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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Differentiation of amphetamine/methamphetamine and other cross-immunoreactive sympathomimetic amines in urine samples by serial dilution testing.

BACKGROUND: Immunoassay-based screening for amphetamines has a variable positive predictive value (PPV) for detecting amphetamine abuse. The lack of immunoassay specificity necessitates confirmatory testing by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), but the technical complexity and expense of GC/MS limit its availability. Physicians may make decisions regarding patient disposition based on unverified results. In this study we assessed the utility of using dose-response properties to distinguish urine samples containing amphetamines from samples containing cross-immunoreactive species. METHODS: Urine was supplemented with known concentrations of amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or pseudoephedrine. Using a series of dilutions, we determined the maximum change in rate over the fractional change in concentration for each compound in the Emit II amphetamine/methamphetamine immunoassay. Patient urine samples that screened positive for amphetamines were diluted 1:1, 1:10, and 1:20, and maximum slope estimates within the dynamic assay range were determined. An optimal slope cutoff that differentiated samples containing (meth)amphetamine from those containing cross-reacting species was determined by ROC analysis. RESULTS: The slope of the dose response was largest for amphetamine and methamphetamine, followed by MDMA and pseudoephedrine. The optimum slope cutoff for identifying patient specimens containing (meth)amphetamine was 320 (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 90%; PPV, 92%). High concentrations of less reactive compounds may mask low concentrations of amphetamines. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the slope of the dose-response relationship in patient urine specimens can enhance the PPV of presumptive positive immunoassay results but does not exclude the presence of low amphetamine concentrations in samples containing high concentrations of cross-reactive species.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1989

Carteolol, an antihypertensive beta-blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, reduces ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Effective treatment of chronic hypertension may be accompanied by a decrease, increase, or no change in the extent of LVH, depending on the pharmacologic properties of the antihypertensive agents employed. Unlike beta-adrenoceptor blockers without ISA, beta-adrenoceptor blockers with ISA have been reported to increase left ventricular mass despite favorable reductions in blood pressure. To assess further the potential effect of ISA on LVH, we retrospectively evaluated the effect of carteolol, a nonspecific beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with strong ISA, upon ECG evidence of LVH. In 12 patients with LVH, carteolol treatment for one year reduced mean arterial blood pressures from 120 +/- 2 mm Hg to 100 +/- 2 mm Hg and mean hypertrophy scores from 5.2 +/- 0.6 to 2.6 +/- 0.8. Therefore, ISA does not preclude the regression of ECG evidence of LVH during the treatment of hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Effects of intraventricular administration of sympathomimetic agents on metabolic, vasomotor and temperature responses in Taiwan monkeys.

Intraventricular administration of either norepinephrine, tyramine or angiotensin II produced dose-dependent hypothermia, decreased metabolism and lowered cutaneous temperatures in Taiwan monkeys at ambient temperatures of 4 and 22 degrees C. The hypothermia reflected the heat storage consequent to the net effects of decreased heat production and decreased heat loss. In heat (35 degrees C), these agents produced dose-dependent hyperthermia in monkeys. The hyperthermia was brought about mainly by a decrease in dry heat loss.

Angiotensin II↗