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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Canonical discriminant analysis for pregnancy-related changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in tamarins (Saguinus spp].

Hematological and biochemical values obtained from 9 monkeys (Saguinus labiatus and S. mistax) during pre- and postpartum periods were analyzed by canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality). All animals used were of wild origin and had been maintained under uniform environmental conditions at N. I. H., Japan. The items examined were as follows: white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), total protein concentration (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin concentration (ALB), albumin-globulin ratio (A/G), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (GGT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and total cholesterol concentration (CHO). The data obtained in the pre- and postpartum periods were divided into six chronological groups. The prepartum period was divided into Group I: weeks 15-10; Group II: weeks 9-7; Group III: weeks 6-4; and Group IV: weeks 3-0. The postpartum period was divided into Group V: weeks 0-4 and Group VI: weeks 5-7). In the later pregnancy period (Groups III and IV), significant decreases in RBC, Ht, Hb, TP and ALB, and a significant increase in CHO were observed. These values in the blood and serum continued after delivery (Groups V and VI). Results of canonical discriminant analysis showed that the value of the first canonical variate decreased according to the progress of pregnancy. The postpartum groups showed negative values. Although groups in the early

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Relationships between force-feeding and some physiological parameters in geese bred for fatty liver.

The susceptibility of geese of different genotypes and sexes to force-feeding, some plasma biochemical parameters (thyroid hormones, cholesterol, retinoids, total protein and albumin) of force-fed geese, and the relationship between force-feeding, fat storage and the above-mentioned parameters were studied. Sixty (30 male and 30 female) geese of three genotypes (Hungarian, Landes and their crossbred called Babat Hybrid) were divided in two groups at 12 weeks of age. Geese in one group (5 males and 5 females from each genotype) received mixed feeding ad libitum. Birds in the other group were force-fed with maize. After 3 weeks all birds were bled, blood samples were taken, and the above-mentioned plasma parameters were determined. Thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly lower in force-fed (11.6 +/- 3.5 ng/ml) than in control geese (22.7 +/- 4.09 ng/ml). Plasma triiodothyronine (T3) level was also lower in the force-fed than in the control group, but the difference was not significant (1.87 +/- 0.23 ng/ml and 2.11 +/- 0.28 ng/ml, respectively). Plasma total protein (TP, 45.2 +/- 4.5 g/l), albumin (ALB, 16.51 +/- 2.8 g/l), beta-carotene (BC, 3504 +/- 3107 micrograms/l), retinol (ROL, 1160 +/- 505 micrograms/l), retinyl palmitate (RP, 1745 +/- 405 micrograms/l) and total cholesterol (TCh, 4.32 +/- 0.55 mmol/l) levels were elevated in the force-fed group as compared to the control (TP = 36.4 +/- 5.1 g/l, ALB = 15.6 +/- 0.9 g/l, BC = 1657 +/- 1681 micrograms/l, ROL = 687 +/- 375 micrograms/l, RP = 1398 +/- 607 micrograms/l, and TCh = 2.83 +/- 1.98 mmol/l). All differences were significant except those found for albumin and beta-carotene. No significant sex- or genotype-related effects were observed for these parameters.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Effect of hepatitis C serology on C-reactive protein in a cohort of Brazilian hemodialysis patients.

Hepatitis C (HCV) is not an uncommon feature in hemodialysis (HD) patients and may be a cause of systemic inflammation. Plasma cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is mainly produced by circulating and peripheral cells and induces the hepatic synthesis of C-reactive protein (CRP), which is the main acute phase reactant. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of HCV on two markers of systemic inflammation, serum CRP and IL-6, in HD patients. The study included 118 HD patients (47% males, age 47 +/- 13 years, 9% diabetics) who had been treated by standard HD for at least 6 months. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence (HCV+) or absence (HCV-) of serum antibodies against HCV. Serum albumin (S-Alb), plasma high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), IL-6, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured and the values were compared with those for 22 healthy controls. Median hsCRP and IL-6 values and hsCRP/IL-6 ratio were: 3.5 vs 2.1 mg/l, P < 0.05; 4.3 vs 0.9 pg/ml, P < 0.0001, and 0.8 vs 2.7, P < 0.0001, for patients and controls, respectively. Age, gender, S-Alb, IL-6 and hsCRP did not differ between the HCV+ and HCV- patients. However, HCV+ patients had higher ALT (29 +/- 21 vs 21 +/- 25 IU/l) and had been on HD for a longer time (6.1 +/- 3.0 vs 4.0 +/- 2.0 years, P < 0.0001). Moreover, HCV+ patients had a significantly lower median hsCRP/IL-6 ratio (0.7 vs 0.9, P < 0.05) compared to the HCV- group. The lower hsCRP/IL-6 ratio in HCV+ patients than in HCV- patients suggests that hsCRP may be a less useful marker of inflammation in HCV+ patients and that a different cut-off value for hsCRP for this population of patients on HD may be required to define inflammation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The phylogeny of alpha-fetoprotein in vertebrates: survey of biochemical and physiological data.

