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PubMed2001

Real-world vehicle emissions: a summary of the tenth coordinating research council on-road vehicle emissions workshop.

The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) held its tenth workshop in March 2000, focusing on results from the most recent real-world vehicle emissions research. In this paper, we summarize the presentations from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to emission inventories. Participants in the workshop discussed efforts to improve mobile source emission models and emission inventories, results from gas- and particle-phase emissions studies from spark-ignition and diesel-powered vehicles, new methods for measuring mobile source emissions, improvements in vehicle emission control systems (ECSs), and evaluation of motor vehicle inspection/maintenance (I/M) programs, as well as topics for future research.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed2002

Real-world vehicle emissions: a summary of the Eleventh Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop.

The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) held its eleventh workshop in March 2001, focusing on results from the most recent real-world vehicle emissions research. We summarize the presentations from researchers engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to ambient air quality and emission inventories. Participants in the workshop discussed efforts to improve mobile source emission models and emission inventories, the role of on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems in inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs, particulate matter (PM) emissions, contributions of diesel vehicles to the emission inventory, on-road emissions measurements, fuel effects, unregulated emissions, and microscale and modal emission models, as well as topics for future research.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2004

Real-world vehicle emissions: a summary of the Thirteenth Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop.

The Coordinating Research Council held its thirteenth Vehicle Emissions Workshop in April 2003, when results of the most recent on-road vehicle emissions research were presented. Ongoing work from researchers who are engaged in improving understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to ambient air quality and emission inventories is summarized here. Participants in the workshop discussed efforts to improve mobile source emission models, the role of on-board diagnostic systems in inspection and maintenance programs, light- and heavy-duty vehicle emissions measurements, on- and off-road emissions measurements, effects of fuels and lubricating oils on emissions, as well as topics for future research.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2005

Real-world vehicle emissions: a summary of the 14th coordinating research council on-road Vehicle Emissions Workshop.

The Coordinating Research Council held its 14th Vehicle Emissions Workshop in March 2004, where results of the most recent on-road vehicle emissions research were presented. We summarize ongoing work from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to ambient air quality and emission inventories. Participants in the workshop discussed efforts to improve mobile source emission models, light- and heavy-duty vehicle emissions measurements, on- and off-road emissions measurements, effects of fuels and lubricating oils on emissions, as well as topics for future research.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2004

Assessment of future workshop's usefulness as an ergonomics tool.

This study was carried out to assess Future Workshop (FW) regarding its usefulness as a participatory ergonomics method, using a descriptive evaluation design analysed by phenomenographical approach. The study was conducted among professional cleaners, health care personnel and miners, with a sample of 105 participating subjects in 8 different FWs. Multiple methods, giving a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data, were used for data collection. Good involvement of participants was observed during workshops. Evaluations immediately after FWs and 3 months later showed a strong relationship with high correlation, indicating that the perception of FW participants was very positive. Interviews revealed conformity between developed problem identification and proposed changes. Participants' own perceptions of FW's influence on creativity depict their belief of developed ideas and solutions in order to identify and solve workplace problems. FW is considered to be a useful ergonomics tool, and its qualities are related to structure and practical performance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Report of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's workshop on the performance of laboratory chemical hoods.

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute sponsored a workshop on laboratory chemical hoods on June 8, 9, and 10, 1998, that brought together 24 experts in the field of laboratory chemical hoods to critically assess the information known about hood performance. Workshop participants developed 31 consensus statements that reflect their collective views on the body of knowledge or lack thereof, for laboratory chemical hoods. The consensus statements fall into four broad categories: (1) hood selection, use, and operation; (2) hood and laboratory design issues; (3) ventilation system design issues; and (4) hood performance testing. The consensus statements include 26 statements on what is known and unknown about the performance of laboratory chemical hoods, 2 statements of definition, and 3 statements that reflect the participants' agreement not to agree. The brief commentary that follows each consensus statement provides guidance and recommendations.

Certification↗
PubMed2000

Preparing for elimination of congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS): summary of a workshop on CRS elimination in the United States.

