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Eponyms are common in medicine, and neurology is not an exception. Most neurological eponyms originate from the names of those who first described a disease or pathological condition, as well as from the names of characters from the literature and mythical or biblical heroes. The article describes en block both widespread and nowadays seldom used or even forgotten neurological eponyms derived from literature and visual art.
Surprisingly, singing and music sometimes are connected with poor or even lethal outcomes. One example is personified in the legend of Orpheus, who through the power of his songs, succeeded in leading the wild Thracians into the Greek religion. This did not save him, however, from being murdered by Thracian women probably because of his paedophilic tendency. The scene has been illustrated since 490 BC on Attic red-figure vases. The Sirens, with the body of a bird and the head of a female and dwelling in the Sicilian Sea, were creatures who attracted sailors by their song and devoured the unhappy wretches who had been unable to resist their seductive singing. This topic has also been depicted on ancient Greek vases as part of the Odyssey. The idea that beautiful singing with an instrument can also be a symbol of sin and a sign of the devil is deeply rooted in Christian thinking. This aspect of music as the power of evil is extensively depicted in Dutch and Flemish genre paintings where singing and playing string instruments were also common symbols of lust and vices, seduction and, therefore, moral decay. Some examples of the power of evil in singing in representative art are presented in this article.
The author finds a constant thread of what Benjamin Rush termed "tristimania" in works of great authors. The madness of art, Henry James's description of the need to transform and metamorphose personal experience by means of prose, poetry, or other artistic expression, is illustrated in the lives and works of many great writers. Psychotherapy as a means of dealing with depression in artists can be either rejected or used to advantage. The author posits that the most enduring works may be those of artists who have lived through their sadness to experience and control their rage against aging.
Formerly understood by Western thought as only a set of fighting skills, the Martial Arts (MAs) have come to be seen, in the psychological literature about the MAs, as a comprehensive approach to both physical and mental health. The MAs enhance self-esteem through the provision of physical activity and group experience, and the teaching of relaxation, concentration, assertiveness, and directiveness and honesty in communication. Thus, they are understood to be a legitimate form of therapy, for both "neurotic" and some chronically mentally ill patients. It is proposed in this paper, that the MAs can also be a useful supplement to verbal psychotherapy, as they foster and expose feelings through a physical modality, which can then be observed and analyzed in the modality of verbal psychotherapy. A case report illustrates how the MAs produce feelings and reveal problems, which are brought into the psychotherapy arena and analyzed.
Spiritual moments can occur at unexpected times and it is often upon reflection that the significance of the moment is understood. The author tells a personal story about her daughter and herself engaged in the activity of drawing flowers. The reflection which follows highlights both the process and outcomes of the experience. Exploring spiritual issues using this narrative medium assists health care workers to recognize better and understand spirituality in relation to the occupation of visual art.
Argues for the use of art in the delivery of pastoral care, especially with small children, the handicapped, and persons with emotional problems. Offers an example of such usage with a hospitalized spastic quadraplegic boy. Explores ways in which one's faith also might be expressed using visual modes rather than verbal ones.
This study explored the experiences of terminally ill patients taking part in an exhibition of their creative arts work. It took place in St Christopher's Hospice day centre, London, UK, which aims to facilitate an environment in which a range of social and creative opportunities is offered following the theoretical background of Maslow's and Rogers' theories of personal growth and creativity. A phenomenological study explored the views of 10 patients and eleven facilitators using in-depth, semi-structured, audiotaped interviews. A content analysis identified the main themes as enjoyment, enthusiasm, excitement, pride, achievement, satisfaction, sense of purpose, mutual support and permanence. These themes were interpreted as positive expressions of self-esteem, autonomy, social integration and hope. It is suggested that it was possible to identify hope as the essence of the phenomenon, and that this is important in palliative care where traditionally continuation of active medical intervention has been equated with provision of hope.
In this article, the benefits of using the arts and humanities as teaching and learning strategies are explored. Their contribution to undergraduate nursing curricula, as a means of promoting a deeper understanding of the experiences of loss, suffering and death, cannot be undervalued. They need to be present equally alongside the physical and social sciences in nursing curricula. More than ever, is the need for all undergraduate nursing students to participate in self-reflection of these experiences, in order that they may meet the needs of their patients and families adequately, in a range of healthcare settings.
We examined the role of social comparison in changes in the artistic self-concept of adolescents attending an advanced arts programme. Unfavourable comparisons that promoted a sense of inferiority and favourable comparisons that promoted inspiration were measured just prior to, in the first week of, and at the end of the 6 week programme. Consistent with the 'big fish little pond effect', inferiority comparisons made during the programme were associated with negative changes in self-concept. Consistent with the social comparison literature, however, inspiration comparisons made during the programme were associated with positive changes in self-concept. Rather than suggesting that exposure to highly talented peers is necessarily unfavourable, results suggest that the interpretation of the comparisons made in situ determines the favourability of such exposure.