The phylogeny of vertebrate alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was surveyed in the phylum Chordata, including subphyla, agnatha, and Gnathostoma. A molecular taxonomic approach was undertaken based on biochemical, endocrinological, immunological, and physiological criteria previously documented for AFP. These published data were then discussed in light of their position and relationship in the albuminoid gene superfamily derived from GenBank. The phylogeny of the AFP molecule should prove useful for investigators seeking markers for animal models of human diseases, serological cross-reactivity between AFP molecular species, identification of larval or fetal protein homologs of AFP, and provide strategies for biochemical purification and physiological studies. The phylogeny of AFP in vertebrates was surveyed from the cyclostomata (lamphrey) to the mammals, including sharks, bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. A trend was denoted, from lower to higher animal forms, in a size reduction and separation of AFP-like albumin molecular moieties from forms that resembled true albumin molecules. While the primitive lamphrey possesses a serum protein twice the size of mammalian albumin, the bony fishes, reptiles, and amphibians display two ALB-like molecules sharing amino acid sequence similarity to mammalian AFP. However, only one of the ALB-like molecules in the fish and amphibia is glycosylated. Although little has been published on reptilian AFP-like molecules, avian AFP has been investigated extensively following its detection and isolation for developmental studies involving immunology and neuroendocrinology. Finally, a plethora of knowledge exists in mammals following several decades of studies involving the isolation, purification, and characterization of AFP for use in physiological, immunological, and endocrinological research endeavors. In overview, a tendency or trend in down-sizing of an AFP-like albumin molecule and the separation of true albumin forms from a distinct fetal glycosylated form was observed. This seemed to occur in animal classes lacking a free-swimming larval form and possessing either highly differentiated extra-embryonic membranes or displaying a placenta intimately interfaced with the maternal tissues of the uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Simple surrogate index of the fibrosis stage in chronic hepatitis C patients using platelet count and serum albumin level.

This study was conducted to develop a simple surrogate index comprised of routinely available laboratory tests to reflect the histological fibrosis stage. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data from 368 and 249 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C, a training cohort and a validation cohort, respectively, were retrospectively evaluated. Platelet (Plt) count and albumin (Alb) level contributed to the discrimination of the respective fibrosis stages. We derived the fibrosis index (FI), FI = 8.0-0.01 x Plt (10(3)/microliter) - Alb (g/dl), from a multiple regression model. FI significantly correlated with the histological fibrosis stage in both the initial and validation cohort at rho=0.691 and rho=0.661, respectively (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, p<0.0001). The sensitivity and positive predictive value of FI at a cutoff value < 2.10 for predicting fibrosis stage F0-1 were 66.8% and 78.8% in the initial cohort and 68.5% and 63.6% in the validation cohort, respectively. Corresponding values of FI at a cutoff value > or = 3.30 for the prediction of F4 were 67.7% and 75.0% in the initial cohort and 70.8% and 81.0% in the validation cohort. The fibrosis index comprised of platelet count and albumin level reflected the histological fibrosis stage in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Juvenile periodontitis. I. Demonstration of local immunoglobulin synthesis.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the presence and quantity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin (ALB) in specified periodontal tissues and serum from patients diagnosed as having juvenile periodontitis (JP), using an immunoelectrophoresis technique and to determine which portion of the lesion generated the greatest local immunoglobulin production. Serum and tissue samples were obtained from 19 patients (ages 13-21 years) who were diagnosed as having JP; 18 were female; 16 were black. Normal, diseased, and granulomatous gingival/periodontal tissues were collected during full thickness flap surgery, then minced, homogenized, and centrifuged. Supernatants containing the gingival/periodontal protein and the serum were electrophoresed against rabbit antihuman IgG and ALB. The relative IgG/ALB ratios in each specimen were plotted against known concentrations of IgG using a least squares analysis to provide evidence for local synthesis. In comparing mean IgG/ALB ratios for all tissue types, it was noted that normal gingiva did not differ significantly from serum. Diseased and granulomatous tissues, taken together or separately, had significantly higher IgG/ALB ratios than normal gingiva or serum, demonstrating that 73.6% of the IgG present was due to local synthesis. However, the greatest amounts of locally produced IgG were found in the granulomatous tissue from the deepest areas of the defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A survey of the values of clinical chemistry parameters obtained for a common rat blood sample in ninety-eight Japanese laboratories.