The goal of eliminating indigenous rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the United States in the near future is now within reach, because rubella incidence has been sustained at record-low levels since the mid-1990s. Effective prevention strategies to eliminate CRS and rubella require improvement in the surveillance of CRS and congenital rubella infection (CRI). The purpose of the workshop was to review rubella and CRS epidemiology, as well as current clinical, diagnostic, and laboratory practices, to determine whether new strategies are needed to achieve and document CRS elimination. Workshop participants agreed that surveillance for CRS must be strengthened, particularly through augmented laboratory capabilities, and the case definition for CRS must be revised to reflect the current scientific information available. Further studies of methods are needed to identify high-risk populations and geographic areas for rubella and CRS and to enhance identification of infants with CRS.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Prospects for a group A streptococcal vaccine: rationale, feasibility, and obstacles--report of a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases workshop.

Infections due to group A streptococci (GAS) represent a public health problem of major proportions in both developing and developed countries. Currently available methods of prevention are either inadequate or ineffective, as attested to by the morbidity and mortality associated with this ubiquitous pathogen worldwide. Advances in molecular biology have shed new light on the pathogenesis of GAS infections and have identified a number of virulence factors as potential vaccine targets. Therefore, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened an expert workshop in March 2004 to review the available data and to explore the microbiologic, immunologic, epidemiologic, and economic issues involved in development and implementation of a safe and effective GAS vaccine. Participants included scientists and clinicians involved in GAS research, as well as representatives of United States federal agencies (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Defense, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), the World Health Organization, and the pharmaceutical industry. This report summarizes the deliberations of the workshop.

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1997

Summary of antibody workshop: The Role of Humoral Immunity in the Treatment and Prevention of Emerging and Extant Infectious Diseases.

In the era before antibiotics, human diseases were commonly treated with immune animal and human sera, often with life-saving results. With the advent of emerging infectious diseases, many of which cannot be adequately treated or prevented, attempts to develop antibody treatments have taken on new importance. The role of humoral immunity in treatment and prevention was the focus of discussion at a 1996 workshop. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of neutralization were examined in detail. It was noted that success in passive immunity has frequently been the key element in devising a successful strategy to develop a vaccine for active immunization. The workshop concluded on a cautious note of optimism that antibody-based treatment and prevention for diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, Ebola fever, and others of clinical and public health importance deserve further development and clinical trial.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Iodine nutrition and the risk from radioactive iodine: a workshop report in the chernobyl long-term follow-up study.

The major fallout of radionuclides from the nuclear power station accident at Chernobyl on 26 April, 1986, occurred in regions of Ukraine and Belarus that are believed to be moderately deficient in dietary iodine. On 17 November, 2000, in conjunction with the Ukraine-Belarus-USA study of developing thyroid disease in a cohort of individuals exposed as children, a workshop was held to review what is known about iodine nutrition in the region, how this might influence the risk of thyroid tumor formation from radioiodine, and whether and how iodine nutrition should be monitored in this long-term project. This report is a summary of the workshop proceedings. Although no precise information about iodine intake in 1986 was found, the prevalence of mild goiter in the region's children suggested iodine deficiency and urinary iodine measurements begun in 1990 indicated that mild to moderate deficiency existed. Increased thyroid iodine uptake and increased thyroid size in 1986 resulting from iodine deficiency would have had counteracting influence on the thyroid radiation dose and knowledge of these parameters is required for dose reconstruction. More problematic is the possible role of iodine deficiency in the years following the accident. Theoretically, the resulting increase in thyroid cellular activity might increase the risk of tumorigenesis but experimental or clinical evidence supporting this hypothesis is meager or absent. Despite this limitation it was considered important to monitor iodine nutrition in the cohort subjects in relation to their place of residence and over time. Methods to accomplish this were discussed.

Goiter↗
PubMed1999

Validation of the Nordic flow cytometry standard for CD34+ cell enumeration in blood and autografts: report from the third workshop. Nordic Stem Cell Laboratory Group.

