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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2007

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring technology: recent advances and evolving uses.

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has evolved over the last 25 years to become an important component of many types of orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures. From its foundations in VIII cranial nerve surgeries and scoliosis corrections surgeries, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has expanded to incorporate nearly all spine procedures and many involving the brain and brainstem. Fundamental to this growth in the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has been the development of the technology used to perform the neurophysiological tests. Advancements in electronics and computer technology have resulted in significant improvements in the capacity, ease of use, quality and reliability of the equipment as well as the quality of and control over the acquired data. These technological advancements have resulted in remarkable improvements in not only the quality and availability of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, but also, as a consequence, patient care, and have arguably propelled the expansion of the use that intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has seen over the last 10 years.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2006

Toward a sustainable European Network for Health Technology Assessment. The EUnetHTA project.

EUnetHTA is a recently initiated EU network aiming at connecting national HTA agencies, research institutions, and health ministries to enable an effective exchange of information and to lend support to health policy decisions by the Member States. The article briefly discusses the policy background, the specific objectives, and the project structure of the network.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2003

Use of health-related quality of life in prescribing research. Part 1: why evaluate health-related quality of life?

Clinicians, regulatory authorities, and pharmaceutical companies increasingly recognize the importance of assessing the patient's perspective on the impact of disease and its treatment on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This article describes the importance of assessing HRQoL, particularly in patients with chronic disease, provides examples of the different types of instrument available for measuring HRQoL and considers how such assessment can aid medical-decision making. In addition we consider the potential role of HRQoL assessment in routine clinical practice, and its use in licensing and health technology appraisal.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transporting values by technology transfer.

The introduction of new medical technologies into a developing country is usually greeted with enthusiasm as the possible benefits become an object of great anticipation and provide new hope for therapy or relief. The prompt utilization of new discoveries and inventions by a medical practitioner serves as a positive indicator of high standing in the professional community. But the transfer of medical technology also involves a transfer of concomitant values. There is a danger that, in the process of adopting a particular technology, the user takes for granted the general utility and desirability of the implements and procedures under consideration without recognizing the socio-cultural peculiarities of the adopting country. A sensitivity to the social conditions and cultural traditions is important so that the emergence of new values can be examined critically and the transfer of necessary technology can be effected smoothly. In the Philippines, efforts to boost patronage of transplant technology appear to have overlooked this need for socio-cultural sensitivity. Legislative fiat cannot be used to override deep-seated values. There is a need to be more sensitive to the possible confrontation of values that the transfer of technology brings in order to avoid the erosion of indigenous socio-cultural values and minimize the intrusiveness of beneficial medical technology.

Altruism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rearing the child who is technology dependent: perceptions of parents and home care nurses.

ISSUES AND PURPOSE: Most children who are dependent on technology for survival live with their families at home. This study explores the perceptions of parents and home care nurses regarding rearing the technology-dependent child. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this qualitative study, interviews were conducted with 16 parents whose child is technology dependent and 15 registered nurses who provided home care. RESULTS: Rearing the child who is technology dependent is similar to but different from raising other children. Parental communication and negotiation of child-rearing expectations with home care nurses is essential. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Improved collaboration and communication between parents and nurses may reduce parental stress and enhance development for children who are dependent on technology.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Microtechnology applications for medical instrumentation.

The recent progresses in microtechnologies open new possibilities in terms of design, cost reductions, improve performances and, moreover, open new fields of applications in surgical instrumentation. Microtechnology techniques will lead to reconsider the design of medical instrumentation. Surgical tools should not be thought as mechanical systems but as surgical components ("surgical chips") designed with micro-technologies and including microsensors/microactuactors.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2005

Next-generation wireless monitoring for body and mind.

Next-generation remote-monitoring devices may achieve the dual goals of boosting the effectiveness of the healthcare sector as a whole and empowering users to take control of their health status. One technology centre, operating an open innovation partnership model, is looking for partners to be involved in developing a generic smart technology platform that will make this goal a reality.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2003

Health technology assessment: the contribution of qualitative research.

The pragmatism in health care has made health technology assessment (HTA) restrict its scope to a particular set of problems, c.q. methods. The "multidisciplinary and comprehensive nature" of HTA, as the concept is presented in certain definitions, is lacking. Health care is also dominated by a positivistic-rationalistic approach of evaluation. In contrast, social studies of evaluations learn that a major difference has to be made between scientific research on (potential) impact of a technology and valuing these effects. In this contribution, we will discuss how the positivistic scientific bias of current HTA practice can be made up with other research traditions. More specifically, we focus on the question of how social scientists and particularly how qualitative research can contribute to HTA, complementary to positivistic studies of evidence and efficacy.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2006

Health technology assessment.

