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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Portal pressure, renal function and hormonal profile after acute and chronic captopril treatment in cirrhosis.

The acute effects of captopril in cirrhosis are well known but there are few descriptions of the pattern of response to chronic administration of captopril in this disease. Nine nonuraemic cirrhotic patients with ascites and portal hypertension were studied after 1 week on fixed sodium and water intake (balance diet) and following acute and chronic treatment with captopril (three doses of 25 mg every 30 min and 75 mg.day-1 for three weeks, respectively). Whilst on the balance diet, 7/9 patients were unable to excrete the amount of sodium ingested. After the acute administration of captopril, a significant reduction was seen in arterial blood pressure (86.9 vs 77 mm Hg), with no change in the intra-hepatic pressures (free suprahepatic pressure, FSHP: 15.0 vs 12.1 mm Hg and wedged suprahepatic pressure, WSHP: 22.9 vs 20.7 mm Hg). After chronic captopril treatment, a drop was observed in portal pressure (FSHP: 9.4 mm Hg and WSHP 18.8 mm Hg, NS) and the arterial pressure returned to its basal level. The plasma aldosterone concentration decreased, whilst noradrenaline and dopamine increased significantly, the latter more than the former, leading to a reduction in the noradrenaline/dopamine ratio (14.5 vs 5.0). Seven out of nine patients showed enhanced natriuresis and the remaining two, who previously had had a positive sodium balance failed to do so. These haemodynamic, hormonal and renal changes were interpreted as evidence of blockade of angiotensin II generation by captopril, and also as a homoeostatic response by the sympathetic nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Benzodiazepine receptor-dependent modulation of neutrophil (PMN) free amino- and alpha-keto acid profiles or immune functions.

We have examined the effects of midazolam, Ro 5-4864 (agonist for "peripheral" [p] benzodiazepine receptors [BR]), PK 11195 (antagonist for pBR), flumazenil (antagonist for "central" BR), naloxone (antagonist for opiate receptors) and the combination of midazolam and Ro 5-4864, PK 11195, flumazenil or naloxone on intracellular amino- and alpha-keto acids and the immune function markers superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and released myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in neutrophils (PMN). Only midazolam and Ro 5-4864 led to significant changes in the dynamic PMN free amino- and alpha-keto acid pools. Concerning PMN immune function markers, midazolam and Ro 5-4864 significantly decreased O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) formation and released MPO. When midazolam and Ro 5-4864 were applied together they appeared to act additively. Pre-incubation with PK 11195 partially neutralized the midazolam effects whereas flumazenil or naloxone showed no effects. We therefore believe that pBR are involved in the signal transmission of anesthetic-induced cellular metabolic changes in PMN.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The effect of dental profile on daily functions of the elderly.

The aim of the study was to evaluate statistically dentition and its effect on daily functions for a group of elderly volunteers. The study was conducted on 144 elderly people (86 males, 58 females) living in different nursing homes in Ankara, Turkey. Their ages varied between 60 and 100 years. Data assessed as dentition variables were number of teeth remaining and prosthesis use. Nearly 55% of the residents were edentulous and removable prosthesis users. The mean number of remaining teeth in subjects aged 60-69 was highest for all age groups in both sexes. The level of education and dental insurance of these subjects were also correlated with the dentition of elderly subjects. We found a statistically significant increase in the number of removable prosthesis users among educated and insured subjects. Functional capacity was better when the subjects had more remaining teeth or a removable prostheses. It is revealed by this study that healthy and good dentition prevents the decline of daily function and improves the social interaction and general well being of the elderly.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Profiles of neuropsychologic function in schizophrenia.

In this article, the author reviews basic neuropsychologic issues in the study of schizophrenia. The first issue is whether cognitive dysfunction reflects a degenerative process or is a core feature of the disorder. Evidence demonstrating that cognitive difficulties are present at illness onset and are not caused by medication, illness progression, or other nonspecific factors is reviewed. The second question is less easily answered and deals with whether cognitive difficulties represent generalized dysfunction or differential deficits in specific neurocognitive domains. One difficulty in answering this question is the heterogeneous nature of the disorder. Clinical and cognitive subtyping approaches to reducing heterogeneity are discussed, with the conclusion that cognitive approaches hold the most promise for understanding subtype differences in neurobiologic substrates. Finally, the relation of cognitive ability to functional outcome is described, and it is explained why there is a resurgent interest in remediation efforts. The article closes with suggestions for future directions.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMed1994

Endothelial function and vasodilator profile of the inferior epigastric artery.