This study is about experience of taking care, in the art workshop. With objective to evidence new possibility of psychiatric nursing, the activity have been develop if psychotic, usually the Services Mental Health. We concluded that utilisation artistic resources of care, collaborate relationships and social rehabilitation.
Study about the employment of the artistic approach in the cares developed at the CAPS. Founded on conceptual bases of Psychiatric Reform, the object of study has been broached by means of an exploratory field research through interview with CAPS's professionals. The results found indicate that activities with artistic basis are used by them aiming at a positive interaction with service users, and in the perspective of their psychosocial rehabilitation. We concluded that the work at the CAPS itself brings up-to-date creative potentialities of both professionals and users, being art assumed as an strategy of care.
The article analyzes a series of scientific drawings created and printed as part of a scientific work that has never been published out by the Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Deemed "incorrect" by scientists, these drawings lay abandoned for over seventy years. We have investigated their history in an effort to discover what might have led science to condemn the series. We also undertook a brief historical analysis of verisimilitude in scientific drawing. This case affords an interesting opportunity to explore some aspects of representation in artistic production, like issues involving vision, perception, the interpretation of images and visual communication through them, the functionality and objectivity of scientific illustration, as well as certain distinctions between the characteristics of illustration in zoology and in cartography and botany, and its ambiguous relationship with art.
The article offers some reflections on the main interactions between theater, science, and technology down through the history of theater. Based on our experience at "Science in the Spotlight", part of the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz's Museum of Life, we discuss how these interactions can be part of a science museum's daily activities. We use the word 'science' in its broad sense, encompassing not only the natural but human sciences as well; likewise, we use the word 'technology' as it relates to applied science. Art and science are understood here as creative processes, as ways of representing the world and expressing human knowledge.
The effects of reinforcement and extinction on response variability and stimulus generalization in the punching and kicking techniques of 2 martial arts students were evaluated across drill and sparring conditions. During both conditions, the students were asked to demonstrate different techniques in response to an instructor's punching attack. During baseline, the students received no feedback on their responses in either condition. During the intervention phase, the students received differential reinforcement in the form of instructor feedback for each different punching or kicking technique they performed during a session of the drill condition, but no reinforcement was provided for techniques in the sparring condition. Results showed that both students increased the number of different techniques they performed when reinforcement and extinction procedures were conducted during the drill condition, and that this increase in response variability generalized to the sparring condition.
Deteriorating physical features of urban environments can negatively influence public health. Dilapidated environments and urban blight tend to promote alienation and can be associated with social disorder, vandalism, crime, drug abuse, traffic violations, and littering, which in turn affects health and well-being. In the late 1990s, the Sunnyside neighborhood in Portland, Ore, was plagued by many of these problems. In an attempt to invigorate neighborhood stewardship, the community organized and created a public gathering place; together, they painted a gigantic sunflower in the middle of an intersection and installed several interactive art features. As a result of these collective actions of "place-making," social capital has increased, thus revitalizing the community, and expanded social networks among residents have stimulated a sense of well-being.
Color preferences of 190 art students (Götz & Götz, 1974, 1975) were compared with the corresponding scores on extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N). It was found that the preferences of a group of 27 highly gifted young artists were different from preferences of average and less gifted Ss who had little or no artistic practice. In the latter group extraverts and ambiverts mainly preferred primary and secondary colors (light clear and dark clear tones included), while introverts preferred tertiary colors (earth colors) and achromatics. However, in the group of highly gifted Ss no significant differences between positive and negative rankings in both color categories were found. Neuroticism had no effect on color preferences; this holds for introverts and extraverts and for each single color.
The Martial Art of Aikido, based on several effective anatomical principles, is used to subdue a training partner. One of these methods is Ikkyo (First Teaching). According to Saotome, the original intent of Ikkyo was to "break the elbow joint" of an enemy. Nowadays the intent is to secure or pin a training partner to the mat. This investigation focused on examining Ikkyo with the purpose of describing the nerves, bones, and muscles involved in receiving this technique. Particular focus was placed on the locations and sources of the reported pain.
A 55-yr.-old woman who had had a meningioma removed many years previously performed well on various neuropsychological tests but showed apparent gross loss of gestalt in copying the Rey figure, and poor subsequent recall of the figure. Further investigation suggested that her copying style was at least partly attributable to her training in art and that she was capable of copying in a more usual fashion with subsequent improvement in recall.