Following two workshops on standardization of enumeration of CD34+ cells in blood and leukapheresis products, the Nordic Stem Cell Laboratory Group (NSCL-G) evaluated the Milan/Mulhouse/Nordic standard in clinical practice during the third workshop (WS-III). This report documents an acceptable interlaboratory variation in the most clinically active laboratories, with a coefficient of variation (CV) below 0.19 in 7 of 8 analyses performed. The introduction of a pan-CD45 antibody in the analysis did not improve the CV. Comparison of two different CD34 class II antibodies on a total of 99 samples and procedures with and without washing on a total of 96 samples revealed a significant correlation (r2 >0.99) for all analyses. Finally, subset analysis of uncommitted and lineage-specific progenitors revealed major gating difficulties, indicating that further improvements are necessary. In an analysis of more than 600 patients undergoing mobilization and harvest of blood progenitors, with about 500 patients autografted, we found a significant correlation between blood levels of CD34+ cells and recovery of CD34+ cells from each harvest as well as between CD34+ cell number reinfused and time to neutrophil and platelet recovery. This report documents for the first time that the very simple Milan/Mulhouse method (termed The Nordic Standard) can be used by a group of laboratories to obtain important clinical information. Consequently, we consider this method as the conventional method in quality assessment of autografts, which should provide a benchmark for development of second-generation improvements.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2003

Electrodermal measurements for monitoring the effects of a qigong workshop.

OBJECTIVES: Electrodermal measurements with a Ryodoraku instrument were used to monitor the effects of a 2-day qigong workshop on the body energy of participants. METHODS: Measurements were made of the relative electrical conductivity of 24 acupuncture points on the wrists and feet of 29 subjects. Each subject was measured in the morning and afternoon of each day, and the subjects served as their own control. RESULTS: The standard deviation of the mean values of the Ryodoraku responses of individuals and of the group were less in the afternoons than in the mornings with p-values of 0.004 and 0.0001 for the first and second days, respectively. The decreases in the values of the standard deviations indicate that the balance of the body energy of individuals and the group had improved, presumably as a result of the workshop. We also found that all Ryodoraku responses were significantly greater in the afternoons than in the mornings, a result that is attributed to a circadian rhythm. CONCLUSIONS: The improved balance of qi energy in the body of the participants indicates that qigong practice has the potential to improve health. Electrodermal measurements for monitoring Eastern and Western therapies are discussed.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1993

Summary of the National Institutes of Health workshop on primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

A Workshop on primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the Office of AIDS Research (OAR) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) was held February 25-26, 1993 in Bethesda, Maryland. The major goals of this scientific meeting were to bring together researchers and infectious disease specialists who have expertise in primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) to review the pathogenesis of PHI, the treatment experience of PHI in humans and of early retroviral infection in animal models, and to devise theoretical and operational strategies for future clinical trials relating to therapeutic intervention of PHI. The proceedings of this workshop are timely and serve to further the development of innovative strategies for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Report from a Nordic workshop on CD34+ cell analysis: technical recommendations for progenitor cell enumeration in leukapheresis from multiple myeloma patients. Nordic Myeloma Study Group Laboratories.

Recently, high-dose chemo- and radiotherapy for newly diagnosed young patients with multiple myeloma has been established in member centers of the Nordic Myeloma Study Group (NMSG). The treatment includes supportive use of autologous hematopoietic blood progenitors harvested by leukapheresis. Safe and adequate hematopoietic support with minimal toxicity requires optimization of the number and quality of harvested progenitors. We have therefore established a workshop consisting of the 11 laboratories within the NMSG with the aim of developing recommendations for enumeration of CD34-positive cells. In this first workshop report, we discuss technical variables affecting the enumeration of progenitors harvested by leukapheresis and make specific recommendations. The products are analyzed within 4 h following erythrocyte lysis using the Ortho lysing solution for 8-10 minutes. A sample containing 0.5-1.0 x 10(6) nucleated cells is incubated with the test or control antibody (anti-CD34 = HPCA-2PE and Ms IgG1PE from Becton Dickinson) at dilutions of 1:10 to 1:40 in a final volume of 1 ml. The samples are incubated 15 minutes at ambient temperature, washed two to three times, and fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde (150 microliters/pellet) for a minimum of 10 minutes. Flow cytometric analysis is performed on 50,000 cellular events with debris eliminated. The estimation of CD34-positive cells can be performed on an FL2-side-scatter plot after marking of a positive population containing > 50 events. Using quadrant statistics, this population can be identified in the upper left quadrant, among cells with the side-scatter profile of small lymphocytic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2006

Biomanufacturing: a US-China National Science Foundation-sponsored workshop.