In the inferior epigastric artery, endothelium-dependent relaxations in response to substance P, histamine, and acetylcholine were present. These were greater than reported values in saphenous veins but less than the documented responses in internal mammary and gastroepiploic arteries. Endothelium-independent stimulation with nifedipine, papaverine, sodium nitroprusside, and glyceryl trinitrate induced relaxations that also were reduced compared with established arterial conduits. These findings appear to justify the clinical use of the inferior epigastric artery as a coronary bypass graft with monitoring of its long-term results and possibly perioperative pharmacologic manipulations.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1985

Contraception with subdermal ST-1435 capsules: side-effects, endocrine profiles and liver function related to different lengths of capsules.

One Silastic capsule of 15 mm, 20 mm or 30 mm length was inserted subcutaneously into the ventral aspect of the left forearm or upper arm of 28 healthy women during menstrual bleeding or not later than on the seventh day of the menstrual cycle. A new capsule of the same length was inserted after six months and both capsules were removed twelve months after the first insertion. Side-effects, including changes in body weight, blood pressure, menstrual bleeding and liver function test results, were registered. Blood samples were taken from selected subjects twice a week during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th and 12th month of use. Plasma concentrations of ST-1435 were measured by radioimmunoassay and the effects of treatment on pituitary and ovarian function were determined by assaying plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. There were no differences in hormonal side-effects between subjects who had a 30 mm capsule or subjects who had 20 mm or 15 mm capsules, but subjects who had 20 or 15 mm capsules had significantly longer bleeding or spotting periods in comparison with subjects who had a 30 mm capsule. There were no changes in blood pressure, body weight or liver function test results in comparison with pre-insertion values. The plasma level of ST-1435 was not significantly higher during the use of 30 mm capsules than during the use of 20 or 15 mm capsules. During the use of the shorter ST-1435 capsules, plasma estradiol elevation and slightly suppressed FSH were seen, while the use of longer capsules resulted in a slight suppression of LH. Progesterone concentrations during monitored cycles indicated anovulation. No pregnancies occurred during the study period of one year. The continuation rate at one year was 71% in the 30 mm capsule group and 57% in the 20 and 15 mm capsule groups taken together.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Characterisation of a recombinant P2Y purinoceptor.

We have previously cloned a cDNA encoding a G-protein-coupled P2 purinoceptor from chick brain and designated this as a P2Y1 purinoceptor (Webb, T.E., J. Simon, B.J. Krishek, A.N. Bateson, T.G. Smart, B.J. King, G. Bumstock and E.A. Barnard, 1993, FEBS Lett. 324, 219). Here, we describe the further characterisation of this recombinant receptor expressed in both simian kidney endothelial (COS-7) cells and Xenopus oocytes. In transfected COS-7 cell membranes, the recombinant receptor showed a high level of expression (Bmax = 7.9 +/- 2.2. pmol [35S]dATP alpha S bound/mg protein) and affinity (Kd = 6.6 +/- 0.3 nM). In these COS-7 cells, the activation of the implanted purinoceptor induced a suramin-sensitive formation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphatic (1,4,5InsP3). Upon expression in Xenopus oocytes, ATP was the only natural nucleoside triphosphate to elicit a Ca(2+)-activated chloride current. The P2 purinoceptor antagonists suramin and Reactive Blue-2 were both able to inhibit this evoked current. Utilizing both expression systems, the binding affinity profile and the functional pharmacological profile of the agonists, the common series found was: 2-methylthioATP (2-MeSATP) > or = ATP > ADP beta S > ADP. These two agonist series and the lack of activity of adenosine, alpha, beta-methyleneATP (alpha, beta-meATP), 3'-O-(4-benzoyl) benzoyl-ATP (Bz-ATP) and UTP, together confirmed that this receptor is a specific subtype of the P2Y purinoceptors.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2005

Professional accountability for diabetes care in Taiwan.

