Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “THERAPEUTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A study on therapeutic teams in psychoanalytical hospital treatment. Diversity and agreement within the team.

The author evaluates the group function of therapeutic teams in psychoanalytical inpatient treatment, by examining the association between perception of factors which affect treatment in 4 groups comprising the therapeutic team: the patients, attending physicians, supervisors, and nurses. The survey was conducted prospectively following the course of hospitalization on 98 patients and staff groups using 8 rating scales. The following findings were obtained: 1) The only significant correlation between all 4 groups was in evaluations on treatment progress upon discharge and one item pertaining to collaboration. 2) Among the many factors examined, the patient having clear therapeutic goals and striving for their attainment, difficulty of treatment, and certain negative emotions were the only items for which significant correlation was seen between all 3 staff groups. 3) No evidence was found of splitting in the patient's view of different staff. These findings indicated that disagreement in perception within the therapeutic team may be a phenomenon peculiar to team therapy. As such, the need for open discussion on disparities in perception, difficulty in treatment, and negative emotions among staff, the sharing of clear treatment goals between patients and staff, and recognition of staff and team meetings as therapeutic means were emphasized.

Affect↗
PubMed2001

[Management of therapeutic failure in HIV-infected patients].

A COMMON SITUATION: Among HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral regimens, 20% to 50% escape therapeutic control. The principal factors predictive of treatment failure are low CD4 counts and high viral load prior to institution of the antiretroviral treatment. Several virological and pharmacological mechanisms are implicated. GENOTYPING AND PHENOTYPING: Genotyping is particularly useful to optimize treatment in HIV-infected patients who escape therapeutic control, irrespective of the therapeutic strategy. A committee of experts has developed a scheme for adapting treatment to the very complex results of genotyping tests. The benefit of phenotyping remains to be established. MANAGEMENT: Serum concentrations of antiretroviral agents should be determined and adapted in order to maximize the treatment effect. However, to manage therapeutic escape, the only method with a proven impact is genotyping. The possible usefulness of regular drug assays for adjusting treatment doses in case of therapeutic escape remains to be assessed in prospective trials.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Improved prediction of therapeutic absorbed doses of radioiodine in the treatment of thyroid carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: We proposed an alternative to a monoexponential model of radioiodine kinetics to obtain a more accurate estimate of absorbed doses to postsurgical thyroid remnants. We suggested that part of the difference between the predicted and the actually absorbed therapeutic doses of (131)I, usually explained by radiation damage of thyroid cells, can be attributed to errors resulting from inadequate sampling of data and oversimplified modeling. METHODS: A standard monoexponential model and alternative biphasic model (incorporating both radioiodine uptake and clearance) were used on 2 sets of patient data to fit time-activity measurements after administration of diagnostic and therapeutic activities of radioiodine. One set of data consisted of 633 records of routine measurements, and the second set consisted of 71 prospectively collected records with measurements performed more frequently and for a longer time. The time-activity curves derived from the 2 models were used to calculate residence times for diagnostic and therapeutic activities of (131)I, and the respective residence times were compared using the paired t test. Errors of fitting and prediction of therapeutic time-activity data were also calculated. RESULTS: With both models, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) was found between residence times after diagnostic administration of (131)I and residence times after therapeutic administration of (131)I. However, the effects of biphasic modeling and of improved sampling substantially reduced the difference (P < 0.01). Errors of fitting and prediction were smaller with the biphasic model than with the monoexponential model (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The biphasic model more accurately predicts (131)I kinetics when applied to measurements in the short interval after diagnostic administration of radioiodine. The minimum requirement for the biphasic model is measurement twice a day at intervals > 6 h for at least 3 d after administration.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2001

A review of therapeutic ultrasound: biophysical effects.

Almost 2 decades ago, it was pointed out that physical therapists tended to overlook the tenuous nature of the scientific basis for the use of therapeutic ultrasound. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature regarding the biophysical effects of therapeutic ultrasound to determine whether these effects may be considered sufficient to provide a reason (biological rationale) for the use of insonation for the treatment of people with pain and soft tissue injury. This review does not discuss articles that examined the clinical usefulness of ultrasound (see article by Robertson and Baker titled "A Review of Therapeutic Ultrasound: Effectiveness Studies" in this issue). The frequently described biophysical effects of ultrasound either do not occur in vivo under therapeutic conditions or have not been proven to have a clinical effect under these conditions. This review reveals that there is currently insufficient biophysical evidence to provide a scientific foundation for the clinical use of therapeutic ultrasound for the treatment of people with pain and soft tissue injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Therapeutic use of potassium citrate].

