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PubMed1975

[Bundle-branch block depending on the heart rate].

Five patients are reported, admitted to the hospital, with diseases predominantly of the cardio-vascular system. During the electrocardiographic examinations bundle branch block was established, depending on heart rate. It fluctuated within the physiological limits from 50 to 90/min. In three of the patients, the bundle branch block appeared with the quickening of the heart rate (tachycardia-depending bundle branch block) and in two of the patients--the bundle branch block appeared during the slowing down of the heart action and disappeared with its quickening (bradicardia-depending bundle branch block). A brief literature review is presented and attention is paid to the possible diagnostic errors and the treatment mode of those patients with cardiac tonic and antiarrhythmic medicaments.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Pathology of the posterior tibial tendon in posterior tibial tendon insufficiency.

Gross and histologic examinations of 15 normal cadaver and 15 surgical posterior tibial tendons from patients with posterior tibial tendon insufficiency were performed. All surgical specimens were abnormal with enlargement distal to the medial malleolus and a dull white appearance. At histologic examination, 12 of 15 cadaver tendons displayed normal tendon structure characterized by linear orientation of collagen bundles, normal fibroblast cellularity, low vascular density, and insertional chondroid metaplasia. The surgical specimens displayed a degenerative tendinosis characterized by increased mucin content, fibroblast hypercellularity, chondroid metaplasia, and neovascularization. This resulted in marked disruption of the linear orientation of the collagen bundles.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Local and diffuse changes in the nerve fiber layer in glaucoma and vascular involvement of the optic papilla. Perimetry correlates].

Alterations in the retinal nerve-fiber layer, as seen in red-free illumination, are early signs of glaucomatous damage. First, small localized defects are often overseen in routine static automated perimetry, as the earliest psychophysical correlation is only a slight, localized increase in short-term fluctuation. Larger, absolute nerve-fiber-bundle defects of glaucomatous or vascular origin lead to broad, arcuate visual field defects, known as Bjerrum scotomata. Diffuse atrophy of the retinal nerve-fiber layer can also be seen in glaucomatous eyes, but it is difficult to detect and can therefore easily be missed by the observer. Perimetric correlations in these cases are mostly identical Bjerrum scotomata, as seen in localized nerve-fiber bundle defects. However, it seems possible that a diffuse reduction in sensitivity can only be detected. If stable fixation is attained, a good, but nevertheless indirect correspondence between the visual field defect and nerve-fiber bundle defect can be obtained by simply superimposing the fundus image on the perimetric results. Fundus-controlled perimetry is a direct combination of these two investigative methods. The advantage of fundus-controlled permetry is a precise, point-to-point correspondence between the fundus image and perimetric results, which is impossible to achieve by projection perimetry. The scanning laser ophthalmoscope is the most suitable device for simultaneously imaging the fundus and conducting psychophysical testing. For static fundus-controlled perimetry we adapted the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope from Rodenstock by adding an infrared laser for fundus imaging. The HeNe laser is still used for background illumination, generation of stimuli, and fixation by computer-controlled acousto-optic modulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on myocardial blood flow measured by oxygen-15 water positron emission tomography in idiopathic-dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block.

Regional and global myocardial blood flow and coronary vascular resistance were determined in patients with idiopathic-dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block before and during cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using oxygen-15 water positron emission tomography. The investigated parameters did not exhibit regional heterogeneity and were not influenced by CRT. This implies that the beneficial effects of CRT do not require additional oxygen demand or regional reallocation of oxidative metabolism.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1975

[Intraepithelial filament bundles of the adult human kidney. Studies by light and electron microscopy and by diffraction analysis (author's transl)].

