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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effect of K+ channel blocking drugs and nitric oxide synthase inhibition on the response to hypoxia in rat pulmonary artery rings.

1. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of potassium (K+) channel blockers and the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L-nitroarginine (L-NOARG), on the response produced by acute hypoxia in rat intrapulmonary artery rings in vitro. 2. In rat phenylephrine-precontracted pulmonary artery rings, hypoxia (pO2 = 7 mmHg) induced a response which consisted of a rapidly developing initial contraction (phase 1), a transient relaxation (phase 2) and a slowly developing sustained contraction (phase 3) over 30 min. The NOS inhibitor, L-NOARG (300 microM), attenuated phase 1 and 3, and amplified phase 2 of the response to hypoxia. The voltage-gated K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) (10 mM) also abolished phase 3 and magnified phase 2 of the response to hypoxia. 3. The hypoxic response was not modified by the calcium-activated K+ channel (KCa) blockers, tetraethylammonium (TEA) (20 mM) or charybdotoxin (50 or 200 nM), nor by the ATP-dependent K+ channel (KATP), blocker, glibenclamide (10 microM). 4. L-NOARG (300 microM) and 4-AP (10 mM) also abolished carbachol-induced endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxation. Relaxation produced by the NO releasing agent 3-morpholino sydnonimine (SIN-1) was reduced by 4-AP (10 mM) and TEA (20 mM). 5. The data suggest that NO production is reduced during severe hypoxia in rat intrapulmonary artery rings and that this underlies the sustained phase of the hypoxic contraction. The data also suggests that 4-AP-sensitive K+ channels play an important role in the release and or action of NO, and therefore, in the response to hypoxia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Promotion of the good life by public health nurses.

The question of what is the good life has been discussed by philosophers since antiquity. The good of an individual and of a community is complicated. Communities influence an individual's experiences and world views, which are always individual. Public health nurses promoting the good life need multidisciplinary knowledge, as well as other skills such as personal competence and qualifications. The focus of the theoretical framework of promotion of the good life is based on models of health promotion and sustainable development. Working with different clients requires nursing theories, other theories, and multidisciplinary models in practice. Continual quality improvement is needed in order to increase customer satisfaction. This article discusses a doctoral thesis that consists of three empirical studies. The theoretical framework for promotion of the good life as the work of public health nurses is outlined, and the outcomes of the first study, the qualifications concerning health, and the environment are described. In the other parts of the study, curriculum building using future methodology and evaluation with concept maps is reported.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1996

Hypertrophic gastropathy in Helicobacter felis-infected wild-type C57BL/6 mice and p53 hemizygous transgenic mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis and peptic ulcers and is linked epidemiologically to gastric cancer. To analyze host genetic factors and the influence of Helicobacter on cell proliferation, we used an inbred and p53 hemizygous mouse model of Helicobacter felis-induced gastritis. METHODS: H. felis was inoculated by gastric intubation into SPF C57BL/6 wild-type and p53 hemizygous mice that were followed up for 1 year and compared with uninfected controls of the same genotype using histology, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) analysis. RESULTS: Infected animalls developed sustained anti-H. felis serum immunoglobulin G antibody responses. Six months after infection, both wild-type and p53 hemizygous mice showed active chronic inflammation and marked mucosal hyperplasia compared with uninfected controls. One year after infection with H. felis, the wild-type and p53 hemizygous mice showed severe adenomatous and cystic hyperplasia of the surface foveolar epithelium. BrdU uptake and PCNA staining were markedly increased in both sets of infected mice compared with controls. Infected p53 hemizygous mice had a higher proliferative index than the infected wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS: H. felis can induce a hypertrophic gastropathy in the C57BL/6 genotype; loss of one p53 allele, although insufficient to initiate carcinogenesis at 1 year, enhances the proliferative index, which may lead to an increased risk of cancer induction.

Alleles↗
PubMed2002

Occupational health teaching for pre registration nursing students.

