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PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of depression by questionnaire compared to DSM-III diagnosis.

The LPD, a self-report questionnaire which provides a quantitative and qualitative measure of depression, was examined in relation to a criterion-based system of diagnosis, the DSM-III. Results from 190 psychiatric inpatients suggest that the LPD distinguishes depressive from non-depressive syndromes in terms of severity of depression and that patients with melancholic major depression are more severely depressed than those with non-melancholic major depression. Furthermore, major depression with melancholia and major depression without melancholia, both conform to the LPD profile of endogenous depression whereas other depressive syndromes do not. A comparison of the two systems of categorizing depression also suggests that the LPD is a relatively sensitive predictor of the diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Psychotherapy: the treatment of choice for neurotic/reactive depression?

A recently published paper by Prioleau and colleagues has questioned whether the benefits of psychotherapy exceed those of placebo in real patients. A critique of that paper is presented drawing attention to key methodological weaknesses, to the subjective interpretation of the meta-analysis data, and to the selective and tendentious presentation of the authors' conclusions. Arguing that psychotherapy is best evaluated in relation to a limited group of conditions, and to disorders in which high efficacy is claimed, controlled studies of psychotherapy for neurotic and reactive depressive disorders are reviewed. The view that psychotherapy may have a key effect in influencing the natural history of these depressive disorders is explored.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2002

[MMR vaccination and autism--a population-based follow-up study].

INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination causes autism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children born in Denmark from January 1991 through December 1998. The cohort was established based on data from the Danish Civil Registration System. A unique person identifiable number given to all subjects enabled linkage with other national registries. MMR vaccination status was obtained from the Danish National Board of Health. Information on the children's autism status was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register which contains information on all diagnoses received from psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric wards, and outpatient clinics in Denmark. We obtained information on potential confounders from the Danish Medical Birth Registry, the National Hospital Registry, and Statistics Denmark. RESULTS: In the cohort of 537,303 children (2,129,864 person-years), 440,655 children had been MMR vaccinated. We identified 316 children with a diagnosis of autistic disorder and 442 with a diagnosis of other spectrum disorders. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk for autistic disorder and other spectrum disorders was not increased in vaccinated compared with unvaccinated children (relative risk 0.92; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.24 and relative risk 0.83; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.65 to 1.07). There was no association between age at vaccination, time since vaccination or calendar period at time of vaccination and development of autistic disorder. DISCUSSION: This study provides strong evidence against the hypothesis that MMR vaccination causes autism.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2003

Chiropractic treatment of temporomandibular disorders using the activator adjusting instrument: a prospective case series.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there was a basis for the treatment of temporomandibular disease (TMD) using the chiropractic protocol developed by Activator Methods, International. SETTING: Private, solo practice of an Activator advanced proficiency rated chiropractor with 15 years experience. DESIGN: Prospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: Nine adult volunteers with articular TMD recruited from the practice of the treating clinician. Main outcome measures Change from baseline to follow-up of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and maximum active mouth opening without pain. INTERVENTIONS: Full spine and TMJ adjusting in accordance with the advanced protocol of Activator Methods, International. Participants were typically seen 3 times per week for 2 weeks and according to individual progress thereafter for 6 more weeks. RESULTS: Eight participants completed outcome assessments. The median VAS decrease was 45 mm (range 21-71); all experienced improvement. The median increase of mouth opening was 9 mm (range 1-15); all showed improvement. CONCLUSION: The results of this prospective case series indicated that the TMD symptoms of these participants improved following a course of treatment using the Activator Methods, International protocol. Consequently, further investigation of this type of chiropractic treatment for patients with the articular type of TMD is warranted.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1999

Outcome of affective psychosis.