In studies of semi-thin sections of adult human kidney it is found that the structures formerly known as "Basalreifen" can be definitely related to basal cytoplasmic portions of the renal epithelium. Under the electron microscope they appear as bundles of filaments, usually having a width of 50-85 A. They are particularly well developed in the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and are also present in the proximal and distal tubule where they are more abundant than in other parts of the nephron. The filament bundles proceed toward hemidesmosome-like structures at the basal border of the epithelia and sometimes contain dense bodies in the parietal capsular epithelium of the glomerulus; these bundles are probably responsible for local intra- and/or supravital protrusions of the cytoplasm. Findings in some diseased kidneys are also presented. Diffraction analysis of intrarenal vascular muscle cells and intraepithelial filament bundles gave comparable photographic records of the image structure spectrograms; it supports the assumption derived from the electron microscopic results that the intraepithelial filament bundles represent a contractile complex. However, the conclusiveness of image structure analysis in comparing the two biological objects is limited, as outlined in the discussion. With regard to renal function the significance of the intraepithelial filament bundles is still unclear. Periglomerular interstitial cells, which normally contain only narrow tracts of filaments in the periphery, had many of the characteristics of smooth muscle cells in a case of pyelonephritic renal cirrhosis. They are compared with myofibroblasts of a different origin.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1982

[Mesoscopic and microscopic aspects of the hypoglossal nerve (author's transl)].

Mesoscopic observations on the hypoglossal nerve at the level of the superior portion of the hýpoglossal canal, show that this nerve is separated by bundles, which are attached to the wall of the venous plexus of the hypoglossal canal by means of numerous fibrous septum disposed transversally to the lumen of the canal. The union of the bundles constituting the trunk of the hypoglossal nerve only occurs near this emergency of the base skull through of the hypoglossal canal. One of this nervous bundles described stretch adhesive to the wall of the venous plexus of the hypoglossal canal, while the others are disposed centrally to the lumen of the canal. The central bundle and the fibrous septum delimit tha vascular compartments of the venous plexus of the hypoglossal canal. Microscopically, connective sheaths around the nervous bundles composed of fascicles of circular, oblique, longitudinal collagenic fibers were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Kaposi sarcoma of major salivary gland origin: A clinicopathologic series of six cases.

BACKGROUND: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), one of the defining tumors of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is rarely identified in the major salivary glands. To the authors' knowledge, no previous published series has evaluated the clinicopathologic aspects of this tumor in major salivary glands. METHODS: Six cases of salivary gland KS, diagnosed between 1970 and 1998, were retrieved from the files of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Registry of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Histologic features were reviewed and special stains, immunohistochemical studies, and in situ hybridization were performed (n = 4). Patient follow-up data were obtained. RESULTS: The patients included 6 men ages 20-73 years (average, 53.0 years). Patients presented clinically with a mass in the submandibular (n = 4) or parotid (n = 2) gland region. Symptoms were present for a mean of 13.7 months. The tumors measured 1-4 cm (average, 2.5 cm) in greatest dimension. Histologically, the tumors exhibited the usual features of KS: a spindle cell vascular proliferation arranged in fasciculated bundles, variable nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic figures, extravasated erythrocytes, and hyaline globules. Five patients were serologically positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (three homosexual males, one infected by a contaminated blood transfusion, and one with an unknown risk factor). Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) was present in all cases tested (n = 4). Patients were treated with surgical excision (n = 6), followed by chemotherapy (n = 1) for the single patient with other foci of KS (rectal). Three patients died of AIDS-related infectious complications and one of congestive heart failure, whereas the remaining patients are alive with AIDS but free of salivary gland KS. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary gland enlargement is frequently identified in HIV positive or AIDS patients. Although rare, it is important to consider KS in the differential diagnosis of other AIDS-related salivary gland manifestations (infections and tumors).

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic value of abdominal fat tissue aspirate in familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

To confirm amyloid deposition we performed aspiration biopsy of abdominal fat tissue in 14 patients with type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). All patients, about half of whom were at an early stage of disease and lacking severe neurological disabilities, showed positive amyloid deposition in preparations stained with Congo red. On light and electron microscopic examinations deposits of amyloid were observed around fat cells and small vascular walls, and among collagen bundles. All patients in the study were demonstrated to have a variant transthyretin in their sera by radioimmunoassay. Abdominal fat tissue aspiration can be easily performed with an ordinary syringe and is very sensitive for detecting amyloid deposition. The procedure is valuable in the diagnosis of type I FAP patients with actual deposition of amyloid substance, even at an early stage.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Senile plaques and neurofibrillary changes in the brain of an aged lemurian primate, Microcebus murinus.

