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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Foetal alcohol syndrome: a cephalometric analysis of patients and controls.

Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) consists of multi-system abnormalities and is caused by the excessive intake of alcohol during pregnancy. The teratogenic effect of alcohol on the human foetus has now been established beyond reasonable doubt and FAS is the most important human teratogenic condition known today. The purpose of this study was to analyse the craniofacial parameters of children with FAS and compare them with matched controls. Ninety children diagnosed with FAS (45 males, 45 females) and 90 controls were matched for age, gender, and social class. The mean age of the FAS children was 8.9 years with the controls slightly older at 9.1 years. This age difference was not significant (P = 0.34). A standard lateral cephalometric radiograph of each subject was taken. The radiographs were digitized for 20 linear and 17 angular measurements. These 37 variables were formulated to assess the size, shape, and relative position of three craniofacial complexes: (1) the cranial base, (2) midface, and (3) mandible. In addition, nine variables were computed to compare the soft tissue profiles. The study showed that measurements related to face height and mandibular size appear to be the most important features when distinguishing FAS children. Overall, the FAS children in the present study presented with vertically and horizontally underdeveloped maxillae, together with features of long face syndrome with large gonial angles and a short ramus in relation to total face height. There was also a tendency for the development of an anterior open bite, which appears to be compensated for by an increase in the vertical dimension of the anterior alveolar process to bring the incisor teeth into occlusion. The latter adaptation occurred mainly in the mandible.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Rigid internal fixation of a displaced mandibular coronoid fracture.

A report of the open treatment of the extremely rare displaced coronoid fracture of the mandible is presented. The previously predicted but undocumented oblique submuscular fracture from the depth of the mandibular notch to a point immediately behind the distal end of the alveolar process allowed displacement to occur. Use of plate and screw fixation for this exceedingly unusual injury avoided maxillomandibular fixation and was of benefit to this seizure-prone patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Surgical planning and correction of medial craniofacial cleft.

In the framework of malformations that concerns the craniofacial area, the orbit is often involved because it represents the border structure between the neurocranium and the splanchnocranium. In these malformations it is very easy to find hypertelorism. Tessier classified clefts rising from the anterior skullbase and involving the maxilla and the alveolar process, as medial or 0 = 14 clefts. We report on a 2-year-old patient, treated with cranial decompression at an early age, suffering from this kind of malformation. To correct it, the surgical technique of facial bipartition was used. This technique, used for the first time by Tessier and then modified by Stricker and colleagues, allows the simultaneous correction of the orbits and maxilla. It is very important to make a correct diagnosis, to plan for surgery carefully for patients suffering from this kind of pathology, and to prescribe the most effective therapy. A computerized analysis system, based on the study of teleradiographic images and on three-dimensional computed tomography, to quantify the extent of the malformation and to define surgical planning was developed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2004

Influence of the Furlow palatoplasty for patients with submucous cleft palate on facial growth.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the facial growth in patients with submucous cleft palate operated on using the Furlow palatoplasty. A total of 30 patients with submucous cleft palate underwent Furlow palatoplasty from 1993 to 1998. The mean follow-up period was 4 years and 3 months. Twenty-five of 30 patients were followed up. Mid-facial growth was measured using lateral cephalograms in 18 patients whose age was greater than 8 years. The parameters obtained in the lateral cephalogram were compared with those of a healthy population in Korea. Eleven (61.1%) of 18 patients observed were within the clinical normal range for the age group for the parameter of the span between the anterior nasal spine and posterior nasal spine, 6 patients (33.3%) were over the range, and 1 patient (5.6%) was below the range. For the sella-nasion-subspinale angle, 55.6% of patients were within the clinical normal range, 27.8% were over the range, and 16.6% were below the range. For the sella-nasion-supramentale angle, 55.6% of patients were within the clinical normal range, 22.2% were over the range, and 22.2% were below the range. For the sella-nasion-subspinale-sella-nasion-supramentale angle, 72.2% of patients were within the clinical normal range, 27.8% were over the range, and none were below the range. For the span between the basion and posterior nasal spine, 50.0% of patients were within the clinical normal range, 27.8% were over the range, and 22.2% were below the range. In conclusion, our results suggest that the Furlow palatoplasty is a useful procedure as an initial treatment of submucous cleft palate and that this technique has a less harmful effect on facial growth because there is no excessive surgical intervention on the hard palate and alveolar process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Intra- and perioperative complications of the LeFort I osteotomy: a prospective evaluation of 1000 patients.