A control survey was conducted to check the accuracy of automated analyzers used in the evaluation of clinical chemistry parameters in nonclinical toxicology studies. Pooled serum samples from male Sprague-Dawley rats were delivered refrigerated to each facility 98 laboratory facilities throughout Japan within 18 hours after sample preparation and analyzed. Commercially available normal human serum samples from a single lot were also analyzed at the same time. Survey results were divided into three categories. (1) Parameters with small coefficient of variation (CV) values for both rat and human serum samples included protein, glucose, cholesterol (CHO), urea nitrogen (UN), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), and inorganic phosphate (IP). Definition of normal values in rats should be straight forward for these parameters. (2) Parameters with large CV values, but with a relatively good correlation between rat and human values include triglycerides (TG), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase (GOT/AST), glutamic pyruvic transaminase/alanine aminotransferase (GPT/ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Measurements based on different principles gave different mean values, and this values contributed to the increase in CV values. Assessment of normal values would require a consideration of the measurement principles. (3) Parameters with large CV values only in rat serum samples included albumin (albumin/globulin ratio: A/G ratio), creatinine (CRE), and total bilirubin(BIL). Reactivity was different in rat albumin (ALB), depending on the reagents used. This difference needs to be corrected with values available by electrophoresis, or adjusted by rat ALB values, because of the lack of an appropriate measurement method. The enzyme method gave low values for rat CRE, which suggests the need for further examination of this method. The BIL values were extremely low in rat samples. It seems to be necessary to select appropriate methods to measure clinical pathology parameters correctly for rats. There was no deviation in values due solely to the mechanical operations of the analytical equipment. Non-standard initial settings of the equipment (equipment originally intended for human samples, but now applied to animal samples) was the main cause of the wide range of analytical values seen.

Albumins↗
PubMed2004

Differentiation of the human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and enhancement of cell attachment by fibronectin.

The ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to differentiate into osteoblasts was examined through the use of osteogenic induction medium (MSCOIM) cultures. hMSC first attached to the dish surface and exhibited fibroblast-like spindle shapes, and after proliferation, formed cuboidal shapes. Calcium assays and the use of von Kossa and alizarin red S staining showed that hMSC were capable of mineralization when cultured in MSCOIM. Gene expressions of Cbfa-1 and BMP-4, which are markers for osteogenic differentiation, were also increased during the hMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. When compared to albumin (Alb)-coated dishes, microscopic observation documented enhanced cell attachment and spreading when hMSC were cultured on fibronectin (FN)-coated dishes. Adherent cell numbers also exhibited a greater increase on the FN-coated dishes during earlier culture stages than that seen for the Alb-coated dishes. These findings suggest that hMSC have the capability to differentiate into osteoblasts and that FN can stimulate the attachment and spreading of the hMSC.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed1991

Transferrin- and albumin-directed expression of growth-related peptides in transgenic sheep.

Chimeric genes containing either the mouse transferrin (Trf) enhancer/promoter fused to the structural sequences encoding bovine growth hormone (GH) or the mouse albumin (Alb) enhancer/promoter fused to the gene for human growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) were microinjected into sheep zygotes. A low percentage of resulting transgenic sheep chronically expressed the respective genes, resulting in elevated plasma concentrations of circulating GH or GRF, respectively. Growth hormone-releasing factor expression induced elevated plasma levels of endogenous GH production. In addition, elevated levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I were observed in the bovine GH-expressing Trf transgenic sheep. Growth of these founder transgenic sheep relative to controls were not enhanced. In part, this may be due to the development of the diabetic condition exhibited by both transgenic groups. These results demonstrate that the mouse Trf and Alb enhancer/promoters are active in sheep and suggest that alternate strategies for expressing growth-related genes may be required to modulate growth in sheep.

Albumins↗
PubMed1997

Divergent concentrations of plasma metabolites in swine selected for seven generations for high or low plasma total cholesterol.