In some aged Microcebus brains (8- to 11-year-old animals) dramatic atrophy is found, particularly of the cortex, the hippocampus, the basal ganglia, the brainstem and the cerebellum, associated with a conspicuous increase in the size of the cerebral ventricles. These morphological changes are accompanied by certain histological profiles indicative of pathology. In the cortex, these histological changes consist of 1) a large number of senile plaques composed of degenerated neurites sometimes surrounding an amyloid plaque, 2) amyloid deposits in the vascular walls and 3) dense bundles of argyrophilic filaments in numerous pyramidal neurons. All these lesions resemble changes associated with Alzheimer's disease in man. The degenerative changes observed in the Microcebus brain are accompanied by behavioral changes. At the moment these preliminary studies, carried out on the smallest of all primates, do not prove that the degeneration is of the Alzheimer type, but do indicate that Microcebus murinus may well be a good model for the study of cerebral aging, providing a comparison with cerebral ageing in humans. The size, life span and cost of the animal provide further advantages when compared with other nonhuman primates.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1990

An animal model of prophylactic cranial irradiation: histologic effects at acute, early and delayed stages.

Wistar rats (body wt. 200 g) were subjected to a fractionated course of radiation similar to that used in prophylactic brain irradiation for small cell carcinoma of the lung (2000 cGy in 5 fractions over 5 days with 60Co). Effects of this regimen were assessed by histologic examination of brain sections at 1 week, 1 month and 6 months post-irradiation. With conventional stains there were no apparent differences between control and irradiated brains at any of the post-irradiation intervals. Immunohistochemistry for neurotransmitter synthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamate decarboxylase, as well as histochemistry for acetylcholinesterase, failed to uncover any changes in the irradiated animals. Immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, also showed no differences in the irradiated groups. However, an antibody against a major histocompatibility complex, class II antigen (OX-6) revealed a microglial response in grey and white matter beginning at 1 month and increasing up to the 6 month post-irradiation interval. The neuroanatomical basis for this microglial response was suggested by the results of silver stains for nerve axons, which revealed axonal loss in striatal white matter bundles in a pattern implicating vascular insufficiency.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2002

Discontinuous capillary segments in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of aged BUF/Mna rats.

We examined the structural changes of capillaries in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of aged (25 months) male BUF/Mna rats, which caused severe muscle weakness of hind legs during aging. The aged muscle mostly consisted of bundles of muscle fibres 15-35 microm in diameter (type 1). In some small areas, however, muscle bundles contained small muscle fibres mainly 15-25 microm in diameter (type 2), possibly indicating that these small fibres are in the course of regeneration after necrosis. Examination of serial ultrathin sections revealed some remarkable changes of capillaries in the type 2 muscle bundle. In some capillaries, the vascular lumen became discontinuous by several close contacts of opposed endothelial cells in their course, forming plural closed vascular segments. Moreover, a solitary endothelial cell was often observed within a scaffold of basal lamina, which remained after destruction of endothelial cells. The segmentation of capillaries and the occurrence of the scaffolds of basal laminae are considered to indicate the degenerative process of capillaries. In some instances, on the other hand, endothelial cells closely apposed each other with no vascular lumen for distances of up to 100 microm, and some capillaries had a narrow vascular lumen (1-3 microm diameter) for a long distance (approximately 300 microm), probably indicating that these structures are in the course of regenerating capillaries to remodel the capillary networks around the muscle fibres. Pericytic processes circularly arranged outside the endothelium at the slit-like and narrow vascular lumen, like hoops, possibly preventing the rupture of the newly-formed vascular lumen from the increased blood flow and/or blood pressure. In addition, the occasional occurrence of capillaries with fenestrations may participate to increase the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating muscle fibres. The present findings suggest that the capillary networks in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of aged BUF/Mna rats are remodelled following the regeneration of muscle fibres after necrosis, and that on occasion, neighbouring endothelial cells may closely contact with each other both in the degenerative and regenerative processes of capillaries.