Therapeutic indications of potassium citrate include: 1. Oxaluric renal stone disease and some cases of uric acid stone disease. Prevention of stone formation in patients with renal polycystic disease. Prevention of stone relapse after ESWL or lithotomy; 2. Distal renal tubular acidosis complicated by hypercalciuria, mainly in children. 3. Renal hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria. 4. Prevention of renal complications at the time of glaucoma treatment with acetazolamide. 5. Potassium supplementation during treatment of hypertension. Potassium citrate is usually contraindicated in the case of: 1. Urinary tract infection. 2. Struvite renal stone disease. 3. Hyperpotassemia and advanced chronic renal failure. 4. Peptic ulcer or gastritis. 5. Gastrointestinal bleeding. 6. Disorders of coagulation, crural varices. 7. Metabolic alkalosis. Potassium citrate, when used at therapeutic doses, is to be considered as quite safe. The average daily dose even if admitted as a single dose day engages 60-75% of free renal capacity for potassium excretion. Physiologic and therapeutic citrate concentration in urine exceeds much those available for other inhibitors. The therapeutic dose does not induce any significant changes in any biochemical or endocrine parameter of blood except mild transient metabolic alkalosis. The decrease of urine calcium and increase in oxalate calcium phosphate excretion is observed. In hypo-cytriaturic patients the response to therapeutic dose of citrate is smaller. One-year remission of stone disease is observed in 70-75% cases.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1975

Technical considerations of the therapeutic and working alliances.

A brief survey of the development of the idea of the analytic pact and its relationship to the concepts of the therapeutic and working alliances has been presented. I have suggested that the therapeutic alliance be defined as the full-scale therapeutic rapport which includes all the the elements favorable to the progress of therapy. This includes such factors as the patient's motivation for treatment based on ego-alien symptoms, positive transference, and the rational relationship between patient and therapist. I have considered the working alliance as more limited in scope and suggested that it be considered as referring to the healthier interpersonal interchange between the analyst and patient. In general, the relationship is in part dependent on the maturer portion of the patient's ego and is related to the reality relationship. I have ascribed the working alliance to the appropriate maturation of many of the ego's functions. It should be noted that the working alliance is actually one of the factors contributing to a good therapeutic alliance. Case reports have illustrated these considerations and amplified the discussion of the alliances, with emphasis on their technical management. These points are pertinent to the general conduct of therapy and the timing of interpretations. Care directed to the building of good alliances can be of great importance in creating a milieu conducive to therapeutic progress. Identification and its role in the development of the working alliance, and the special place of affection for the analyst were discussed and the differences between transference affection and the affection based on the realities between patient and therapist were related to the effects of interpretation.

Ego↗
PubMed1975

Therapeutic misalliances.

This paper explores aspects of the psychopathology of the patient-therapist relationship, and specifically defines and illustrates the concept of therapeutic misalliances. After a review of the relevant literature, two extended clinical vignettes are presented in order to explore efforts by both patient and therapist to create and modify conscious and unconscious misalliances. A tentative effort is made to delineate attempts on the part of the patient to "cure" his therapist of countertransference difficulties that have contributed to a therapeutic misalliance. Such efforts are based on the patient's extensive unconscious perceptions of his therapist's difficulties and these are documented in detail. In discussing this clinical material, the following are considered: The means of recognizing therapeutic misalliances from the therapist's subjective awareness and from the patient's associations; the interfering and therapeutically helpful aspects of the creation and analytic resolution of misalliances; the techniques through which therapeutic misalliances may be modified; the motives in both the patient and therapist or analyst that prompt the creation of misalliances; the curative aspects of the patient's positive introjective identification with the therapist and the damaging aspects of incorporative identifications with a therapist who is in difficulty; the importance of the adaptational-interactional framework in understanding the patient-therapist and patient-analyst relationships; and the importance of the therapist's personality and behavior, in addition to his role in providing the patient with well-timed and meaningful interpretive interventions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Animal models for development of therapeutic HPV16 vaccines (review).