This study examined the performance of diabetes care measures in Taiwan and evaluated the influencing factors for professional accountability. We analyzed the year 2001 claims data from National Health Insurance (NHI) program in Taipei Branch. Professional accountability for diabetes care was measured by the adherence for laboratory monitor, either from patient- or hospital-viewpoint. Identifying the major care unit for each patient, a multiple logistic regression model was used to further assess the mixed effects of patient and hospital characteristics. The percentage of patients ever received measures in the year for plasma glucose, A(1C), urinalysis, renal function test, lipid profile, liver function test, and eye ground was 76.3, 42.7, 40.2, 59.7, 59.2, 53.2, and 16.8% respectively. About 19.2% patients never received any one of the measures. Patients with hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive or anti-hyperlipidemic agents, hospitalization, emergency service visit and frequent visits were more likely to receive exams. Hospitals with different levels, ownerships, locales or qualifications as diabetes care institutions presented different accountability for diabetes care measures. After regression, counts of visits and levels of hospitals had persistently effects on all the measures. Our analysis revealed sub-optimal diabetes care in Taiwan and concluded the importance of enhancing care quality from primary settings.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Integrated widely targeted metabolomics and GC-IMS reveal dynamic flavor, nutritional, functional, and metabolic profiles in macadamia kernels during processing.

Different processing stages influence the color, flavor, and antioxidant activities of macadamia kernels. However, the biochemical mechanisms that occur during processing are not well known. This study integrated widely targeted metabolomics (UPLC-MS/MS) with GC-IMS to systematically characterize non-volatile and volatile compounds in macadamia kernels across key three sample groups: fresh kernels (FMN), low-temperature-dried kernels (DMN), and roasted kernels (BMN). A total of 622 non-volatile metabolites and 52 volatile compounds were identified. Low-temperature drying promoted the accumulation of phenolic acids and flavonoids, enhancing antioxidant capacity. Roasting degraded heat-sensitive nutrients but generated flavor compounds via Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation, shifting aroma from green to nutty notes. Nutritional assessment confirmed that roasting significantly reduced antioxidant activities and bile acid binding capacity. Pearson correlation analysis verified the key metabolite-antioxidant relationships. These findings provide critical insights into metabolic dynamics during nut processing and establish a scientific basis for optimizing thermal processing strategies.

Metabolomics↗
PubMed2026

Mechanisms of high-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB) on microbial counts, functional properties, phenolic profile transformation, and volatile compounds in celery stalks (Apium graveolens L.).

In this study, celery stalks were pretreated with different durations (0-150 s) of high-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB), followed by far-infrared radiation assisted pulsed vacuum freeze-drying (FIR-PVFD) at 60, 65, and 70 °C. The effects of HHAIB on the physicochemical properties, composition and transformation of phenolic compounds, volatile components, and antioxidant capacity of FIR-PVFD-dried celery stalks were systematically investigated. The results showed that HHAIB not only effectively reduced the counts of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) and total yeast and mold (TYM), but also decreased the relative activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and lipoxygenase (LOX) by more than 91% after 90 s of treatment. HHAIB altered the cellular structure of celery stalks, shortened the drying time by 29.33-41.43%, and improved their hydration properties. HHAIB pretreatment promoted the conversion of bound phenolics to free phenolics in celery stalks, with significant increases in the contents of p-coumaric acid, apigenin, graveobioside A, and other components. The total free phenolic content increased by 56.99%, thus HHAIB enhanced the antioxidant activity. An electronic nose and sensory evaluation revealed that HHAIB-pretreated celery stalks better retained the characteristic herbal and pungent notes. GC-MS results indicated that HHAIB treatment optimized the aroma profile by regulating the contents and composition of terpenes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and aromatic compounds.

Apium↗
PubMed2005

Sympathetic innervation of ciliary muscle and oculomotor function in emmetropic and myopic young adults.