A recent US-China National Science Foundation-sponsored workshop on biomanufacturing reviewed the state-of-the-art of an array of new technologies for producing scaffolds for tissue engineering, providing precision multi-scale control of material, architecture, and cells. One broad category of such techniques has been termed solid freeform fabrication. The techniques in this category include: stereolithography, selected laser sintering, single- and multiple-nozzle deposition and fused deposition modeling, and three-dimensional printing. The precise and repetitive placement of material and cells in a three-dimensional construct at the micrometer length scale demands computer control. These novel computer-controlled scaffold production techniques, when coupled with computer-based imaging and structural modeling methods for the production of the templates for the scaffolds, define an emerging field of computer-aided tissue engineering. In formulating the questions that remain to be answered and discussing the knowledge required to further advance the field, the Workshop provided a basis for recommendations for future work.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1999

Report of a National Institutes of Health--Centers for Disease Control and Prevention workshop on the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial to estimate the long-term health effects of intentional weight loss in obese persons.

A workshop was convened in 1997 by the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to consider the need for and feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial to estimate the long-term health effects of intentional weight loss in obese persons. Although the benefits of weight loss in obese individuals may seem obvious, little information is available showing that intentional weight loss improves long-term health outcomes. Observational studies may be unable to provide convincing answers about the magnitude and direction of the health effects of intentional weight loss. Workshop participants agreed that a well-designed randomized clinical trial could answer several questions necessary for developing a rational clinical and public health policy for treating obesity. Such information will ultimately provide needed guidance on the risks and benefits of weight loss to health care providers and payers, as well as to millions of obese Americans.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Report of a European consensus workshop to develop recommendations for the optimal use of (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) in lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) comprises a group of related haematological malignancies, predominantly of B-cell origin, which have been described as indolent or aggressive according to their clinical course. Standard treatment for indolent NHL consists of conventional chemotherapy, but, although long-term remissions may occur, most patients will die of their disease. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a novel modality for treating indolent NHL, using monoclonal antibodies to target tumour cells with systemic, low-dose radiation. (90)Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin); Schering AG, Berlin, Germany), the first RIT approved for use in relapsed/refractory indolent NHL, comprises the murine anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ibritumomab, covalently linked to the high-energy beta-emitter, yttrium-90, by the chelator, tiuxetan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary consensus workshop of European clinicians who had taken part in clinical trials of (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan was convened to develop recommendations for the clinical preparation and administration of (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in Europe. The workshop was held in anticipation of European Medicines Agency approval of this agent, which was gained in 2004 for adult patients with rituximab-relapsed or refractory CD20(+) follicular B-cell NHL. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: This article summarises the consensus recommendations developed for hemato-oncologists.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2006

Metabolomics Standards Workshop and the development of international standards for reporting metabolomics experimental results.

Informatics standards and controlled vocabularies are essential for allowing information technology to help exchange, manage, interpret and compare large data collections. In a rapidly evolving field, the challenge is to work out how best to describe, but not prescribe, the use of these technologies and methods. A Metabolomics Standards Workshop was held by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) to bring together multiple ongoing standards efforts in metabolomics with the NIH research community. The goals were to discuss metabolomics workflows (methods, technologies and data treatments) and the needs, challenges and potential approaches to developing a Metabolomics Standards Initiative that will help facilitate this rapidly growing field which has been a focus of the NIH roadmap effort. This report highlights specific aspects of what was presented and discussed at the 1st and 2nd August 2005 Metabolomics Standards Workshop.

Cell Physiological Phenomena↗