Aging↗
PubMed2005

Clitoral anatomy in nulliparous, healthy, premenopausal volunteers using unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

PURPOSE: We determined the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of normal clitoral anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of MRI studies of 10 healthy, nulliparous volunteers with no prior surgery and normal pelvic examination was studied and the key characteristics of clitoral anatomy were determined. A range of different magnetic resonance sequences was used without any contrast agent. RESULTS: The axial plane best revealed the clitoral body and its proximal continuation as the paired crura. The glans was seen more caudal than the body of the clitoris. The bulbs of the clitoris had the same signal as the rest of the clitoris in the axial plane and they related consistently to the other erectile structures. The bulbs, body and crura formed an erectile tissue cluster, namely the clitoris. In turn, the clitoris partially surrounded the urethra and vagina, forming a consistently observed tissue complex. Midline sagittal section revealed the shape of the body, although in this plane the rest of the clitoris was poorly displayed. The coronal plane revealed the relationship between the clitoral body and labia. The axial section cephalad to the clitoral body best revealed the vascular component of the neurovascular bundle to the clitoris. The fat saturation sequence particularly highlighted clitoral anatomy in healthy, premenopausal, nulliparous women. CONCLUSIONS: Normal clitoral anatomy has been clearly demonstrated using noncontrast pelvic MRI.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Mannose-6-Phosphate Reductase, a Key Enzyme in Photoassimilate Partitioning, Is Abundant and Located in the Cytosol of Photosynthetically Active Cells of Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Source Leaves.

Mannitol, a major photosynthetic product and transport carbohydrate in many plants, accounts for approximately 50% of the carbon fixed by celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves. Previous subfractionation studies of celery leaves indicated that the enzymes for mannitol synthesis were located in the cytosol, but these data are inconsistent with that published for the sites of sugar alcohol synthesis in other families and taxa, including apple (Malus) and a brown alga (Fucus). Using antibodies to a key synthetic enzyme, NADPH-dependent mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR), and immunocytochemical techniques, we have resolved both the inter-cellular and intracellular sites of mannitol synthesis. In leaves, M6PR was found only in cells containing ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. M6PR was almost exclusively cytosolic in these cells, with the nucleus being the only organelle to show labeling. The key step in transport carbohydrate biosynthesis that is catalyzed by M6PR displays no apparent preferential association with vascular tissues or with the bundle sheath. These results show that M6PR and, thus, mannitol synthesis are closely associated with the distribution of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in celery leaves. The principal role of M6PR is, therefore, in the assimilation of carbon being exported from the chloroplast, and it seems unlikely that this enzyme plays even an indirect role in phloem loading of mannitol.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Distribution of the cytoskeletal protein beta-tubulin in normal lung, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and lung tumours.

Tubulin is the major protein of microtubules. The immunocytochemical distribution of tubulin within the human respiratory tract has not been investigated in detail and no analysis of diseased lung or lung tumours has been undertaken. We therefore studied the distribution of beta-tubulin in formalin-fixed normal lung (n = 6), cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (n = 10) and lung tumours (n = 66), using a monoclonal antibody to beta-tubulin. In normal lung positive immunostaining was observed in all ciliated epithelium from the trachea down to bronchiolar level; blood vessel endothelium, vascular smooth muscle and nerve bundles were also strongly positive; pneumocytes, cartilage and airway smooth muscle gave weak staining. A similar distribution of beta-tubulin was seen in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, but with strong tubulin immunostaining of fibroblasts in the interstitium and of the cytoplasm of ciliated respiratory epithelial cells. In lung tumours, six of 17 (35%) adenocarcinomas, one of two adenosquamous and one of 17 (5%) squamous cell carcinomas gave strong immunostaining. All six large cell carcinomas gave strong immunostaining for tubulin. In neuroendocrine tumours, two of seven (28%) carcinoids, two of seven (28%) atypical carcinoids and seven of 10 (70%) small cell carcinomas were strongly positive for tubulin. beta-Tubulin is widely distributed in the normal and diseased respiratory tract and is found in many lung tumours, particularly in large cell and small cell carcinomas which are highly aggressive in behaviour.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Lymphangiosarcoma in a young dog.