PURPOSE: Evidence exists for an additional inhibitory accommodative control system mediated by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This work aims to show the relative prevalence of sympathetic inhibition in young emmetropic and myopic adults, and to evaluate the effect of sympathetic facility on accommodative and oculomotor function. METHODS: Profiling of ciliary muscle innervation was carried out in 58 young adult subjects (30 emmetropes, 14 early onset myopes, 14 late onset myopes) by examining post-task open-loop accommodation responses, recorded continuously by a modified open-view infrared optometer. Measurements of amplitude of accommodation, tonic accommodation, accommodative lag at near, AC/A ratio, and heterophoria at distance and near were made to establish a profile of oculomotor function. RESULTS: Evidence of sympathetic inhibitory facility in ciliary smooth muscle was observed in 27% of emmetropes, 21% of early-onset myopes and 29% of late-onset myopes. Twenty-six percent of all subjects demonstrated access to sympathetic facility. Closed-loop oculomotor function did not differ significantly between subjects with sympathetic facility, and those with sympathetic deficit. CONCLUSIONS: Emmetropic and myopic groups cannot be distinguished in terms of the relative proportions having access to sympathetic inhibition. Presence of sympathetic innervation does not have a significant effect on accommodative function under closed-loop viewing conditions.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2024

Ribosomal DNA copy number variation associates with hematological profiles and renal function in the UK Biobank.

The phenotypic impact of genetic variation of repetitive features in the human genome is currently understudied. One such feature is the multi-copy 47S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) that codes for rRNA components of the ribosome. Here, we present an analysis of rDNA copy number (CN) variation in the UK Biobank (UKB). From the first release of UKB whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, a discovery analysis in White British individuals reveals that rDNA CN associates with altered counts of specific blood cell subtypes, such as neutrophils, and with the estimated glomerular filtration rate, a marker of kidney function. Similar trends are observed in other ancestries. A range of analyses argue against reverse causality or common confounder effects, and all core results replicate in the second UKB WGS release. Our work demonstrates that rDNA CN is a genetic influence on trait variance in humans.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Butyrate increases production of human chimeric IgG in CHO-K1 cells whilst maintaining function and glycoform profile.

The influence of sodium butyrate on the production and glycosylation of recombinant mouse/human chimeric antibody by transfected CHO-K1 cells was investigated. We selected cells expressing 'wild-type' antibody with a human IgG3 heavy chain and a mutant of this molecule in which Phe 243 is replaced by Ala. These proteins have previously been shown to exhibit very different glycoform profiles with the mutant IgG being comprised of glycoforms having a high galactose and sialic acid content. Cell culture with 0-5 mM butyrate was shown to effect a 2-4-fold increase in antibody production whilst the induction of apoptosis was observed in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal butyrate concentration was observed to be 2 mM. The glycoform profile of each antibody produced in the presence of butyrate was analyzed by HPAEC-PAD and shown to be unchanged, relative to that produced in the absence of butyrate. Biological activity was evaluated by the ability of the antibodies to trigger superoxide generation, through Fc gamma RI, and shown to be independent of production in the presence or absence of butyrate. A similar increase in production was observed for a high antibody-producing cell line when expanded in a hollow fibre bioreactor under low-serum conditions (1%). These results demonstrated that butyrate is of value for increasing the productivity of CHO-K1 for recombinant IgG and does not compromise either glycosylation or biological activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

High-resolution functional proteomics by active-site peptide profiling.

Characterization and functional annotation of the large number of proteins predicted from genome sequencing projects poses a major scientific challenge. Whereas several proteomics techniques have been developed to quantify the abundance of proteins, these methods provide little information regarding protein function. Here, we present a gel-free platform that permits ultrasensitive, quantitative, and high-resolution analyses of protein activities in proteomes, including highly problematic samples such as undiluted plasma. We demonstrate the value of this platform for the discovery of both disease-related enzyme activities and specific inhibitors that target these proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Post-concussive syndrome: paraclinical signs, subjective symptoms, cognitive functions and MMPI profiles.

In order to investigate the organic and psychogenic components of post-concussive syndrome (PCS), the subjective complaints, the cognitive findings and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of 53 consecutive mild head injury patients (MHI) with persistent PCS were evaluated. The results seem to suggest the presence of two groups: in the first, minimal lesional signs were associated with more prolonged loss of consciousness (LC) and post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), as well as an MMPI profile not indicative of a neurotic state, whereas in the second the absence of any lesional sign was associated with shorter LC and PTA duration, as well as evidence of neurotic MMPI scores. A female prevalence was observed in the first group and a male prevalence in the other one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Endocrine profiles and luteal function during GnRH-analogue/HMG therapy.

