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Results for “ADRENAL CORTEX”

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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Pathological changes in adrenal cortex in rats after phosphorus burn (stereological and histochemical changes)].

The experiment dealt with stereological and histochemical study on the submicroscopic structure of adrenal cortex after phosphorus burn within 15 days. The main findings were as follows: (1). The increased dense lysosome-like bodies in the adrenal cortical cells after burn were not all lysosomes, and it was conjectured they were hormone carrier-protein which might come from the Golgi complex; (2). The ZR cells developed better and had more abundant organelles and higher enzymic activity than other zonal cells. These differences were more obvious after burn. We speculated that ZR was not a degenerated zone, but an important functional area of synthesis and secretion of steroid hormone; (3) Different cellular functional conditions in adrenal cortex were related to the secretory rhythm of the cells.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1979

The cholesterol side chain cleavage system of the rat adrenal cortex and its relationship to the circadian rhythm.

The adrenal mitochondrial cytochrome P450 systems were examined at the low and high points of the circadian rhythm in female rats maintained on a light cycle from 0600--1800 h. The rate of association of cholesterol with the cholesterol side chain cleavage form of cytochorme P450 (P450scc) was measured by light absorption spectrometry. Cholesterol binding to P450scc was as high in rats killed at the beginning of the dark period as it was in stressed rats at the beginning of the light period. Stressing rats at the beginning of the dark period did not result in a further increase in the rate of cholesterol association with P450scc despite a further increase in serum corticosterone levels. This suggests that other reactions of cholesterol metabolism in the adrenal cortex are contributing in a significant way to the increased rate of corticosteroidogenesis seen in the stressed animals.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1990

[Regression of the changes developed in the adrenal cortex in hypercholesterolemia].

Administration of cholesterin to rabbits for 2 months results in its increased concentration in blood and in adrenal cortex. Adrenocorticocytes demonstrate a decreased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, decreased concentration of protein and RNA in cytoplasm, lowered succinate dehydrogenase and 3 beta-ol-++steroid dehydrogenase activity. In 2 months after abolishing cholesterin, a considerable part of the changes mentioned remains. If during this period dexamethasone, inhibiting the gland activity, is administered, the regression of the changes decelerates. Administration of the adrenal cortex activator--corticotropin--facilitates normalization of most of the parameters, altered in the gland under the effect of cholesterin administration.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1977

[Idiopathic adrenal cortex dystrophy with the clinical picture of Addison's disease].

Clinical and autopsy findings are reported of three cases of Addisons disease due to idiopathic dystrophy of the adrenal cortex as seen in two women, 20 and 37 years of age respectively as well as a boy of 14 years. Idiopathic dystrophy of the adrenal cortex as a cause of Addisons disease has become aware of more and more frequently for some years. Its classification as an auto-aggression disease has been made a subject for discussion. Morphological findings and immunological investigations with three own cases confirm this conception. This disease should be reminded of with regard to the problem of clinically diagnosing it and the fatal prognosis of untreated cases.

Addison Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrastructure and function of zona fasciculata cells in the adrenal cortex of mice of differing genetic lines but physiologically normal].

Ultrastructure and function were studied of the cells of zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex of male mice of strains CBA and C57B1. The results obtained point to potentially higher possibilities of the adrenal zona fasciculata in mice of strain C57B1. These data show the role of the genotype in determining the structure and functions of the cells of the adrenal cortex as well as an evident correspondence of the ultrastructural features to the specificity of functions and the level of activity of cells.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed2006

Effects of some endocrine disruptors on the secretory and proliferative activity of the regenerating rat adrenal cortex.

The effects of some endocrine disruptors that possess estrogen-like activity on the secretion and growth of regenerating rat adrenal cortex have been investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-OVX rats. As reference groups, dexamethasone (Dx)-administered sham-OVX and 17beta-estradiol-administered OVX animals were used. Dx, estradiol and endocrine disruptors were subcutaneously injected daily at a dose of 3 nmoles/100 g for 10 consecutive days after surgery, and adrenal enucleation was performed on day 5 of the experiment. Dx and genistein significantly decreased corticosterone plasma concentration (as measured by RIA) in sham-OVX rats with regenerating adrenals, while other disruptors (eusolex, procymidone, linurone, resveratrol, bisphenol-A and and silymarin) were ineffective. Mitotic index (as assayed by the stachmokinetic method with vincristine) was not changed by either Dx or disruptors. Estradiol significantly increased and genistein significantly lowered corticosterone blood level in OVX rats; similar effects were induced in the mitotic index of regenerating adrenals, but the changes were not significant. Eusolex increased the mitotic index, without altering the level of circulating corticosterone. Collectively, our findings allow us to conclude that, of the endocrine disruptors tested, only genistein is able to suppress the secretory activity of regenerating adrenal cortex, this Dx-like effect being apparently unrelated to its estrogen-like activity, and only eusolex enhances the proliferation rate of regenerating adrenal, the effect being conceivably connected with its estrogen-like activity.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1993

Maturational changes in steroidogenesis in the inner and outer zones of the guinea pig adrenal cortex.