Lymphangiosarcoma was diagnosed from biopsy material obtained from an 8-week-old puppy with a progressively enlarging subcutaneous inguinal swelling. Histologically, the tumor was composed of endothelial cells immediately adjacent to large collagen bundles. Tumor cells formed irregular vascular channels which extended along the connective tissue investments of small vessels and nerves of the subcutis and deep dermis. Similar neoplastic tissue extensively infiltrated an inguinal lymph node. Neoplastic cells were immunohistochemically stained for factor 8-related antigen and were weakly positive when compared with several hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous micropinocytotic vesicles and a continuous basal lamina. The puppy was euthanatized at 8 months of age due to severe septic polyarthritis. Lymphangiosarcoma was documented at the site of the original tumor as well as in the axillary lymph node at necropsy.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Angiolipomatous tumors in dogs and a cat.

Variants of lipoma are uncommon, although fibrolipoma and infiltrative lipoma have been well documented. This report describes two cases of rare angiolipoma in dogs and the first documentation of angiofibrolipoma and infiltrating angiolipoma in a cat and a dog, respectively. Tumors were solitary, and most were located on the thorax of middle-aged patients. Angiolipomas were composed of mature adipose tissue mixed with variable numbers of blood vessels. In addition to the adipose and vascular components, the angiofibrolipoma contained bundles of collagenous connective tissue. The infiltrative angiolipoma had a primary mass external to the muscle and was histologically similar to a mixed intramuscular hemangioma that was confined to the muscle. Both disrupted bundles of striated muscle and were associated with segmental degeneration and loss of myofibers.

Angiolipoma↗
PubMed1975

The effects of cosmic particle radiation on pocket mice aboard Apollo XVII: appendix II. Evaluation of oral, dental, and skeletal tissues.

A sparse neutrophilic leukocytic infiltrate was found in the gingival sulcus, both in the flight and the control animals, while no changes were observed in the palate. Mitoses in gingival and palatal tissues were in approximately equal numbers in all animal groups. The tongues of flight mice and controls contained areas characterized by vascular dilatation, separation of muscle bundles, and regressive and degenerative changes in muscle fibers. Mucous glands in the posterior part of the tongue of flight and control animals exhibited acinar distension. Also examined were the vertebral column; femur, knee joint, tibia and fibula of the right hindlimb; and the tracheal cartilages. No evidence of cosmic ray particle effects was found in any of these tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[The 2 key muscles in thoracotomy for excision of the lung. The latissimus dorsi and the levator scapulae muscles].

Anatomical data related to the thoracotomies performed most frequently in lung surgery are described in some detail: continuity between serratus anterior and levator scapulae as a vide muscular sheet possessing a common deep aponeurosis (thoracolumbar fascia) extending Gilis' space to the vertebral column as the levator scapulae-thoraci space; presence of a "composite aponeurosis" in the posterior angle between serratus anterior and levator scapulae, covering the 8th rib triangle or triangle of auscultation; long costal insertion area and presence of two differently orientated muscle layers for the digitations, particularly of apical bundle. Supplied by a rich vascularization of multiple sources, the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi are two muscles with single longitudinal nerve pedicles derived from brachial plexus. It is certainly the denervation which is responsible for the distal atrophy of these muscles "sectioned on the right of the selected ribs" following conventional thoracotomy. To avoid esthetic and functional sequelae this innervation must be preserved as far as possible by: interrupting division of serratus anterior anterior to long thoracic nerve and avoiding inclusion of axillary border of latissimus dorsi during lateral thoracotomy; sectioning the latissimus dorsi as low as possible--the other muscles being simply freed and inclined--during lateral thoracotomy.

Arteries↗