We have found a significant improvement of pregnancy rates after pretreatment with an agonist of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH-a). The pregnancy rate in patients treated with HMG/HCG was 17% per patient and 5.5% per cycle, in patients treated with buserelin, 25% per patient and 15% per cycle and in the triptorelin group 25% per patient and 22% per cycle. From 740 HMG/HCG cycles without GnRH-a only 66% were sufficient according to the analytical data. In 16% we found a premature LH discharge and in 18% an irregular LH fluctuation during stimulation. It is clear that gonadotrophin stimulation during pituitary suppression provokes a more intense ovarian reaction with respect to the number of follicles, as well as the endocrine activity. There are also some important practical advantages: ovarian stimulation can be started without any respect to a definite time of menstruation or of the cycle. Of further importance is the much greater flexibility in the timing of HCG administration. Finally, it will be favourable for all patients who need ovulation induction, especially for oocyte retrieval for IVF or GIFT, because no cycle has to be cancelled.

Anovulation↗
PubMed2001

Changes in plasma inhibin A levels during sexual maturation in the female chicken and the effects of active immunization against inhibin alpha-subunit on reproductive hormone profiles and ovarian function.

Inhibins and activins are firmly implicated in the control of pituitary FSH secretion and ovarian follicular development in mammals. As in mammals, inhibin A and activin A are expressed in the preovulatory follicles of birds, and a defined ovulation cycle for inhibin A has recently been demonstrated in the laying hen. To investigate further the role of inhibin-related proteins in developing pullets, circulating concentrations of inhibin A, inhibin B, total immunoreactive inhibin alpha-subunit (ir-alpha), activin A, LH, FSH, and progesterone were measured from the juvenile state through to sexual maturity in 22 birds. In the 11 birds assigned to control groups, plasma inhibin A levels were low from 7 to 13 wk of age rising about threefold to a peak at Week 19 after which levels fell slightly to a plateau level characteristic of adult hens. Plasma inhibin A levels were negatively correlated with FSH (r = -0. 33; P: < 0.001) and positively correlated with progesterone (r = 0. 67; P: < 0.001) and ir-alpha (r = 0.53; P: < 0.001). Plasma ir-alpha levels were much higher than inhibin A levels although the relative differences varied with age. Plasma levels of inhibin B and activin A were below assay detection limits at all times. The remaining group of 11 birds was actively immunized (IMM) against a synthetic chicken inhibin alpha-subunit peptide (amino acids 1-26). The IMM generated circulating antibodies that bound native bovine inhibin A but altered neither plasma FSH nor progesterone levels relative to control birds at any stage of development nor the timing of first oviposition in week 19. Apart from a transient decline 1 wk after primary IMM, plasma LH concentrations did not differ from controls. Comparison of the numbers and size-class distribution of ovarian follicles at 29 wk showed an approximate twofold increase in the number of 8- to 9.9-mm-diameter follicles (control; 1.82 +/- 0.44 vs. IMM; 3.91 +/- 0.89; P: < 0.05), a size class that corresponds to follicles that have just joined the preovulatory hierarchy. The numbers of growing follicles in other size-classes and the sizes of hierarchical F(1)-F(7) follicles were not altered by IMM. However, the number of postovulatory follicles increased (control 3.73 +/- 0. 20 vs. IMM 5.55 +/- 0.28; P: < 0.01), and significantly more (P: < 0. 02) immunized hens laid two eggs within a 24-h period on at least one occasion (control 1 of 11 vs. IMM 9 of 11). The IMM increased (P: < 0.05) activin A content of F(1) and F(2) theca layers and decreased (P: < 0.05) activin A content in F(3) and F(4) granulosa layers, raising the possibility of a local intraovarian role of activin in mediating the response to IMM. These findings support a role for inhibin A in regulating the entry of follicles into the preovulatory hierarchy in the chicken, although further studies are required to establish the mechanism by which inhibin IMM increases the rate of follicle selection and ovulation without raising plasma FSH.

Activins↗