Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STUTTERING”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Cortisol responses in adults who stutter: coping preferences and apprehension about communication.

This study evaluated the moderating effects of individuals' coping styles for physiological reactivity to a stressor in the laboratory in 11 persons who stuttered and 11 persons who did not stutter. Reactivity was defined as changes in levels of salivary cortisol after a stressor. Subjects were grouped according to scores on apprehension about communication. Individuals scoring high on Communication Apprehension showed significantly elevated cortisol levels compared to those scoring low on Communication Apprehension. Stuttering subjects who scored high on Communication Apprehension and used emotion-based coping strategies showed the largest elevations in cortisol levels.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Fluency outcomes following treatment for those who stutter.

The efficacy of treatment therapies for stuttering has been questioned recently by Dayalu and Kalinowski. Aspects put forward that raise doubts about stuttering treatment efficacy included posttreatment unnatural speech and high relapse rates. However, this paper examines these claims and puts forward counterclaims suggesting that at least some stuttering therapies have been shown by the best available research to be efficacious.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Sharing stories: life history narratives in stuttering research.

The life experiences of people who stutter (PWS) have not featured prominently in research. Historically, the profession of speech and language therapy has amassed data and developed its theory of stuttering within a positivistic frame. As a consequence, the existing over-arching theory of research and practice does not engage holistically with the dynamic personal, socio-cultural and political contexts of the individual who stutters. Therefore a conceptual shift is required in ontology, epistemology and methodology underpinning the knowledge construction process. The use of the life history narratives as a research tool is promoted. An exploratory study of a single participant is presented to illuminate the methodological approach and emerging theoretical constructs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

The effects of short courses in modifying the attitudes of adult and adolescent stutterers to communication.

Two studies examined attitude changes to communication by stutterers during short intensive courses. The Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory was used to monitor change. As the experimental hypothesis anticipated, change was most clearly seen in the avoidance items of the inventory. In both studies these showed significantly greater positive change than either the struggle or expectancy items. Moreover, positive changes were only found during the period of the course; no positive changes were found for any scales during the month prior to or after the course. The findings justified the use of short courses to change the attitudes of stutterers and suggested that they may be used in conjunction with other approaches which seek to influence fluency directly. An attempt to relate the changes in attitude to changes in speech over the short period of the course was unsuccessful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Stuttering therapy with British-Asian children. I: A survey of service delivery in the United Kingdom.

The results of a UK survey of speech and language therapy services offered to Asian children and adolescents who stutter are set in the context of current therapy approaches favoured in the UK. Eighty-seven speech and language therapists from the major centres of Asian population in the UK completed a postal questionnaire. This yielded data on: service delivery to stuttering children in general; the size and nature of the Asian populations served; therapists' own cultural backgrounds; steps taken by therapists to increase their skill in this area; interpreter services available; changes made to usual working practices aimed at accommodating the cultural needs of Asian clients. The results revealed a service mostly provided by non-specialist therapists, who treated small numbers of both stuttering and Asian clients. Therapists were serving clients from up to four different cultural and linguistic backgrounds, yet access to interpreter services was poor. Therapists were on the whole poorly trained and equipped to treat Asian clients. A range of changes to working practices are described, but no cohesive approach was apparent. The issues involved in appropriate and accessible service delivery are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Attempting to ameliorate student therapists' negative stereotype of the stutterer.

This paper reports on attempts to change student therapists' negative stereotyping of 'the stutterer'. Awareness of the negative stereotype and knowledge about the possible effects of this on therapy were not effective in changing attitudes. Knowledge of alternative meanings of stuttering, different models of therapy and theories of change, as well as experimenting with personal change, were effective to a limited degree in changing the direction of negative attitudes. Relevant experience of working with people who stutter was also important for some student therapists in beginning to change the direction of the negative stereotype.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

The Lidcombe Programme of early stuttering intervention: methods and issues.

