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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Single-follicular-unit hair transplantation to correct cleft lip moustache alopecia.

OBJECTIVE: To present the case of an 18-year-old boy with a cleft lip scar and an obligatory need for facial hair who underwent single-follicular-unit graft hair transplantation that resulted in significant moustache hair restoration in a single procedure. SETTING: The surgery was performed in an outpatient private practice setting using oral sedation and local anesthesia. RESULTS: Advances in instrumentation technology and an increased understanding of the anatomical clustering of hair follicles into so-called "follicular units" containing one to six hairs per unit has resulted in a rapid expansion of hair restoration surgery into new areas including female-pattern alopecia, scarring alopecias, and cosmetic surgery scars. These new techniques can be employed to create natural-looking hair lines in front of artificial hair replacement systems; to improve unnatural looking, old "large-plug" hair transplants; and to correct discontinuity of eyebrows and hairlines in patients with congenital facial clefts. Increased awareness is needed to incorporate follicular-unit graft hair transplant surgery into the family of corrective surgery subspecialties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of azelaic acid and anthralin for the therapy of patchy alopecia areata: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Although topical azelaic acid has been previously used for the treatment of alopecia, no controlled trials of azelaic acid for this condition have been conducted to date. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of azelaic acid treatment in patients with patchy alopecia areata (AA) in comparison with anthralin (dithranol) treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study included 31 subjects with patchy AA who did not receive any treatment for at least 1 month prior to the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of these subjects were recorded at baseline. Subjects were randomized to apply either 20% azelaic acid (15 subjects) or 0.5% anthralin (16 subjects) for 12 consecutive weeks. In a subsequent 8-week follow-up period no cream was applied. Two independent investigators performed an efficacy evaluation with clinical examination using a terminal hair regrowth score (RGS) with a scale ranging from 0 (inadequate response) to 2 (complete response) at week 20. Partial response was accepted as score 1. RESULTS: Both groups were well matched for the relevant demographic and clinical indicators affecting treatment response at baseline. All subjects completed the trial. At week 20 the RGS was 1.27 +/- 0.9 in the azelaic acid group versus 1.37 +/- 0.8 in the anthralin group (p > 0.05). A complete response was observed in 53.3% of cases in the azelaic acid group (8 of 15) compared with 56.2% (9 of 16) in the anthralin group (p > 0.05). No serious adverse events were observed in either group during the study. CONCLUSION: The present pilot study showed that the use of azelaic acid gave similar results to anthralin with regard to hair regrowth, and that it can be an effective topical therapy for patchy AA. More extensive trials are necessary, however, to reach a definitive conclusion.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1994

A case study: massage, relaxation, and reward for treatment of alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata, a common cause of hair loss, is generally considered the consequence of an autoimmune process. Both physiological and psychological factors have been implicated. Previous studies have not incorporated behavior modification in their treatment designs. In this study, three treatment techniques (hair massage, relaxation procedures, and monetary reward) were applied to a 16-year-old male with a five-year history of alopecia areata. Comparison for seven months without treatment versus seven months with treatment showed that loss of hair was markedly reduced after three months of treatment. During the last four months of the study, new hair growth was evidenced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Androgenetic alopecia: stress of discovery.

The psychological problems of men in the initial stages of alopecia androgenetica (hereditary male hair loss) have seldom been studied. We evaluated two groups of 80 men with alopecia androgenetica in Stages II to IV, indicating the amount of hair loss (overall N=160; for Group I: M=48 yr., SD=18.2; for Group II: M=50 yr., SD=18.0) who visited a dermatology clinic for benign dermatological complaints but not for hair loss, by questionnaires and interview, retrospectively. As predicted, hair problems were reported to be significantly greater overall at the moment of discovery of hair loss than later. About half of the men reported feeling annoyed to very annoyed about the discovery of hair loss. For those patients, provision of information by internet might facilitate a visit to the dermatologist.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scalp hypothermia in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