In several types of human tumours a close association with oncogenic viruses has been established. Animal models mimicking these tumours with regard to their aetiology and expression of virus-related molecules have been developed. The rationale for development of the animal models was to create experimental systems allowing us to compare the efficacy of immunological and gene therapy protocols, with the final aim to optimize these therapeutic procedures prior to clinical trials. Anogenital carcinomas and particularly cervical carcinomas (CC) represent one of the aforementioned human oncogenic virus-associated tumour types. High-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV), particularly HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 45, and 56, are associated with nearly one hundred percent of CC. The only HPV proteins expressed in CC and representing the potential therapeutic targets are the non-structural viral gene products E6 and E7. The E6/E7 oncoproteins inactivate p53 and pRb tumour suppressor genes, they are required for maintenance of the malignant phenotype and their expression correlates with the transforming potential of HPV. Since the various HPV types do not cross-react with regard to the induction of both, humoral and cell-mediated immunity, the research of therapeutic vaccines is focused primarily on the HPV type 16, which is expressed in the majority, nearly 60%, of human squamous CC, and on the HPV16 E6/E7 oncogene products, which represent a target of choice for the therapeutic vaccination. The purpose of this review is to discuss the animal models of HPV-associated human tumours and the results obtained in these models with therapeutic vaccination against HPV-associated tumours. The prospects and limitations of the vaccination against HPV-associated tumours are also addressed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The use of therapeutic moisturizers in various dermatologic disorders.

Moisturizers can serve as important adjunctive therapeutic modalities for patients with various dermatologic disorders, including acne vulgaris, rosacea, retinoid-induced irritant dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and the skin dryness that appears to occur with intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Therapeutic moisturizers, defined as those proven in clinical trials to be both compatible with topical therapies and biocompatible with the skin, not only improve the signs and symptoms of dry skin but also, as research has demonstrated, help maintain hydration and overall integrity of the stratum corneum. The type of humectants and emollients contained in a therapeutic moisturizer can affect the overall tolerability of the formulation. Dermatologists should recommend therapeutic moisturizers that are noncomedogenic, devoid of irritant ingredients, and compatible with many therapeutic regimens.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2002

[Therapeutic results and changes in prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma in central and northern Moravia over the past 40 years].

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the investigation is evaluation of therapeutic results and the development of the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) as a result of consecutive changes of therapeutic procedures in patients of central and northern Moravia in the course of the last 40 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: The analyzed group of 562 patients with MM was concentrated at the Ist and IIIrd Medical Clinic of the Faculty Hospital Olomouc in 1959 - 2000, median age 63 (28-91) male/female ratio 1.1: 1.0. From analysis of Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the results of statistical analysis (log rank test p = 0.0000) ensued that during the evaulated period a very substantial change of prognosis occurred with improvement of theraupeutic results and a significant prolongation of survival in general. The first " turning point" was the introduction of chemotheraphy with alkylating substances with Prednisone (1963-1975), leading as compared with the period of symptomatic treatment alone (1959-1063) to a significant prolongation of the media value of general survival (M) from 8 to 19 months (p = 0.0031) and 3-year survival from 4 to 23 % patients, whereby 10-year survival was only 0 % and 1 %. The second "turning point" was the period from 1976 - 1980 with introduction of systematic chemotherapy using conventional doses of polychemotherapeutic (CP) regimes with better opportunities of supporting treatment (M = 40 months, p = 0.0000; 3-year and 10-year survival 55% and 5.5% patients). The therapeutic results acheived during the subsequent 15 years were however an unsatisfactory advance. During the interval between 1976-1995 in a group of 295 patients divided into 5-year sub-periods remission was acheived (R = < 25 % of the baseline value of M-protein) in 10-24 % patients, an inadequate response (NR) = persistence in > 50 % M-protein) in 55-28 %, prolongation of the median of total survival in 232 of the accessble patients for 44 months and long-term survival of 5 - 10 years after establisment of the diagnosis increased from 25 to 36 % and from 5.5 to 16.5 % patients. The third "turning point" was 1996 characterized by the introduction of high-dosage chemotheraphy with transplantation of autologuos peripheral haematopoietic cells ("HD" therapy with ASCT) leading ina group of so far only 33, assessable patients under 65 years to acheived remission in 71 %, to decline of NR in 10 % only and 5 -year suvival so far in 91 % patients ( p = 0.0037). Improvement of therapeutic results and prognosis of the disease as compared with 1976 - 1995 occurred in the whole group of patients also in 1996 - 2000 (CP and "HD"-therapy with ASCT) characterized by remission in 36 %, NR IN 33 % and 5 -year survival in 57 % (p = 0.030). It was reveled that the application of "HD" theraphy with ASCT led in 1995-2000 to the acheivement of more favorable therapeutic results (R - 71 % NR - 10 %. 5-year survival after the interval which elapsed so far 91 %), as compared with 2 similar groups of subjects under 65 years meeting the criteria of "HD" theraphy with ASCT, but treated only by conventional polychemotheraphy (1991 - 1995 and 1996 - 2000: R - 24 and 32 %, NR - 42 and 23 %, 5-year survival 46 and 68 % of the patients). In the group of 148 patients from the period of 1991-2000 the patients had as regards remission (R) more favourable results as compared with patients with NR concerning the prognosis [M 63 vs.22 months, 5-year and 10-year survival 53 vs. 17 % and 17 vs. 0 % of patients (p = 0.0000)]. CONCLUSION: From the submitted analysis ensured that during the period form 1959 - 2000 in patients with mutiple myeloma in central and northern Moravia as a result of the application of modern methods of chemotheraphy and supporting treatment a significant improvements of results of conventional treatment occurred with a more than 5 fold prolongation of so far assessable median values of survival (8 - 44 months) and long-term 10-year survival of almost one sixth of the patients. The real asset of "HD" theraphy with transplantation of ASCT will be revealed by analyses made after a longer time interval.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Therapeutic effect of puerarin therapy on sudden deafness].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of puerarin in the treatment against sudden deafness. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with sudden deafness were randomly assigned into therapeutic group (n= 40) who received intravenous infusion of puerarin injection and the control group (n=32) who were given intravenous infusion of anisodamine. The therapeutic effects of the two treatments were observed and compared. RESULTS: The total efficacy rates against sudden deafness and tinnitus in the therapeutic group were 89.68 % and 84.37 % respectively, but only 62.5 % and 56.52 % respectively in the control group, showing significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Puerarin is effective in dilating the blood vessels and promoting microcirculation of the inner ear, with significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of sudden deafness.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The effect of therapeutic horseback riding on gross motor function and gait speed in children who are developmentally delayed.