It was reported previously that selection for high (HG) or low (LG) plasma total cholesterol (TC) at 8 wk of age in a composite four-breed swine population resulted after four generations in divergent mean concentrations in the selected lines. The data revealed a significant positive correlation between body weight (BW) and TC concentration at 8 wk of age and differential responses in litter size, backfat depth, and carcass length at 6 mo of age. We report here the relationship between plasma TC concentration and other plasma traits related to growth and metabolism in the seventh generation of selection in these two lines of pigs. We measured plasma concentrations of TC, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (urea N), and three transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; gamma glutamyltransferase, GGT) in seventh-generation male and female pigs at 8 wk of age. Birth weight (1.48 vs 1.38 kg), 8 wk BW (14.85 vs 12.00 kg), TC (116.8 vs 63.6 mg/dL), HDL-C (43.9 vs 25.5 mg/dL), TG (50.5 vs 33.0 mg/dL), and ALP (78.3 vs 44.9 units/L) were higher (P < .01) in HG than in LG pigs, whereas ALB (3.2 vs 3.4 g/dL), ALT (43.0 vs 45.9 units/L), and AST (53.0 vs 62.2 units/L) were lower in HG than in LG pigs (P < .05). At 8 wk, overall plasma TC concentration was correlated with BW (r = .34, P < .01) and with ALP (r = .23, P < .05) but was not related to ALT, AST, or GGT. Plasma TP urea N, and GGT were unaffected by genetic line on sex. We conclude that the difference between HG and LG pigs in TC concentration in generation 4 at 8 wk of age has persisted but not broadened in pigs of generation 7, that changes in plasma ALP, ALT, and AST may have occurred in response to selection for high or low plasma TC, and that ALP is correlated with plasma TC concentration.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1988

Assessment of calcaemic status in geriatric hospital patients: serum ionized calcium versus albumin-adjusted total calcium.

To evaluate the accuracy of total serum calcium (CaT) and albumin-adjusted total calcium (CaA) determinations in the assessment of calcaemic status in the elderly, serum ionized calcium (CaI), CaT and serum albumin (Alb) concentrations were measured in 558 geriatric hospital patients. As expected, CaT was correlated with Alb (r = 0.316, p less than 0.001) and CaI with serum pH (r = -0.351, p less than 0.001) and they were closely interrelated (r = 0.746, p less than 0.001). Various albumin-adjustment formulas from the literature decreased the correlation of CaT and CaI. Using conventional reference limits for CaT only 12% and 72% of patients with CaI above or below the reference limits for CaI, respectively, were found. This study demonstrates the low sensitivity of total and albumin-adjusted calcium in the detection of slightly or moderately abnormal calcaemic states.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative assessment of urinary protein and enzyme excretion--a diagnostic programme for the detection of renal involvement in type I diabetes mellitus.

In an effort to establish a reliable programme for the clinical monitoring of renal involvement in patients with type-I diabetes mellitus, we quantified the urinary excretion of immunoglobulin G (IgG), transferrin (Tf), albumin (Alb), alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1MG), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and total protein in 130 dipstick negative children and young adults with type-I diabetes. Eighty-five sex- and age-matched healthy persons served as a control group for the definition of the upper reference limits (95th centiles; micrograms min-1 1.73 m2): transferrin 1.4; albumin 16.6; total protein 27.1; NAG: 2.0 mU min-1 1.73 m2. Sex-related differences were detected for IgG (men: 3.8; women: 1.7) and alpha 1 MG (men: 6.0; women: 4.0 micrograms min-1 1.73 m2). The urinary excretion of IgG, Tf, alpha 1MG, NAG, and total protein was significantly higher in subjects with diabetes when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Furthermore, 20 patients (15%) showed an elevated excretion of tubular markers (alpha 1MG and NAG), and 3 patients (2%) of at least two glomerular markers (Alb and/or Tf and/or IgG). Additionally, 18 individuals (14%) presented a mixed excretion pattern of both tubular and glomerular markers. These data suggest that the quantitation of both glomerular and tubular proteinuria provides a sensitive and cost-effective instrument for the non-invasive screening for renal involvement in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Hepatic reticuloendothelial function following resuscitation with hemoglobin solutions.