The LeFort I osteotomy has become a routine procedure in elective orthognathic surgery. The authors report the occurrence of intra- or perioperative complications in a series of 1000 consecutive LeFort I osteotomies performed within a 20-year period. In total, 64 (6.4%) patients experienced complications. Anatomical complications affected 26 (2.6%), patients, including 16 (1.6%) with a deviation of the nasal septum and 10 (1.0%) with non-union of the osteotomy gap. Extensive bleeding that required blood transfusion occurred in 11 (1.1%) patients exclusively after bimaxillary corrections; in 1 patient a ligation of the external carotid artery became necessary. Significant infections such as abscesses or maxillary sinusitis occurred in 11 (1.1%) patients. No patient experienced an osteomyelitis. Ischemic complications affected 10 (1.0%) patients, including 2 (0.2%) who experienced an aseptic necrosis of the alveolar process and 8 (0.8%) who, under critical revision, were affected by retractions of the gingiva. Five (0.5%) patients experienced an insufficient fixation of the osteosynthesis material. The risk and the extent of complications was enhanced in patients with anatomical irregularities (eg, in patients with craniofacial dysplasias, orofacial clefts, or vascular anomalies). The risk of ischemic complications was enhanced in extensive dislocations or transversal segmentation of the maxilla. The authors conclude that patients with major anatomical irregularities should be informed about an enhanced risk of Le-Fort I osteotomies. Preoperative planning avoiding transversal segmentation or extensive dislocations of the maxilla should reduce the occurrence of complications. For healthy individuals, the risk of complications with the LeFort I osteotomy is considered low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Study of mandibular alveolar distraction osteogenesis using a three-dimensional computed tomography measurement method: report of four patients, a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to show dimensional and volumetric changes after vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis using a three-dimensional computed tomography measurement method. MATERIALS: Four patients with mandibular alveolar ridge atrophy were evaluated. Three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions were obtained 2 weeks before and 3 months after the operation. The results of the three-dimensional computed tomography measurements were used for preoperative planning and for quantitative assessment of the mandibular alveolar distraction. The results of the preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography measurements were compared statistically using paired t-test. RESULTS: The increase in distracted mandibular segment volume and surface area, height, and width of each slice after distraction were statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In atrophic jaw cases, the dimensions of the present alveolar bone were clearly measured so that the amount of augmentation needed could be estimated. Three-dimensional computed tomography provided better understanding of the effects of distraction osteogenesis on the anterior mandible. Newly formed bone can be viewed as close to its real dimensions after distraction osteogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of pulmonary edema on proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times.

This study was done to determine the effect of permeability pulmonary edema on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times. Permeability edema was induced in rats by the intravenous injection of alloxan in saline. Control animals received only saline. The rats were ventilated through a tracheostomy; and after a time sufficient for the edema to become uniform, they were sacrificed. T1, and T2 and extravascular lung water were measured on lung samples. A linear relationship was found between the relaxation times and the extravascular lung water. Any diffuse alveolar process including pulmonary edema can increase proton density as well. The T1 and T2 relaxation times may be used to distinguish among different causes of increased proton density in the lung.

Alloxan↗
PubMed1995

The repair of localized severe ridge defects for implant placement using mandibular bone grafts.

Severe alveolar deficiencies can prevent ideal implant placement. Management of osseous defects often necessitates autogenous bone grafting. The mandibular symphysis graft technique offers ease of access, good bone quantity for localized repair, a corticocancellous block graft morphology, low morbidity and minimal graft resorption. An improved bone density results along with a shorter healing time as compared with other methods for bone repair. An understanding of graft management and implant placement is essential for clinical success.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1996

Bone augmentation and biopsy: clinical report.