Alopecia is a common side effect of cancer chemotherapy, especially in combination with regimens with doxorubicin (Adriamycin). The effect of scalp hypothermia in connection with chemotherapy was evaluated as hair protection in 61 women with disseminated breast carcinoma, where earlier treatment routines had caused wig-requiring alopecia in nearly all patients. The cooling was performed with a gel-helmet (Hypotherm Gel-Kap). Of the 61 patients, 47 (77%) had no or slight, not wig-demanding hair loss, and 14 (23%) had severe (wig-demanding) hair loss. Seven patients had liver dysfunction; in 5 of these severe hair loss was observed; 2 had slight hair loss. Eighty-three per cent of the patients with normal liver function had no hair loss. Treatment tolerance was found to be good, and side effects were minimal. The method is found to be simple, effective and inexpensive, though still not technically optimal.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 -2518 promoter polymorphism in Korean patients with alopecia areata.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels are increased in scalp lesions of patients with alopecia areata (AA), suggesting a role in the development of AA. Recently, a biallelic A/G polymorphism in the MCP-1 promoter at position -2518 has been found, influencing the level of MCP-1 expression in response to an inflammatory stimulus. We investigated whether the presence of these polymorphisms were associated with AA in Korean population. 145 Korean patients with AA, 246 healthy subjects without clinical evidence of AA were screened for genotype with a PCR-based assay. In the AA patients the frequency of the A and G alleles was 40.3 and 59.7%, respectively and the distribution of the A/A, A/G and G/G genotypes was 19.3, 42.1 and 38.6%, respectively. Amongst the controls the frequency of the A and G alleles was 39.8 and 60.2%, and the distribution of the A/A, A/G, G/G genotypes in the same group was 17.5, 44.7 and 37.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the allele frequencies and genotype distributions between the patients and the controls (p=0.889, p=0.848, respectively). Our data indicates that no association exists between the -2518A/G polymorphism of the MCP-1 gene and susceptibility to alopecia areata.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Inhibition by oral N-acetylcysteine of doxorubicin-induced clastogenicity and alopecia, and prevention of primary tumors and lung micrometastases in mice.

The thiol N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an analog and precursor of glutathione, displays cancer preventive properties not only in early stages of the carcinogenesis process but also in its advanced stages. NAC inhibited type-IV collagenase activity as well as invasion, tumor take, and metastasis of malignant cells in murine models. Previously, we provided evidence for synergistic effects of oral NAC with intravenously injected doxorubicin (DOX). In the present study B16-BL6 melanoma cells were injected s.c. into the footpad of C57BL/6 mice. The animals were divided into 5 groups: i) untreated mice; ii) mice receiving daily NAC with drinking water (12.25 mmol/kg body weight) starting 16 h after injection of cancer cells; iii) mice receiving a single i.v. injection of DOX (2 micromol/kg body weight) 24 h after injection of cancer cells; iv) mice receiving a combination of NAC and DOX, with NAC treatment starting 72 h before injection of cancer cells; and v) mice treated as in iv) but with NAC treatment starting 16 h after injection of cancer cells. Both NAC and DOX, either individually or in combination, significantly enhanced the survival time as compared to controls. The weight of local primary tumors was significantly decreased by either drug, and was further decreased to a significant extent, compared to the individual treatments, in the two groups of mice receiving combinations of NAC and DOX. No lung micrometastases, evaluated by immunohistochemistry as S-100-positive foci of melanocytic cells, were detectable in the two groups of mice receiving the combined treatments. NAC significantly, attenuated the time-related increase of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of DOX-treated mice. All mice individually treated with DOX developed a partial but well evident alopecia, diffusely affecting their back hair, which was totally prevented by NAC, irrespective of the combination schedule. Thus, besides preventing DOX cardiotoxicity, as extensively documented in the literature, oral NAC protects mice from DOX-induced myelogenotoxicity and alopecia, and at the same time interacts with this cytotoxic agent in inhibiting cancer cell invasion and metastasis.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extensive alopecia areata. Results of treatment with 3% topical minoxidil.

A 3% topical minoxidil solution was used to treat 31 normotensive persons (13 male, 18 female) with extensive alopecia areata. After 15 months, three patients (14%) had 75%-100% regrowth, 13 (59%) had some form of regrowth, and nine (41%) had no regrowth. In the initial three-month double-blind portion of the study, minoxidil was not shown to be more effective than placebo. Biopsy specimens from eight patients who underwent biopsy prior to treatment, after three months, and posttreatment showed no significant change in peribulbar or perivascular inflammation. Prominent, new anagen follicles were observed. The 3% topical minoxidil was generally well tolerated and skin irritation was minimal. Blood pressure monitoring revealed no significant changes in diastolic or systolic pressures. Minoxidil is a relatively safe treatment for extensive alopecia areata and may be effective in the treatment of some cases of recalcitrant disease.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Mosaic hair color changes in alopecia areata.

This paper documents the mosaic hair color changes in two patients with extensive alopecia areata. The authors suggest that these changes are the end result of localized immunologic reactions directed against the melanocyte, resulting in a cytotoxic effect on the melanocytes and altering the hair color. Visually, the change is identified as patchy lightening, occasional depigmentation, and whitening of existing scalp hair. These changes reflect increased activity and progression of alopecia areata.

Alopecia Areata↗
PubMed2005

Alopecia areata: what to expect from current treatments.