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a seven-week therapeutic horseback riding program and to determine if changes were retained after therapeutic riding was discontinued. A repeated-measures within-participants design was used to assess performance on the Gross Motor Function Measure and timed 10-meter walk in seven developmentally delayed children. A statistically significant improvement in gross motor function was found in post-intervention measures. Improvements were maintained seven weeks after therapeutic riding had ended. No considerable difference in gait speed was noted. This study indicates that therapeutic riding may lead to improvement in gross motor function in developmentally delayed children and that these improvements remain once therapeutic riding ceases.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessing an algorithm for the therapeutic swapping of calcium antagonists]

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Therapeutic swapping is one of the activities a Pharmacist ascribed to a Unitary Dose area should undertake. The goal of this work is to assess the impact the definition of a clearly laid-out criteria algorithm for therapeutic swapping regarding calcium antagonists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study periods spanned from January to December 2000 before algorithm delivery and from January to April 2001, once the algorithm was in operation. Both the number of prescriptions received at the Pharmacy Department Unitary Dose Area and the number of pharmaceutical acts regarding drugs not included within the Pharmacotherapeutic Guidelines (MNIGFT) and belonging in the Calcium Antagonists Group were collected: direct replacements, active principle swapping, dosage / pharmaceutical formula swapping, and accepted drugs. Study variables were: a) compliance with pharmacotherapeutic guidelines during prescription, such as adjusted number of prescribed MNIGFTs per 1,000 prescriptions, and b) pharmaceutical action adequacy, such as percentage of non-proper therapeutic swaps (performed on the same active principle / dosage, but with better alternatives as defined later in the algorithm). RESULTS: After algorithm implementation a 47.1% decrease in active principles swapping, and a 7.7% decrease in MNIGFT-accepted calcium antagonists, was seen. Similarly, the number of dosage / pharmaceutical formula swaps was increased by 28.6%, and that of non-proper swaps was decreased by 48.0% when compared to the previous period. CONCLUSION: Establishing an algorithm for therapeutic swapping improves compliance with the Pharmacotherapeutic Guidelines during calcium antagonist prescription and the quality of therapeutic swapping as performed by pharmacists regarding this group of drugs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

[Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine in the uncomplicated malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum in hospital patients in central Ivory Coast (1997-2000)].

