical behavior.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Hydrophilic matrices to be used as bioactive and degradable bone cements.

Two different hydrophilic systems were investigated regarding their suitability to be used as enzymatically degradable and highly bioactive bone cements. They contained either acrylic acid (AA) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as the hydrophilic monomer. Swelling, degradation, mechanical and bioactivity tests were employed to characterise their behaviour. Although both of the systems were very hydrophilic, only the one containing HEMA was able to form an apatite-like layer on its surface. Moreover, this system could be degraded by amylolytic enzymes at a rate easily controlled by the incorporation of different amounts of enzyme to the formulation, as shown by the evolution of the mechanical properties, weight loss and glucose concentration in the solution. These results show these novel systems have a great potential to induce bone ingrowth inside the pores created during the degradation of the material, therefore establishing a strong interface with the tissue.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1982

Transient and residual stresses and displacements in self-curing bone cement - Part II: thermoelastic analysis of the stem fixation system.

In this second part of a two-part report, an idealized model of the stem fixation system is analyzed to determine the adverse effects of the thermal stresses and displacements of bone cement during its curing process. The Shaffer-Levitsky stress-rate strain-rate law for chemically hardening material has been used. The results show that if the cement is surrounded by cancellous bone, as opposed to cortical bone, then transient tensile circumferential stresses in the cement and similar radial stresses at the stem/cement interface are generated. The former may cause flaws and voids within the still cement, while the latter may cause gaps at the interface.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed2006

Intraspinal leakage of bone cement after vertebroplasty: a report of 3 cases.

We report 3 cases of vertebroplasty-induced intraspinal leakage of bone cement that were referred to us for management. Two patients received decompressive surgery, and one received rehabilitation. The gross surgical finding of yellowish dura mater and intradural fibrosis, adhesion, and microscopic finding of arachnoid membrane fibrosis are suggestive of late effect of thermal injury. These patients had residual lower extremity weakness and urinary and stool problems 13 months, 3 years, and 4.75 years post-vertebroplasty, respectively.

Aged↗