Alopecia areata is relatively benign and often resolves on its own, although its psychosocial impact on children and young adults can be severe. Some form of treatment is usually required. Because current treatments may not show results for 3 to 6 months, reassuring the patient and the parents and informing them about the results that can be expected are an essential part of management. The choice of treatment depends on the patient's age and the extent of alopecia activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and natural history of alopecia areata (AA) among unselected patients from a community. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective population-based descriptive study of AA among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, for the period from 1975 through 1989. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After identifying 292 Olmsted County residents first diagnosed with AA during the 15-year study period, we reviewed their complete (inpatient and outpatient) medical records in the community and statistically analyzed the effects of gender and age-group. RESULTS: The overall incidence of AA was 20.2 per 100,000 person-years and did not change with time. Rates were similar in the two genders and over all ages, and lifetime risk was estimated at 1.7%. Eighty-seven percent of patients were examined by a dermatologist who diagnosed AA, and 29% of cases were confirmed by biopsy. Most patients had mild or moderate disease, but alopecia totalis or universalis developed at some point during the clinical course in 21 patients. CONCLUSION: This study of the incidence and natural history of AA in a community shows that this disorder is fairly common and can be seen at all ages. Although spontaneous resolution is expected in most patients, a small but significant proportion of cases (probably approximately 7%) may evolve into severe and chronic hair loss, which may be psychosocially devastating for affected persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Red lunulae in severe alopecia areata.

The development of red nail lunulae has been extremely rarely described in alopecia areata. We observed 2 patients, a 30-year-old woman and a 61-year-old man, both suffering from severe alopecia areata, and having red lunulae. The colour changes, which developed a few weeks after the acute onset of hair loss, disappeared slowly, leaving horizontal fissures (Beau's lines).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Pronounced perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrates in alopecia areata are associated with poor treatment response to diphencyprone.

Some authors have reported that severe destruction of follicular structures and even scarring patterns occur in those patients with alopecia areata (AA) who fail to respond to topical immunotherapy with contact sensitizers, such as diphencyprone (DCP). Other studies, however, gave contradictory results. Therefore, we re-examined histopathological changes in scalp samples obtained from 85 patients with severe alopecia areata before initiation of DCP treatment (40 responders and 45 non-responders in terms of hair regrowth after DCP treatment). The following parameters were evaluated: i) perifollicular lymphocytic infiltration; ii) perifollicular fibrosis, and iii) miniaturized hair follicles. No difference between responders and non-responders could be observed in the degree of miniaturization of hair follicles and proliferation of perifollicular fibrous tissue. In neither group was there any evidence of scarring or severe follicular destruction. 18 non-responders but only 6 responders showed a very dense perifollicular lymphocytic infiltration. In contrast, a particularly scarce infiltrate was seen in 9 non-responders and in 19 responders. We conclude that non-responders to topical sensitizers tend to have rather pronounced inflammatory reactions with dense perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrates.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Alopecia areata: identification and current treatment approaches.

Alopecia areata is a disease which occurs in 1.7% of the population (Safavi et al., 1995), often with devastating effects to patients and their families. In the past, this condition has been misunderstood and treated inadequately. New treatment modalities and support systems are offering hope to patients with alopecia areata.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rudimentary meningocele presenting with an annular alopecia.

Rudimentary meningocele (RM) is a relatively rare developmental anomaly in which meningotherial elements are found in the skin. We present a case presenting with an annular alopecia over a rudimentary meningocele. Due to the occasional presence of connection or relationship to the central nervous system in RM, knowledge of the various clinical appearances including annular alopecia is clinically important.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2000

Current understanding of androgenetic alopecia. Part I: etiopathogenesis.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men and women. This continuous process results in a type of alopecia that follows a definite pattern in those individuals who are genetically predisposed. At present the predisposing genes are unknown but the relatively strong concordance of the degree of baldness in fathers and sons is not consistent with a simple Mendelian trait and a polygenic basis is therefore most likely. AGA can be defined as a DHT-dependent process with continuous miniaturization of sensitive HF. Today we do not understand the molecular steps involved in androgen-dependent beard growth versus androgen-dependent hair loss in AGA. However, recent experimental and clinical advances enable us to explain some pathogenetic steps leading to androgenetic hair loss. Among other steroidogenic isoenzymes such as 17b- and 3b- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, the type 2 5a-reductase within the dermal papilla plays a central role by the intrafollicular conversion of T to DHT.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed2000

[Hormonal profile in men with premature androgenic alopecia].

Androgenetic alopecia especially that with premature onset can be a cause of serious psychic trauma. As far as the treatment with antiandrogens, inhibitors of 5 alpha-reductase or hair transplantation represents a heavy economic burden for the patient, we tried to exclude other hormonal causes or to find a criterion for the apt candidates for the treatment in 15 young men with premature androgenetic alopecia. Hormonal analysis discovered a significantly lower plasma level of sexual binding globulin (SHBG) and FSH and nearly significantly higher concentration of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. These data resemble those in the hormonal pattern of women suffering from the syndrome of polycystic ovaries (PCOS). The finding of premature balding as the possible male phenotype hormonal equivalent of polycystic ovaries is in concordance with several pedigree studies in kindreds with PCOS, which have suggested a genetic basis of this syndrome in some families in which balding and pilosity was frequent in male members.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