A study in vivo of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine was carried out from April 1997 to February 2000 at Yamoussoukro, Kossou and Bouaké in the central region of Côte d'Ivoire. This study was included in the national Plasmodium falciparum-sensitivity program. One hundred and sixteen subjects consulting for suspected malaria were included according to the WHO's standard of 14 days. Chloroquine was administered on a dosage of 25 mg/kg, spread over three days. Among 108 subjects who finished the treatment, 26.9% (29/108) had therapeutic failure to chloroquine (23 precocious therapeutic failure and 6 late therapeutic failure). Chloroquine was more efficacious in Yamoussoukro (87.5% of clinical appropriate response) and Bouaké (82.5%) than in Kossou (61.7%). Parasitic reduction on subjects with therapeutic failure was higher than 85%. The risk of therapeutic failure is not linked to age of patient. Before a revaluation of this situation, chloroquine should always be recommended as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria for the local populations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs.

Results of the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the concentration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), performed at Aseer Central Hospital over a 1-year period were evaluated. Most of the requests were for phenytoin (PHT) determination followed by carbamazepine (CBZ), valproic acid (VPA) and phenobarbital (PB). Serum concentrations of PB, CBZ, VPA and PHT within the presumed therapeutic range constituted 87%, 73%, 45% and 33%, respectively. Valproic acid exhibited age differences in the proportion of concentrations below the presumed therapeutic range, such that subtherapeutic concentrations increased while therapeutic concentrations decreased with age. When the requests were related to particular patients, 71% of patients were on monotherapy with PHT as the most commonly used single drug and PB the least. Patients using 2 AEDs were found to constitute 23.5% of all patients with "PHT + CBZ" and "CBZ + VPA" being the most commonly prescribed 2 drugs combination. The frequency of concentrations within the therapeutic ranges decreased when 1 or 2 more drugs were used with either PHT or VPA. In addition, combination with PHT was associated with a reduction in mean CBZ concentration, while combination with CBZ was associated with a reduction in mean VPA concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Health security--GMOs in therapeutics].

The recent progress in human therapeutics has been made possible thanks to molecular biology and its use in producing proteins having the same sequence and structure as that of human proteins. The use of GMOs allows production of proteins with high added value in therapeutics, which are of satisfactory quality. GMOs may also be directly administered to patients as gene therapy vectors. However, the use of GMOs in therapeutics must take into consideration some risks, particularly those of microbiological contamination, of neo-antigenicity as well as environmental risks with regard to the way of use of the GMO. Nevertheless, those risks are taken in due consideration in the development of these new medicinal products; solutions have been found to allow their use in therapeutics with a very positive benefit/risk ratio. Medicinal products from biotechnology have enabled considerable therapeutic progress without compromising health security.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2003

[Therapeutic education of the asthmatic patient: the presentation of the general practitioner].

INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic education is part of the recommendations for management of asthmatics. The general practitioner (GP) is an essential link in the management and his/her presentation of education plays an important role in how it is received. This study examines the presentation of therapeutic education by GP's. METHODS: 21 GP's took part in a qualitative enquiry bearing on the following themes: "the asthmatic" and "education of the asthmatic patient". The interviews were analysed by the ALCESTE software programme (Analysis of co- occurrent leximes in the wording of a text) which allows the extraction of the major significant structures of a text. RESULTS: It was found that GP's associate therapeutic education with education in general. They evoke self-teaching tools while they retain the group as the most relevant structure. The notions of time and background treatment were separated. The idea of patient autonomy did not appear spontaneously in the discussion even though it is the foundation of the concept. Analysis of the discussion illustrates the gap that exists between the concepts upon which the recommendations are based and presentation of therapeutic education to asthmatics by GP's. CONCLUSION: Training of GP's appears to be an essential condition for the development of therapeutic education.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Therapeutic approach: how to get there.

BACKGROUND: After determining the therapeutic goals for an individual patient, the next step in good prescribing is planning a therapeutic approach to achieve these goals. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to illustrate the process of the therapeutic approach. An example of a patient with asthma is discussed, and the evidence base for the possible lifestyle interventions is reviewed. DISCUSSION: Clinicians often treat the therapeutic approach as a two step process of identifying nonpharmacological then drug related interventions. However, the scope of therapeutic approaches is really much broader than this. It encompasses lifestyle change, education, avoidance of triggers, procedural interventions, patient self management, as well as drug treatment. The latter may actually include medication cessation.

Adult↗