Red cell substitutes could lead to depressed reticuloendothelial (RE) particulate clearance function. This hypothesis was tested using an animal model of hypovolemia-resuscitation. Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 50% blood volume hemorrhage followed by isovolumic replacement with stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH, 7 gHb/dl), polyhemoglobin (PHS, 14 gHb/dl), or shed blood (SB). At 30 min post-transfusion, the liver was isolated and perfused with colloidal carbon. Hepatic RE function was assessed from the carbon clearance kinetics. In separate experiments, the hepatic Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured from rats that were previously hemorrhaged and transfused with normal saline solution. The cultured Kupffer cells were incubated with SFH or bovine albumin (ALB) and their phagocytic function assessed in-vitro. The hepatic carbon clearance following exchange transfusion with hemoglobin solutions was not significantly altered as compared to shed blood controls (P greater than 0.05). Similarly, phagocytic function of hemoglobin treated Kupffer cells was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from that of ALB treated cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative study of serum lipids and other blood chemistry factors in the elderly in Kahoku and Yaku].

A comparative community-based study of serum lipids and other blood chemistry data in the elderly was carried out in two Japanese rural towns, Kahoku and Yaku. We studied the following blood chemistry factors; total proteins (TP), albumin (Alb), blood glucose (glucose), urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (T-Cho), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)). Subjects were the 312 eligible elderly aged over 75 years in Kahoku, and 172 similar elderly in Yaku. There were no significant differences in TP, Alb, glucose, BUN and UA of the elderly in the two areas. Mean HDL-C level was significantly lower and mean Lp(a) concentration was significantly higher in the elderly in Kahoku than in Yaku, Mean value of T-Cho did not differ significantly between the elderly in the two areas, however, the ratio of subjects whose T-Cho concentrations were over 220 mg/dl was significantly higher in Kahoku than in Yaku. These data suggested that the risk of atherosclerosis from the standpoint of view of serum lipids was higher in the elderly in Kahoku than in those in Yaku. Epidemiological data of Kochi and Kagoshima prefecture indicated that the mortality ratio from ischemic heart disease was higher in Kahoku than in Yaku, although that from cerebral infarction was lower in Kahoku than in Yaku. Comparative study of laboratory data in various districts is useful to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Nourishment of patients with persistent disturbance of consciousness and nutritional markers to simplify evaluation].

AIM: This study was aimed to evaluate the nourishment of patients with a disturbance of consciousness who received tube feeding, and to discuss nutritional markers to simplify evaluation in these patients at home or at facilities for the elderly. METHODS: The nourishment of 46 patients with a disturbance of consciousness who received tube feeding was evaluated by performing 1) physical measurements, 2) blood test, and 3) measurement of resting metabolic rate. Furthermore, the anemia-like symptoms of the palpebral conjunctiva, which were supposed to be related with nourishment, were subjectively evaluated to clarify their relevance to the results of physical measurements and blood test. RESULTS: The average of triceps skinfold thickness (%TSF), which shows relative physical measurement data of patients with a disturbance of consciousness when compared to those of healthy people, was 105.7 +/- 39.8, which was almost equivalent to that of healthy people. The arm muscle circumference (%AMC) and calf circumference (%CC) were 87.5 +/- 11.5 and 73.6 +/- 9.4, respectively. In the blood test, the average Alb value was 3.3 +/- 0.5 g/dl, suggesting that 35 (76.1%) of the 46 patients with disturbance of consciousness had protein energy malnutrition (PEM). Since the relationship between anemia-like symptoms of the palpebral conjunctiva and Hb/Ht (p < 0.01, p < 0.01) and Alb (p < 0.05) was confirmed, there is a high possibility that these markers can be useful for easy evaluation of nourishment. CONCLUSION: Because hypoalimentation is a more serious problem than overnutrition in patients with a disturbance of consciousness, we consider that the calorie count should be adjusted based on the measurement results of resting energy expenditure (REE) in individual patients, although the count for patients with tube feeding was set at individual levels of basal metabolism in the conventional method. Moreover, further discussion is required regarding alternative markers for nutritional evaluation to blood test data.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The effects of forced molt treatment on blood biochemicals in hens.