A mixture of demineralized freeze-dried cortical bone and beta-tricalcium phosphate covered by titanium-reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes was used for bone augmentation in an accident case in which a young female patient suffered anterior maxillary damage. Hydroxyapatite-coated implants were placed in the newly formed bone-like material before prosthodontic reconstruction. A biopsy suggests the bone-like material was essentially normal lamellar and woven bone.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1998

The use of a new allograft material for osseous reconstruction associated with dental implants.

This article introduces the use of a new bone graft material. The material is a human collagen allograft resorbable matrix impregnated with demineralized freeze-dried bone granules. This material is harvested from the same donor. A series of three cases of extractions with immediate implant placement accompanied by osseous defects were used to demonstrate the use of this material. Bone cores were harvested at Stage II uncovering of the implants. The histologic and clinical results are reviewed.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2000

A new sinus lift technique in conjunction with placement of 265 implants: a 6-year retrospective study.

A new surgical crestal approach for implant placement in deficient alveolar ridges is presented. Drills of different and increasing lengths allow the surgeon to approach the membrane without risk of tearing it. The study is supported by 265 cases and a 6-year follow-up period (1994-1999). Implants that were 13 and 15 mm in length were inserted, respectively, in 205 and 60 cases. The alveolar ridge height varied between 4 and 10 mm. All implants were HA-coated and had a 3.25-mm diameter. The results of this investigation suggest that this is a reliable and predictable technique for the prosthetic rehabilitation of the maxillary posterior regions in the presence of anatomical restrictions for implant placement.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

The modified trephine/osteotome sinus augmentation technique: technical considerations and discussion of indications.

A technique is presented, which uses trephines of various external diameters followed by an osteotome to implode a core of maxillary posterior alveolar bone before placement of regenerative materials, in anticipation of subsequent implant placement. A mathematical formula is presented, which relates the depth of core displacement to the apico-occlusal dimension of alveolar bone coronal to the floor of the sinus presurgically. Seventy-one sites have been treated. All sites exhibited sufficient regeneration for implant placement. Two of the sites required additional augmentation at the time of implant placement. Fifty-one of the implants have been restored and are in function for up to 3 years. All are functioning successfully, as defined by the Albrektsson criteria. The technique and its indications and contraindications are described in detail.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Microvessel density in alveolar ridge regeneration with autologous and alloplastic bone.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative immunohistochemical evaluation of microvessel density (MVD) in alveolar sites augmented with autologous bone or Bio-Oss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients participated in this study. All patients presented maxillary ridge defects. These defects were filled in a random fashion with autologous bone or Bio-Oss. Endosseous implants were inserted after a mean of 3 months in the sites augmented with autologous bone and after a mean of 6 months in the sites augmented with Bio-Oss. As part of the implant site preparation, a trephine was used to harvest bone cores. As control, bone cores retrieved in nonaugmented sites were used. The mean value of MVD in control bone was 25.6 +/- 3.425. In the sites augmented with autologous bone, the MVD was 29.8 +/- 4.4, while in the sites regenerated with Bio-Oss, the MVD was 29.7 +/- 2.4. The statistical analysis showed that the difference in MVD between control bone and autologous bone (P = 0.057) and between control bone and Bio-Oss (P = 0.023) was statistically significant. The difference between the sites regenerated with autologous bone and those regenerated with Bio-Oss was not significant (P = 0.6889). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that both sites augmented with autologous bone and Bio-Oss presented a higher and statistically significant quantity of microvessels compared with control specimens. No significant differences were found when comparing the MVD of the sites regenerated with autologous bone and those regenerated with Bio-Oss. The retrieval time was, however, a mean of 3 months for the autologous bone sites and a mean of 6 months for the Bio-Oss sites. These data could support the hypothesis of faster healing for the sites augmented with autologous bone.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Clinical, radiographic, histologic, and histomorphometric comparison of PepGen P-15 particulate and PepGen P-15 flow in extraction sockets: a same-mouth case study.