Health technology assessment (HTA) involves the systematic evaluation of healthcare technologies and the dissemination of assessment findings. Its main purpose is to provide objective information to support healthcare decisions and policy-making. This article provides a brief overview of HTA, covering availability of assessment reports, approaches used, relevance and reliability of assessments and the influence of HTA. HTA reports vary greatly in their scope and complexity, because of the range of questions considered and the needs of those who request advice on health technologies. A key to the reliability of an HTA report is its transparency. Explicit information should be provided on the question that is addressed, data used, approach to analysis, and any assumptions that are made. Effectiveness of HTA--the extent to which it influences decisions--will be highly dependent on how well assessment findings are disseminated.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2003

Frankensteins and cyborgs: visions of the global future in an age of technology.

This paper draws attention to the role of representation in the depiction of scientific and technological innovation as a means of understanding the narratives that circulate concerning the shape of things to come. It considers how metaphors play an important part in the conduct of scientific explanation, and how they do more than describe the world in helping also to shape expectations, normalise particular choices, establish priorities and create needs. In surveying the range of metaphorical responses to the digital and biotechnological age, we will see how technologies are regarded both as 'endangerment' and 'promise.' What we believe 'technology' is doing to 'us' reflects important implicit philosophies of technology and its relationship to human agency and political choice; yet we also need to be alert to the assumptions about 'human nature' itself which inform such reactions. The paper argues that embedded in the various representations implicit in the new technologies are crucial issues of identity, community and justice: what it means to be (post)human, who is (and who is not) entitled to the rewards of technological advancement, what priorities (and whose interests) will inform the shape of global humanity into the next century.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2005

Clinical information technology in hospitals: a comparison between the state of Iowa and two provinces in Canada.

Despite the growing interest in adopting information technology (IT) in healthcare, the degree of technology sophistication varies among healthcare organizations. Changes in the health care sector and continuous pressure to improve the quality of care have driven the evolution of IT in hospitals. This paper provides an overview of clinical IT sophistication in a sample of U.S. hospitals, and compares clinical IT capacities in this sample with a sample of Canadian hospitals. The instrument used for the comparison measures three clinical dimensions of IT sophistication: functional sophistication, technological sophistication and integration level. Clinical areas that were considered include patient management, patient care activities and clinical support activities. The comparison between hospitals in Iowa and Canada shows differences in clinical IT sophistication between the two settings. Hospitals in Iowa appear to have more technologies but fewer computerized processes and integration of patient management activities. Technological sophistication however, was low in both samples. Our findings confirm the construct validity of the measurement instrument and show initial evidence of its generalizability. More initiatives using the instrument would lead to enhancement in IT assessment tools that can be used for evaluation of IT in relation to patient management and quality outcomes.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2006

[The German Network for Evidence-based Medicine -- DNEbM].

The German Network for Evidence-based Medicine (DNEbM) was founded in October 2000. A major impetus for the development of evidence-based medicine (EBM) in Germany came in the mid-1990s from the German Cochrane Initiative, which referred to the principles and activities of the international Cochrane Collaboration. The Network's primary mission is to establish a competence and reference centre for all aspects of evidence-based medicine. Central to this mission is to encourage projects that are concerned with scientific and methodological problems, aspects of professional development and the question of how to translate EBM into clinical practice. With currently more than 600 individual members the DNEbM is the most important society concerned with EBM in the German-speaking region in Europe. Until now, the DNEbM has initiated the development of curricula for EBM and health technology assessment (HTA) for undergraduate and continuing medical education. In addition, position papers regarding hot topics such as prostate cancer screening with PSA or registration of randomised controlled trials were published. The Network's HTA section comprises experts from universities, institutes, health care administration and industry. Currently, the HTA section is developing an Internet-based course for users and doers of HTA reports in Germany.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed1993

Developing and delivering new medical technologies: issues beyond access.

The articles in this issue illuminate psychosocial issues raised by the development and delivery of new medical technologies. Five kinds of questions surface repeatedly: questions about a technology's purpose(s), the value judgments it presumes, the locus of its control, the external forces that drive it, and its long-term social risks. These questions take the discussion of new technologies beyond the challenge of improving access to their benefits. They also raise issues that will become increasingly important as the capabilities of medical technology expand. For example, they suggest research questions for three other emerging medical technologies: use of biosynthetic growth hormone to treat short stature in hormonally normal children, genetic tests on fetal cells from the circulating maternal blood, and development of clinically reliable biomarkers of the aging process. Part Three of this issue provides a theoretical basis for encouraging psychosocial perspectives in this area, by illustrating the central role that "robust," multifaceted analysis has come to play within the methods of bioethics.

Aging↗