The amount of time spent teaching occupational health and the methods used to teach this subject in the pre registration nursing programmes in the UK was surveyed. Questionnaires were sent to the Deans of all 66 Schools of Nursing identified from the UCAS list in 2000. Forty six responded. Five returns were rejected because they did not meet the study criteria, giving a final response rate of 67%. The 41 schools were providing 33 Nursing Diploma and 31 Nursing Degree courses. The results indicate that occupational health is taught on the majority of Nursing Diploma (88%) and Degree (80%) courses. The main method of teaching is by lectures, with a smaller number of courses offering the opportunity for seminars and project work. However, the subjects covered under this heading frequently relate to the occupational health and safety issues that nurses need to know about in order to protect their own health and safety. It is rare that the broader concept of how a patient or client's health can be affected by their work or how their health may affect their ability to work, remain in employment or, for populations, its impact on sustainable development at the community level, are addressed. It is recommended that all nurses should receive some training in the broader concepts of occupational health at the pre registration level so that they can develop an awareness of the relationship between work and health, at both the individual and community level. This survey parallels a similar exercise carried out with medical students that identified a worrying decline in the teaching of occupational health at the undergraduate level.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2000

[Injuries and being injured. Hidden wounds after accident injuries].

Motor vehicle accidents may cause apart from physical also psychological aftermath. Despite of posttraumatic psychologic symptoms may remit after 2-3 months, 10-20% of the injured persons will develop sustainable psychopathological symptoms. This report aims at an overview on possible psychopathological disturbances and their perpetuating conditions. Possible treatments are shown and the necessity of an interdisciplinary cooperation with the aim of a secondary prevention is emphasized.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Fine-scale spatial genetic structure of the distylous Primula veris in fragmented habitats.

In Flanders (northern Belgium), the distylous self-incompatible perennial herb Primula veris is common, but mainly occurs in fragmented habitats. Distyly, which favours disassortative mating, is characterized in P. veris by two genetically determined floral morph types (pin or thrum). Using 18 polymorphic loci, we investigated fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) and spatial distribution of the morphs within four populations from two regions that differ in degree of habitat fragmentation. We studied the contributions made by sexual reproduction and clonal propagation and compared the SGS patterns between pin and thrum morph types. Clonal growth was very restricted to a few individuals and to short distances. One population showed a non-random spatial distribution of the morphs. Pin and thrum individuals differed in SGS patterns at a small scale, suggesting intrapin biparental inbreeding, also related to high plant densities. This may be explained by partial self-compatibility of the pin morph combined with restricted seed dispersal and pollinator behaviour. There is an indication of more pronounced SGS when populations occur in highly fragmented habitats. From our findings, we may hypothesize disruption of the gene flow processes if these large populations evolve into patchworks of small remnants, but also a possible risk for long-term population survival if higher intrapin biparental inbreeding leads to inbreeding depression. Our study emphasizes the need for investigating the interactions between the heterostylous breeding system, population demographic and genetic structure for understanding population dynamics in fragmented habitats and for developing sustainable conservation strategies.

Breeding↗
PubMed2003

Part I: Integrated water quality management: river basin approach. Geochemical techniques on contaminated sediments--river basin view.

The big flood in the upper Elbe River catchment area has revealed a wide spectrum of problems with contaminated sediments. So far, an effective strategy for managing contaminated sediments on a river basin scale is still missing and it seems that not much has been learned from the lessons received during the last decade. In the following overview, special emphasis is given to the utilization of geochemically-based techniques for sediment remediation, which can be applied in different parts of a river basin. The examples presented here are mostly from the Elbe River catchment area. In general, new technical problem solutions need a set of practical process knowledge that uses a wide range of simulation techniques, as well as models in different spatial and temporal scales. The evaluation of recent flood events clearly demonstrates the importance of chemical expertise in the decision-making process for the sustainable development in river basins.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2001

Moyamoya disease complicated with renal artery stenosis and nephrotic syndrome: reversal of nephrotic syndrome after nephrectomy.

A 7-year-old boy with moyamoya disease developed sustained hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, hyperreninemia, and occlusion of the right renal artery. After right nephrectomy, hyperreninemia and hypertension improved. Proteinuria was resolved after nephrectomy, in parallel with the decrease in plasma renin activity. Moyamoya disease can cause nephrotic-range proteinuria, which is caused hemodynamically by hyperreninemia.

Child↗
PubMed2003

The causes and consequences of nursing shortages: a helicopter view of the research.