The outcome of delusional depression is generally considered as poor when compared to non-delusional depression. We examined the social adjustment of remitted subjects affected by delusional compared to non-delusional mood disorder. Social adjustment of 135 inpatients (81 delusional and 54 non-delusional subjects), in remission from mood disorders for at least 3 months, were compared using the Social Adjustment Scale [SAS, Weissman et al., 1971]. Social adjustment was marginally lower for delusional subjects. The difference was significant within the "Family" sub-area of the SAS. Stratification by gender or polarity was precluded by the small sample size. These results furnish evidence of poor inter-episode function in patients with delusional mood disorder.

Delusions↗
PubMed1995

Estrogen could control photoperiodic adjustment in seasonal affective disorder.

Women are affected by winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD) more often than men. The female/male ratio is reported to range from 2:1 to 40:1 in samples of patients with winter SAD. It is suggested that this preponderance of women is based on the action of the ovarian steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone. However, the detailed mechanisms of action are not well understood to date. A new hypothesis claims that, in women with winter SAD, decreased levels of estradiol in the ventromedial hypothalamus are associated with the occurrence of atypical symptoms of depression, including increased daytime sleepiness and hypersomnia during the winter.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Exploring the impact of a natural disaster on the health and psychological well-being of older adults.

The failure of researchers to consider the temporal dimensions of the stress process may be at least partially responsible for the disappointing empirical findings from research on stress and health. We argue that careful consideration must be given to the time lag between the occurrence of a stressor and initial symptom development, as well as the length of time that is required for symptoms to abate. Using a synthetic cohort design, we examine the length of time needed for symptoms to dissipate following a natural disaster (Hurricane Alicia). Findings from a random community survey of older adults suggest that the major effects of the storm diminish in about 16 months. Significant gender differences were found in this adjustment process. The implications of these findings for stress research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of nonpatient and bipolar patient-well spouse couples.

The authors compared responses of 16 couples, in which one partner had a diagnosis of remitted bipolar illness, to a lengthy self-report questionnaire (KDS-15) designed to assess many aspects of marital adjustment with those of 16 matched nonpatient couples. The bipolar patient-well spouse couples had marital adjustments closely resembling those of the nonpatient couples; three of four global ratings of satisfaction failed to discriminate between the two groups. Perceptions of the courtship, first year of marriage, and the degree to which the marriage had met expectations were also similar for both groups.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of scores on two visual-motor tests for children referred for learning or adjustment difficulties.

93 students 6 to 11 yr. old and referred for evaluation because of learning or adjustment difficulties by their classroom teachers were administered Beery's Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration and Kopitz's version of the Bender-Gestalt test. Previous research with retarded samples indicated the two tests were highly correlated while one study using normal subjects yielded significant differences between the tests. The present study indicated significant mean differences between the tests and significant but moderate correlations between the measures for each of three age ranges between 6 and 11 yr. In general, Beery's test gave higher standard scores for this sample of referred students; examiners are cautioned not to use the tests interchangeably with similar populations.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chiropractic treatment of temporomandibular disorders using the activator adjusting instrument and protocol.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the chiropractic management of a 30-year-old woman with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and to discuss the general etiology and management of TMJ conditions. CLINICAL FEATURES: The patient suffered from daily unremitting jaw pain for 7 years, which was the apparent sequela of a series of 8 root canals on the same tooth. Pain radiated from her TMJ into her shoulder and was accompanied by headache, tinnitus, decreased hearing, and a feeling of congestion in her right ear. Symptoms were not reduced by medication or other dental treatments. OUTCOME AND INTERVENTION: The patient underwent a series of chiropractic treatments using the instrument and protocol of Activator Methods, International. During the first 5 months, her VAS rating of jaw pain decreased from 60 (on a scale of 0 to 100) to 9, her ability to eat solid foods increased, headache intensity and frequency diminished, and her maximum mouth opening without pain measurement increased from 22 to 28 mm. Overall, 20 months of chiropractic treatment along with 2 concurrent months of massage therapy yielded slow but continual progress that finally resulted in total resolution of all symptoms except some fullness of the right cheek. CONCLUSION: Use of the Activator Methods protocol of chiropractic treatment was beneficial for this patient and merits further study in similar cases.

Adult↗