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Results for “BARBITURIC ACID”

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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Distribution of free amino acids in coma due to acute barbiturate poisoning in guinea pigs.

The cerebral protein and amino acid concentrations in guinea pigs coma due to barbiturate poisoning have been studies. Some significant alterations in systemic and central amino acid patterns have been found, giving rise to a hypothesis about the biochemical pathways involved in the coma. An attempt to correlate the amino acid changes and cerebral energetic 'need' is also reported.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Haloethylene-related compounds of industrial, environmental, and medical significance.

A broad-based literature survey was made for chemicals that contain either a haloethylene or a related substructure. Two hundred and sixty-two compounds, including synthetic intermediates, pesticides, solvents, drugs, food components, natural products, and metabolites, are grouped by their structures. Some are in current use or are bioavailable while little exposure is expected from others. As more biologic-response information is reported for small compounds of these types, it should become possible to select others for research on additional questions of structure-activity relationships. Some of the compounds are widespread while others are not. Some are used or found in large amounts while others may be trace contaminants, minor or more major by-products of synthesis or isolation. The pesticides and solvents, for example, are knowingly and often deliberately released to the environment, sometimes in very large quantities. Inadvertent release also occurs, sometimes referred to as fugitive emission. Food contaminants and drugs are directly accessible to humans. Sparsely distributed natural products could be accessible to humans, for example, via the food chain. Some of the compounds in food may be formed during preparation, storage or metabolically. Last, the haloethylene function has often been synthesized into compounds in order to achieve desired biologic activities. There are many types and degrees of relatedness of structure, depending upon atomic dimensions and stereochemical, polar, resonance, and other factors. Furthermore, for some chemical series, biologic responses are continuously variable while, in other cases, it is not uncommon that qualitatively different types of response occur with apparently very close homologs. Genetic, metabolic, and behavioral factors affecting response must also be considered. Thus, safety or hazard cannot yet be predicted conclusively by apparent relatedness of structure alone. Also, since the tables are noncomprehensive, some relevant compounds have likely been omitted. The haloalkanes, for example, are not here because of their large number, despite the knowledge that some are either metabolized or nonbiologically converted to haloalkenes.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1991

t-[35S]butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions: differential effects of barbiturates and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the long-sleep and short-sleep selected mouse lines.

Significant differences were demonstrated between the long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) selected mouse lines in the abilities of barbiturates and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to inhibit t-[35S]butylbicyclophosphorothionate [( 35S]TBPS) binding to well-washed cerebral cortical membranes. Thus, using phenobarbital to initiate the dissociation of [35S]TBPS, the extent of inhibition was significantly greater in LS mice (but not SS mice) than would be predicted using equilibrium conditions. Pentobarbital had the opposite effect, causing [35S]TBPS to dissociate to a greater extent in SS than LS membranes. [35S]TBPS binding was dissociated from LS and SS membranes by GABA to a greater and lesser extent, respectively, than would be predicted from equilibrium studies. Because no line differences in the potencies of these drugs to inhibit [35S]TBPS binding were found using equilibrium conditions, these results indicate that the association rates of barbiturates and GABA may be different between these lines. These findings are consistent with neurochemical studies indicating differences in the benzodiazepine/GABA receptor-chloride channel complex in these selected lines and may explain their differential sensitivities to certain agents acting through this supramolecular complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of the oxazolidinedione anticonvulsants trimethadione and dimethadione and the barbiturate homolog 5,5-dimethylbarbituric acid on N-nitrosodiethylamine-initiated renal and hepatic carcinogenesis in the F344/NCr rat.

The oxazolidinedione anticonvulsant trimethadione (3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione, TMO) as well as its major metabolite, dimethadione (5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione, DMO), and a structural analog from the barbiturate series, 5,5-dimethylbarbituric acid (DMB), were fed to F344/NCr male rats previously given a single initiating injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). The known promoter, phenobarbital (5-ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid, PB), was employed in this study as a positive control. At dosage levels equimolar to 500 ppm PB, none of the three compounds promoted development of hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas, in contrast to PB. The two oxazolidinedione analogs and DMB caused minimal or no induction of cytochrome P450 isozyme 2B1 (CYP2B1)-mediated alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activities following short-term (2 weeks) feeding to separate groups of 6-week-old male F344/NCr rats, in contrast to the dramatic induction caused by PB. Promotion of neither thyroid nor renal neoplasia was observed following prolonged feeding of any of the tested compounds, although a significantly higher frequency of premalignant renal cortical tubular lesions (dysplasias) was seen in rats exposed to TMO following NDEA initiation than in those treated with NDEA alone. These studies provide important additional data on structure/liver tumor promoting activity relationships, and yield further evidence that within this group of structurally related anticonvulsants, it is possible to separate anticonvulsant activity from tumor promoting activity in the rat liver.

Animals↗