In Australia, as in most industrialised countries, there is an acute shortage of registered nurses. While there are numerous research reports emanating from Canada, the United States and Great Britain that provide insight into reasons for this shortage, little comparable work has been undertaken in Australia. This paper presents an overview of the complex interlinking set of factors which cause or are the consequences of nursing shortages including lifestyle preferences, workforce composition, quality of work life and workload and the impact of organisational change and altered management practices. It is important that managers in Australian health care settings understand these issues in order to work towards developing sustainable solutions for retention.

Australia↗
PubMed2006

Towards better practice in primary health care settings for young people.

ISSUE ADDRESSED: To identify and describe elements of accessibility and other dimensions of quality of primary health care for Australian young people. METHODS: Five sampling frames identified relevant services and programs across New South Wales (NSW) which were then selected using purposive, convenience or snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted with senior staff members, tape-recorded, transcribed, entered into the qualitative software package NUD*IST and coded under seven theme headings. RESULTS: Interviews with 77 services across five sectors in NSW identified seven principles of better practice in youth health. These were: accessibility, evidence-based practice, youth participation, collaboration, professional development, sustainability and evaluation. Accessibility was the principle most frequently addressed and evaluation was the least frequently addressed. Many seemingly effective programs and services had been minimally evaluated for impact or outcome related to young people's access or health. CONCLUSIONS: Principles of better practice in promoting or delivering adolescent health care have strong face validity across a range of sectors and service types in a heterogeneous primary health care system. These principles are applied to varying degrees in a vast array of health and health promotion programs. Despite this, there is a clear need for impact and outcome evaluation among the majority of programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Development of agroenvironmental indicators to evaluate the hygienic pressure of livestock production on human health.

Infections by enteropathogenic microorganisms linked to agroenvironmental contamination represent a significant threat to urban and rural communities. To better characterize and manage this risk, it is necessary, not only to accurately describe enteric illnesses occurring over time or across regions, but also to correctly assess exposure attributable to this environmental pollution. New agroenvironmental hygienic pressure indicators (AHPIs) were developed to synthesise relevant data expressing this exposure. They were derived from a conceptual framework for developing sustainable agriculture indicators and specifically adapted for describing the microbial risk of water contamination by livestock operations. The proposed indicators include two components, and five attributes whose values are calculated at the livestock operation level from a set of available data related to the fields of microbiology, animal production, agronomy, hydrology, and meteorology. They are then aggregated at a higher geographical level to better express exposure of human populations to potential of water contamination by zoonotic enteropathogens. The indicators are calculated separately by zoonotic enteropathogens, and by water source (surface or groundwater). They take into account the various animal species within each livestock operation. When validated, the proposed indicators will allow decision-makers and public health officials to better manage crucial issues in the area of water safety and agriculture.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

Towards the advancement of the Mediterranean food cultures.

The Forum on Mediterranean Food Cultures has the purpose to foster an interdisciplinary dialogue to acknowledge the underestimated role of the Mediterranean diet and of the Mediterranean food cultures for an effective sustainable development in the Mediterranean. It is addressed towards the achievement of food security and a broader nutritional well-being in the entire Mediterranean area. The Forum uses a creative approach for the development of community-based programmes to manage the emerging trend of childhood overweight and obesity, as well as to reduce the increasing erosion of the Mediterranean food cultural heritage.

Culture↗
PubMed2006

On-farm quantification of sustainability indicators: an application to egg production systems.

1. On-farm quantification of sustainability indicators (SI) is an effective way to make sustainable development measurable. The egg production sector was used as a case study to illustrate this approach. 2. The objective was to select SI for economic, ecological and societal issues, and to analyse the performance on selected SI of different production systems. 3. For the case study, we compared 4 egg production systems, characterised by differences in the housing systems which are most common in the Netherlands: the battery-cage system, the deep-litter system with and without outdoor run, and the aviary system with outdoor run. 4. Based on a clear set of criteria, we selected SI for animal welfare, economics, environmental impact, ergonomics and product quality. 5. We showed that on-farm quantification of SI was an appropriate method to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different systems. 6. From this analysis it appears that the aviary system with outdoor run is a good alternative for the battery-cage system, with better scores for the aviary system on animal welfare and economics, but with worse scores on environmental impact.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2003

The S-S construct of expectancy versus the S-R construct of fear: which motivates the acquisition of avoidance behavior?

