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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

The likely success of functional analysis tied to the DSM.

Nelson-Gray and Farmer argue that behavioral assessment and functional analysis may be beneficially applied to personality disorders (PDs). While this is a reasonable response to the largely non-behaviorally derived Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), it is not yet clear that grafting such theoretically incongruent elements will be viable. In essence, they argue that a syndromal classification system could serve a nomothetic role of guiding a functional, idiographic analysis. This is possible, but it seems unlikely that this process would remain in equilibrium, with no interactive effect of the functional analysis on the syndromes themselves. Yet the DSM system has shown itself to be surprisingly closed to a more functional approach, so the relationship between the DSM and functional analysis is not open in both directions. What is needed is a nomothetic level of analysis that is also functionally derived. The primary benefit of functional over syndromal categories is one of treatment utility, a concept that is itself surprisingly absent from the authors' otherwise comprehensive discussion of behavioral assessment.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1999

Functional analysis and response covariation in the assessment of personality disorders: a reply to Staats and to Bissett and Hayes.

In this reply to Bissett and Hayes (this issue) and Staats (this issue) we address critical comments in response to our initial proposal and highlight points of agreement. The overall thesis of our reply is that classification schemes based on nomothetic response covariation, such as DSM, complement, but do not substitute for, an idiographically-based functional analysis and behavioral assessment. In the context of our reply, we address the following primary concerns raised by Bissett, Hayes, and Staats: (a) we are essentially proposing the melding of two theoretically incongruent approaches, and that such a melding is inherently not viable or useful; (b) the behavior analytic approach cannot account for personality or psychological constructs; and (c) that categories based on topography do not have demonstrated treatment utility. We also discuss points of agreement with our respondents: (d) a theoretically-based descriptive classification system is required to ultimately advance clinical science, (e) the DSM personality disorder classification system, to remain viable, needs a stronger empirical base; and (f) that alternatives to DSM classification that more strongly emphasize behavioral principles are in need of development.

Behaviorism↗
PubMed1987

What's in a name?

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Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1970

Drug names.

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England↗
PubMed1998

Pharmaceutical development and specification of stereoisomers.

The pharmaceutical development of chiral drugs requires the activities of many different research and development groups. Guidelines which help to coordinate the activities of these groups and assist in the successful development of compounds with either single or multiple chiral centers are outlined and discussed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1999

The conflict of the nosologists: views on schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness in the early part of the 20th century.

The distinction between schizophrenia (dementia praecox) and bipolar disorder (manic-depressive insanity), proposed by Kraepelin in 1896, was the subject of vigorous debate in the first decades of this century. The debate addressed fundamental questions about the principles underlying the nosology of psychiatric disorders, and the issues raised remain as relevant today as at the time they were formulated. A meta-analysis of a sample of Kraepelin's primary data suggests that his original classification was consistent with the empirical evidence. However, heeding his critics, Kraepelin modified considerably his earlier views and proposed a conceptual model of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and affective psychosis that is consonant with present-day ideas arising out of neuroscience and genetics. The lesson to be drawn is that nosological arguments should be put on hold until basic understanding is gained of the specific mechanisms of syndromogenesis across diagnostic boundaries.

Bipolar Disorder↗