The Lidcombe Programme is an operant intervention for early stuttering that parents administer to children in their everyday speaking environments. The treatment was developed at the Suttering Unit, Bankstown Health Service, Sydney, and The University of Sydney. Recently, staff from the Australian Stuttering Research Centre. The University of Sydney, toured universities and clinics in the UK to present lectures about this treatment. We were encouraged to write this paper because an independent survey showed that most speech and language therapists who attended the presentations were open to this treatment. Prior to and following that lecture tour, publications in the press and professional journals in the UK alluded to many positive features of the Lidcombe Programme, but also raised several issues about it. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the Lidcombe Programme and address the following criticisms of the treatment that were raised in the UK: (1) Stuttering is complex but the Lidcombe Programme is simple; (2) the Lidcombe Programme is not an operant treatment, but invokes positive changes in children's environments; (3) the Lidcombe Programme is harmful to children; and (4) the scientific evidence in support of the Lidcombe Programme is flawed. Each of these issues is addressed from logical, theoretical and empirical viewpoints.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

[Pathogenetic mechanisms of stuttering].

A complex study including neurologic, psychologic, neurophysiologic and EEG investigation of 33 stutter patients was performed to determine pathogenetic mechanisms of stutter. All clinical data obtained were presented by means of structural schemes based on topical diagnosis. All the symptoms were divided into blocks containing information about functional state of separate CNS structures and systems, character and degree of observed deviation. The analysis of obtained results permits to consider dysfunction of hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal system under emotional stress as a cause of stutter. Peculiarities of the neurohumoral regulatory system development determine both age and sex specificity of the considered syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[A case of callosal apraxia without agraphia and acquired stuttering associated with callosal infarction].

We report a 52-year-old right-handed man with cerebral infarction of the right anterior cerebral artery area. The MRI findings showed cerebral infarction in the trunk of the right corpus callosum, although some part of the posterior half of the trunk was spared. Some part of right precuneal gyrus, cingulate gyrus were also involved. The clinical feature of this case is characterized by following two points. First, although callosal apraxia is usually accompanied by agraphia, he showed apraxia with the left hand, but showed no agraphia. Secondary, he showed speech dysfluency mainly characterized by initial syllable repetitions. The nature of this speech dysfluency was determined as acquired stuttering. This case suggests that the pathway for praxis locates distinct portion from that for writing on corpus callosum. We analyzed callosal lesions of previous studies reporting callosal apraxia without agraphia, then compared to that of this case. And we also reviewed acquired stuttering report caused by callosal lesions. Consequently, we suggest that apraxia and stuttering were caused by damage of the trunk of the corpus callosum. While writing was preserved by the intact fibers in the posterior half of the trunk.

Apraxias↗
PubMed2001

[Stuttering in old people].

We can meet sometimes an opinion that the old people do not stutter. The author wanted to verify this hypothesis. 196 old people from the Veteran's Home were examined. In 4 of them a mild signs of stuttering were found, in one the signs were significant. The stutterers said that their symptoms diminished after the year of 50.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

[Attention deficits in the school aged stuttering child: constituent trait or comorbidity].

A first account of a prospective study of attention deficit disorders among school-age stutterers--in the settings of a fluency clinic newly opened in a large general hospice--has led to the evidence of a significant association between impulsivity and stuttering. It seems therefore necessary to include attention tests among the subtests of our assessment protocols. Ways of helping the young stutterers with ADD are later thoroughly described.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1992

FAMC Intensive Stuttering Treatment Program: ten years of implementation.

An intensive stuttering treatment program for military service members is described. Over a 10-year period, 117 stutters have been treated in a program in which graded airflow, tension/relaxation, electromyographic biofeedback, and a modified hierarchical desensitization procedure have been used to obtain and maintain normally fluent speech. All patients treated have met the criterion of less than 1% stuttered words. Of 57 patients followed for from 3-36 months after treatment, 42 (74%) have maintained normally fluent speech.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Palilalia and acquired stuttering in a case of Parkinson's disease].