The authors provided a differential test between stimulus-stimulus (S-S) and stimulus-response (S-R) theory predictions in regard to the roles that the constructs of expectancy and of fear play in maintaining classically conditioned fear responding within the context of a human conditioned-avoidance paradigm. After the participants had developed sustained avoidance responding, their shock electrodes and avoidance response apparatus were removed to enhance the cognitive expectancy that the conditioned stimulus (CS) would not be followed by the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). This manipulation of expectancy was successful in 96% of the participants. The study was conducted over a 2-day period and involved 1 experimental group and 3 control groups. During the test trials, the authors used autonomic and self-report indices of fear to assess the presence or absence of fear to the CS. The data disconfirmed the prediction of the S-S theory that fear to the CS would be extinguished. The authors discuss the implications of this finding for S-S theories and for approaches in cognitive behavior therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Development and characterization of different low methoxy pectin microcapsules by an emulsion-interface reaction technique.

In the controlled release area, biodegradable microcapsules are one of the most useful devices to deliver materials in an effective, prolonged and safe manner. A new charged film microcapsular carrier system, using three different pectins, is described. The study utilized pectin microcapsules prepared by two encapsulation mechanisms of interfacial reaction explored through interaction of charged droplet-oil-anionic surfactant-calcium or oil-cationic surfactant with negatively charged pectin. A method for drug encapsulation was developed based on the type of pectin, surfactants and emulsification technique. Both types of surfactant, anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and cationic benzalkonium chloride (BzACl) promoted polymer film formation on the oil droplet surfaces, probably through cross-linking and electrostatic interaction, respectively. Microcapsules consisting of pectin as shell and hydrophobic oil as core were characterized. The resulting microcapsules were relatively small particles (d< 3 microm), had high total particle number, specific surface area and drug encapsulation efficiency. They also demonstrated good stability with minimum particle aggregation. Correlation between physicochemical and drug release kinetic parameters were investigated with regard to the effect of pectin macromolecular structure and nature of surfactant used as a counterion in the manufacturing of microcapsules. The release rate of the encapsulated material (prednisolone) in three microcapsules can be controlled by manipulating the conformational flexibility of pectins in the presence of different counterions. As a result, biodegradable pectin microcapsules offer a novel approach for developing sustained release drug delivery systems that have potential for colonic drug delivery.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The mental health policy template: domains and elements for mental health policy formulation.

Mental disorders are a major and rising cause of disease burden in all countries. Even when resources are available, many countries do not have the policy and planning frameworks in place to identify and deliver effective interventions. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank have emphasized the need for ready access to the basic tools for mental health policy formulation, implementation and sustained development. The Analytical Studies on Mental Health Policy and Service Project, undertaken in 1999-2001 by the International Consortium for Mental Health Services and funded by the Global Forum for Health Research aims to address this need through the development of a template for mental health policy formulation. A mental health policy template has been developed based on an inventory of the key elements of a successful mental health policy. These elements have been validated against a review of international literature, a study of existing mental health policies and the results of extensive consultations with experts in the six WHO regions of the world. The Mental Health Policy Template has been revised and its applicability will be tested in a number of developing countries during 2001-2002. The Mental Health Policy Template and the work of the Consortium for Mental Health Services will be presented and the future role of the template in mental health policy development and reform in developing countries will be discussed.

Developed Countries↗
PubMed2005

[Drag-out in metal finishing industries].

Currently, environmental regulations induce industrialists to implement source reduction techniques in order to comply with the prevention principle toward sustainable development. The project PIPSI (PIlotage Propre des Systèmes Industriels/industrial system dean piloting) financing by Rhone-Alps Region is carried out with the aim to contribute to this objective. The study presented in this article concerns the pollution transfer in a metal finishing treatment line in order to minimise the environmental impact obtained notably with the pollution balance. Drag-out and draining phenomena have been particularly studied. Results obtained showed that a 10 seconds of draining reduced drag-out from 65 to 85% in terms of pieces design. Moreover, during the experiments, 5 drag-out levels were identified by medium values from 26 to 1700 ml m(-2). So that, either a piece can be associated to a level or knowing the piece drag-out level, it is possible to evaluate its medium drag-out value. Then the pollution balance will be obtained more easily.

France↗