A study was conducted to determine the effects of an environmentally induced force molt treatment on concentrations and daily variations of selected serum biochemicals during early molt. Laying hens were placed into two environmental control chambers. In one chamber, control (Con) laying hens were maintained on long photoperiods of 19 hr of light daily to maintain egg production. In the other chamber, early molt (EM) hens were exposed to short photoperiods of 6 hr of light daily to decrease egg production. After 2 weeks in the chambers, feed was withdrawn from EM hens for 2 days to initiate molt. Three days after feed was restored, hens from both groups were blood sampled every 2 hr for 2 days for selected serum biochemical analyses. Serum concentrations of calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (P), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and albumin (Alb) were depressed in EM hens. Serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (Alk P), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glucose (Glu), cholesterol (Chol), and globulin (Glob) were elevated in EM hens. Daily temporal rhythms of Ca, Glu, total protein (TP), and Alb were found in both hen groups. These temporal changes were independent of force molt treatment. Serum GOT was positively correlated with nuclei free liver corticosteroids (LCS) and negatively associated with plasma corticosterone in Con hens. Serum GOT was positively correlated with nuclei free LCS in EM hens.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1988

Selection of Japanese quail for contrasting blood corticosterone response to immobilization.

Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divergently selected for 12 generations for increased (high stress, HS) and decreased (low stress, LS) blood corticosterone (B) response to unfamiliar environments. Response lines were selected initially on the basis of wild-type quail B response to albino (ALB) quail intrusion (S1 to S3) and subsequently on B response to immobilization (IMB) (S4 to S12). Using ALB intruders as stressors proved unsuccessful, therefore the practice was abandoned in favor of using IMB, which proved successful. Across nine generations of selection, using the IMB stressor, the HS line exhibited a mean serum B response that was approximately 58% greater than that of the random-bred (control stress, CS) line, whereas the LS line had a mean response approximately 23% less than that of the CS line. Selection differentials were approximately three-fold greater in the HS than in the LS line whereas realized heritabilities (h2) were approximately two-fold greater in the HS than in the LS line.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Multicenter clinical study about the action of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule against liver fibrosis with chronic hepatitis B].

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule (FZHY Capsule) against liver fibrosis with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Multicentric, randomized, double blinded and paralleled control led trial was conducted on patients (aged between 18 and 65) with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B Indexes observed: (1) hepatic histological changes and HBV markers were observed at 0 and 24th week during the treatment; serological indexes (HA, LN, P-III-P, IV-C) were determined and B ultrasound examination of spleen and liver was taken at 0, 12th, 24th week; liver function (during the period of follow-up, liver function and serological indexes for liver fibrosis were evaluated) were observed at 0, 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th week; (2) indexes for safety: blood and urine routine tests, renal function and ECG were examined. RESULTS: (1) Enrollment and demographic data: There was no significant difference between the trial (110 cases) and control group (106 cases) in demographic feature, vital signs, course of illness, history for drug anaphylaxis, history of previous therapy, liver function, serological indexes for liver fibrosis, liver histological examination (99 cases for test group, 96 cases for control group), HBV markers, and renal function, etc. (2) Histological pathological examination: 93 cases of liver histological examination were taken, of these 50 cases for the trial group and 43 cases for control group which turned out to be at S mean value of 2.33 and 2.11 respectively pretreatment according to criteria for liver fibrosis staging. Post-treatment, the trial showed a significant decrease with S value of 1.80 compared to that of pretreatment; however, there was no significant improvement in control group before and after the treatment with S mean value of 2.14. There was significant difference in reversing rate (decrease at least 1 stage according to criteria for liver fibrosis staging) between the trial (52%) and control (23.3%) after liver biopsy. The trial had a rather good effect on improving inflammatory activity and was superior to control group with a marked decrease of mean value of inflammatory activity and score of inflammation (P<0.05). (3)Serological indexes for liver fibrosis: There was a significant decrease in HA, LN, P-III-P, IV-C content in test group after 12 and 24 weeks' treatment compared to that of pretreatment; the differences of HA, LN, P-III-P, IV-C between 12, 24 weeks' treatment and pretreatment were significantly greater than control group (P<0.01 or 0.05); the effectual was defined as 2 of 4 indexes lowered more than 30% of the baseline, according to this criteria, the trial was 72.7%, while control group 27.4% (P<0.01). (4)Liver function: Obvious improvement of serum Alb, ALT, AST, GGT was seen in 2 groups; compared with control group, marked improvement of GGT and Alb in the trial (P<0.05); the effective rate of serum ALT in the trial group was 72.7%, while control 59.4%. (5)No changes of significant difference between pre- and post-treatment in routine tests for blood and urine, renal function and ECG, etc. There was also no difference in the stable rate of ALT and serological indexes for liver fibrosis between the trial and control group 12 weeks after withdrawal (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Fuzheng Huayu Capsule has good effect on alleviating liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B without any adverse effect and is superior to Heluo Shugan Capsule. Fuzheng Huayu Capsule is a safe and effective medicine for the treatment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.

Adult↗