PURPOSE: Although the efficacy of PepGen P-15 particulate has been conclusively demonstrated in two multicenter clinical studies, the effect of a new hydrogel formulation containing PepGen P-15 on bone repair has not been previously demonstrated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PepGen P-15 Flow contains PepGen P-15 particulate in a biocompatible hydrogel, which provides spacing between the particles. In this case study, bone repair of both PepGen P-15 particles and PepGen P-15 Flow was compared to natural bone in same-mouth extraction sockets. RESULTS: The radiographic, histologic, and histomorphometric evaluations showed enhanced bone formation and faster particle resorption with PepGen P-15 Flow compared to the PepGen P-15 particulate. CONCLUSION: The accelerated bone formation by PepGen P-15 Flow may provide faster implant placement.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2004

Treatment options of untreatable traumatized anterior maxillary teeth for future use of dental implantation.

The anterior maxilla is the most traumatized region during childhood. Posttraumatic complications occasionally lead to tooth loss as well as the need for future implants. Unfortunately, it is contraindicated to place dental implants during childhood. A waiting period of approximately 8 to 10 years before completion of growth is required. For this patient to become a candidate for future dental implants, it is necessary to ensure the continuous growth and to preserve the dimensions of the alveolar process until growth has ceased from time of injury until joint maturation. To achieve these goals, it is essential to coordinate the treatment sequence at the time of trauma. After loss of a traumatized anterior permanent maxillary incisor in young adults, treatment options are limited: orthodontic closure of the gap and reshaping the adjacent teeth, or tooth extraction and maintaining the gap with a temporary restoration. Orthdontic space closure has limited indications and requires prosthetic restoration of at least 2 teeth. Extraction and temporary restoration will usually lead to bone augmentation before implantation. Other possible treatment options include orthodontic extrusion of the root remnant (in cases of untreatable root fracture or complicated crown-root fracture) and a temporary crown to serve the patient until the completion of growth and development, autogenous tooth transplantation, intentional extraction and immediate tooth replantation, distraction osteogenesis, and decoronation. Because general rules do not apply, individual treatment plans are necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A maxillary ridge-splitting technique followed by immediate placement of implants: a case report.

Maxillary alveolar atrophy often limits the placement of dental implants. This article reports on a refinement of a technique for widening the atrophic ridge by splitting the alveolar bone longitudinally. Treatment of a patient with a severely resorbed edentulous maxilla is described. Six 4-mm wide by 13-mm long threaded Osseotite implants were placed immediately within the split ridge and surrounded with a mixture of autogenous tuberosity and bovine bone. The advantages of this technique for patients include less surgical trauma and condensed treatment time.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2005

Localized ridge augmentation with allogenic block grafts prior to implant placement: case reports and histologic evaluations.

The placement of dental implants is based on the amount of alveolar bone present in the edentulous site to be reconstructed. Insufficient alveolar contours may require bone grafting procedures to restore an adequate bone volume before implant placement. Larger osseous defects often require block grafts harvested from the symphysis or the ramus buccal shelf region. These provide adequate donor sites to harvest a graft sufficient to restore a significant defect in the osseous structures planned for implant placements. Autogenous block grafts have been well established to reconstruct these types of defects prior to implant placement procedures. However, surgical complications associated with the unfavorable anatomical structures and the necessity of large donor sites (e.g., symphysis and ramus buccal shelf) have led to the use of allogenic grafting materials. Recent developments in allogenic grafting materials have lead to the development of a corticocancellous block graft harvested from the iliac crest region. This study evaluates the clinical indications of these allogenic graft materials to replace compromised alveolar bone defects both horizontal and vertical in nature. The analysis is supported by re-entry procedures and histologic evaluations to substantiate predictability.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

Clinical assessment of 40 patients subjected to alveolar distraction osteogenesis.

Alveolar bone distraction is a technique used to restore vertical defects in the edentulous alveolar ridge. The gradual growth of bone tissue has a predictable result, allowing the placement of an osseointegrated implant in an ideal position. In this study, the effectiveness of the alveolar distraction technique was verified, using an extraosseous device. The bone augmentation average was 9.5 mm in 40 patients, showing a 92.5% success rate.

Alveolar Process↗