Studies were done to determine the effects of age on steroidogenesis in the inner (zona reticularis) and outer (zona fasciculata plus glomerulosa) zones of the guinea pig adrenal cortex. In 35-day-old animals, cortisol production by adrenal outer zone cells was approximately twice as great as that by inner zone cells. With aging, cortisol secretion by inner zone cells decreased to very low levels, but there was no detectable change in the capacity for cortisol production by the outer zone. However, the outer zone comprised a progressively decreasing fraction of the total adrenal mass in older animals. To determine the basis for the decline in cortisol production by inner zone cells with aging, the activities of several steroidogenic enzymes were determined. Microsomal 21-hydroxylase activity was greater in the inner than outer zone but was not significantly affected by age. By contrast, 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity was greater in the outer zone at all ages, and decreased with aging in the inner but not the outer zone. Mitochondrial cholesterol sidechain cleavage and 11 beta-hydroxylase activities were also higher in the outer than inner zone and declined in the inner zone only in older animals. The decrease in inner zone cholesterol sidechain cleavage activity with aging was proportionately greater than the age-dependent changes in other enzyme activities. The results indicate that the effects of aging on steroidogenesis are both zone- and enzyme-specific. The overall decline in cortisol secretion by the guinea pig adrenal cortex with aging is attributable to both a decrease in cortisol production by the cells of the zone reticularis and a disproportionate increase in the mass of the gland comprised by this zone. The decrease in cortisol secretion correlates closely with a decline in cholesterol sidechain cleavage activity in the zona reticularis, and may be causally related.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1995

Involvement of an AP-1 complex in zone-specific expression of the CYP11B1 gene in the rat adrenal cortex.

The CYP11B1 gene, which encodes steroid 11 beta-monooxygenase, which is responsible for the synthesis of cortisol and corticosterone, the major glucocorticoids in mammals, is expressed specifically in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. We have analyzed the promoter region of the rat CYP11B1 gene by using a transient-expression system with adrenocortical Y1 cells and have identified a positive regulatory region. The region contained two adjacent sites for the binding of Y1-cell nuclear proteins: the binding site for an AP-1 transcription factor composed of JunD and a Fos-related protein, and the site for Ad4-binding protein (Ad4BP). The binding of the AP-1 factor to the regulatory region had a suppressive effect on that of Ad4BP in the nuclear extracts. Mutational analyses revealed that the transcriptional activation of the CYP11B1 gene promoter in Y1 cells was attributable to the AP-1 site but not to the Ad4 site. Subsequently, nuclear extracts of the zona fasciculata cells from the rat adrenal cortex were found to contain both AP-1 factor and Ad4BP, whose binding properties to the regulatory region were almost identical to those of the two factors in the Y1-cell nuclear extracts. Moreover, immunohistochemical analyses of rat adrenal cortices showed that the AP-1 factor was present in the nuclei of CYP11B1-expressing cells in the zona fasciculata but not in the nuclei of cells in the other zones. From these results, we propose that the AP-1 transcription factor found in this study plays an important role in the zone-specific expression of the CYP11B1 gene in rat adrenal cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Nur-related factor 1 and nerve growth factor-induced clone B in human adrenal cortex and its disorders.

Nerve growth factor-induced clone B (NGFI-B; NR4A1) and Nur-related factor 1 (Nurr1; NR4A2) are members of NGFI-B family of orphan receptors. We recently demonstrated induction of CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) by Nurr1 and NGFI-B, suggesting possible important roles of these transcriptional factors in the regulation of adrenocortical steroidogenesis. Therefore, we immunolocalized Nurr1 and NGFI-B in various human adrenal specimens to study their biological significance. In nonpathological adrenal glands (n = 25), Nurr1 and NGFI-B immunoreactivities were detected at high levels in the fetal definitive zone or postnatal zona glomerulosa. NGFI-B immunoreactivity was increased according to development in the zona fasciculata, reaching a level similar to that in the zona glomerulosa in adult adrenal cortex. In adrenocortical neoplasms (n = 44), Nurr1 immunoreactivity was higher in aldosteronoma than in Cushing's adenoma or adrenocortical carcinoma. NGFI-B immunoreactivity was also higher in aldosteronoma than in adrenocortical carcinoma, but was not significantly different among the types of adenoma. Both Nurr1 and NGFI-B mRNA expressions were correlated with their immunoreactivities in adrenocortical neoplasms (n = 23), and mRNA expression of Nurr1 was significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with that of CYP11B2. These results suggest that the expression of Nurr1 and NGFI-B plays an important role in human adrenal cortex and its neoplasms, including possible regulation of steroidogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Secretory function of adrenal cortex in chronic alcoholis.

Three groups of male subjects (healthy subjects, chronic alcoholics with liver cirrhosis and patients with acute viral hepatitis) were included in a 24 hour pattern of excretion of the total and some fractions of 17-ketosteroids (KS), basal concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in plasma, as well as changes of concentration of the same steroids in plasma 15, 30 and 60 minutes after a single i.m. injection of insulin. In regard to healthy subjects and patients with acute viral hepatitis, chronic alcoholics with liver cirrhosis excrete decreased quantities of total and some fractions of 17-KS. In regard to healthy subjects, decreased excretion of the sum androsterone and etiocholanole was established as well as increased DHEA secretion in patients with acute viral hepatitis. In chronic alcoholics with liver cirrhosis basal concentrations of 11-OHCS in plasma and their increase after insulin administration are the same as in healthy subjects, but values of DHEA concentrations in plasma are decreased. It has been pointed to the possibility of damages of the secretory function of adrenal cortex in chronic alcoholics with liver cirrhosis. On the basis of above mentioned results, there is an assumption that adrenal gland primarily provides normal secretion of C21 steroid and thus, satisfying needs for these steroids, increases secretion of DHEA. Follow up of DHEA urinary secretion may provide insight into basal activity of adrenal cortex, whereas the functional state of the liver must be taken into account when interpreting the results.

Acute Disease↗