We report palilalia and acquired stuttering in a 60-year-old Japanese male with Parkinson's disease. At the age of 54, he presented with resting tremor in the hand and foot on the left, and gradual slowness in voluntary movements. Two years later, resting tremor involved the right foot, and an expressionless face and frozen gait occurred. A diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was made and treatment with L-dopa and carbidopa resulted in conspicuous improvement. At the age of 57, he developed compulsive repetitions of syllables, words and phrases, and sentences infrequently when he spoke. They have been persisting for four years. Repetitions increased in spontaneous speech while they decreased in oral reading and repetition of sentences. These repetitions in speech were symptomatologically diagnosed as palilalia and acquired stuttering. Brain CT showed slight brain atrophy, and brain MRI disclosed a few lesions indicating lacunae in the left substantia nigra, left putamen, and right internal capsule. SPECT showed a slight decrease in blood flow in the frontal lobes and basal ganglia bilaterally. Full IQ on WAIS was 105, and neither agnosia nor apraxia was detected. Palilalia and acquired stuttering, though the pathomechanism has not been clarified, have been reported to occur usually secondary to cerebral vascucular lesions and very rarely in Parkinson's disease. In the present case, they may have been produced by the parkinsonian nigro-striatal lesions. Alternatively, they may have been induced by the small vascular lesions demonstrated by MRI.

Atrophy↗
PubMed2006

[Neurological aspects of stuttering].

Stuttering is characterised by repetitions, prolongations and pausing while speaking. Researchers have looked for many explanations. However, the cause of stuttering remains unknown. In recent years, structural abnormalities in the speech-related structures of the central nervous system have been brought into focus as a cause of stuttering. Research has shown signs of a lateral hemisphere asymmetry, abnormalities in the basal ganglia, dysfunction in the supplementary motor area and/or a dysfunction in the coordination of the cerebellum. This article is a review of this part of the literature.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

[Biochemical studies in stuttering in children].

Selected biochemical investigations were performed in 53 stuttering children aged 5-12, and in control group of 22 clinically healthy, non-stuttering children aged 6-16. Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions in the serum were determined according to the pharmacopoeia++ "Zweites Arztneimittelbuch++ der DDR (1983)". A special anamnestic questionnaire helped to exclude metabolic diseases and/or gastro-intestinal disorders. As a result of the study, significant differences between the Mg-ion concentrations in both groups could be demonstrated. In 47% of the stuttering children studied, hypomagnesaemia was found. This result provides interesting aspects for further investigations concerning medicamentous therapeutic concepts.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Current status of stuttering therapy in preschool and school-age children in the Federal Republic of Germany: results of a questionnaire study among therapists and analysis of the literature].

It is evident that no empirical research has been carried out within the preschool age-group of stuttering children and also that information on the subject published in international and especially in the Anglo-American literature has not received the attention of German therapists. Rather than concentrating upon the stuttering child's speech and language, they attempt to convey to the child a greater pleasure in speaking and in communicating; this may result in symptoms that could aggravate prognosis. More than half of the therapists maintain the same attitude toward school-age children. The review of the literature and the replies to the questionnaire show that German therapists require new orientation toward scientific investigation and new concepts in the treatment of stuttering preschool children.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Stuttering prevalence among patients at risk for velopharyngeal inadequacy: a preliminary investigation.

The purpose of the present investigation was to provide preliminary information concerning the prevalence of stuttering among patients manifesting structural abnormalities of the velopharyngeal complex. Certain theoretical considerations suggested, a priori, that the prevalence of stuttering might be higher among these patients, although unsubstantiated clinical impressions indicated that the opposite was true. A retrospective study of 534 patients uncovered one individual whose speech was characterized by stuttering. This prevalence rate of 1.87 per 1,000 did not differ significantly from the 7 per 1,000 prevalence rate that would be expected in the general population. However, the lack of statistical significance may have resulted from the small sample size. Additional information from other craniofacial centers is needed to address this issue adequately. The theoretical implications of these initial findings are explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Eye movements of stutterers.

As a consequence of recent inquiries into the brainstem activity of stutterers, saccades and pursuit were evaluated in stutterers and their matched normals while silent and talking. No ocular motor instabilities or aberrations caused by speech were found. Saccadic latencies and gains for the stutterers were normal, but peak velocities were higher and durations were shorter. This finding is consistent with hypotheses of speech dysfluency proposed by others. The gains of these fast saccades were kept normal by an adaptive decrease in the duration of the neural pulse producing the saccade. It is proposed that these fast saccades are a result of increased excitatory input to the burst cells in the brainstem.

Adult↗