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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Tinea versicolor of the scalp.

BACKGROUND: Tinea versicolor (TV) is commonly described on the trunk without giving attention to involvement of the scalp. We examined cases with dandruff with and without TV on the body to see how frequent Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is present in dandruff scales. METHODS: A total of 80 patients were examined mycologically using KOH preparation for the presence of M. furfur in dandruff scales. RESULTS: M. furfur was found in dandruff scales in 7 out of 20 men with TV (35%) and 5 out of 20 women with TV (25%), whereas it was absent in another 40 cases without clinical lesions of TV on the body. CONCLUSIONS: Attention must be paid to TV of the hairy scalp. Cases of dandruff, especially those accompanied with TV of the body, must be examined for the presence of M. furfur because of its prognostic significance. Positive cases should be treated accordingly.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of pediculosis capitis with thiabendazole: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the improvement of health standards, head lice infestation remains a problem worldwide. In addition, there is increasing evidence that head lice are becoming resistant to common pediculocides. AIM: To test the potential effectiveness of thiabendazole, a potent and broad-spectrum antiparasitic and scabicidal agent, for the treatment of pediculosis capitis. METHODS: Twenty-three female patients, aged 7-12 years, who had active head lice infestation, were treated with oral thiabendazole, 20 mg/kg twice daily for 1 day, with repeat treatment after 10 days. RESULTS: On the 11th day, meticulous hair examination showed that 21 patients had responded to treatment [91%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 71-98%], with 14 showing complete responsiveness (61%; 95% CI, 40-78%). The only adverse reactions observed were nausea and mild dizziness, which occurred in four patients, three of whom took the drug on an empty stomach. CONCLUSIONS: Thiabendazole may be a promising treatment for head lice infestation. The primary action of this drug seems to be the inhibition of parasite microtubule polymerization by binding to beta-tubulin. In addition, thiabendazole may interfere with the synaptic transmission of lice through its probable cholinergic effect. As pediculosis capitis is a very communicable disease, the unresponsiveness to thiabendazole could largely be attributed to new infestations during the drug-free interval. Therefore, massive and simultaneous rather than individual and isolated treatments should be used to achieve the epidemiologic control of this ectoparasitosis. As this is a preliminary study, the performance of double-blind, randomized controlled trials on this subject is warranted. Thiabendazole, either alone or in combination with other agents, may prove to be of particular use in areas in which head lice show resistance to common pediculocides.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Broad-band UVB fiber-optic comb for the treatment of scalp psoriasis: a pilot study.

Abstract Background Scalp psoriasis is a frustrating condition with limited treatment options. Our objective was to test a new fiber-optic broad-band UVB comb device for the treatment of this condition. Methods Scalp psoriasis on adult subjects was treated three times a week for up to 12 weeks with a fiber-optic UVB comb. A minimum 50-cm(2) scalp area served as the control. Starting doses were based on the standard minimal erythema dose (MED) with increments up to 20% for subsequent treatments. Results Fourteen subjects completed the study without sunburn reactions or blisters. Treated sites showed a mean improvement in the modified PASI score of 3.6. The difference in the mean modified PASI scores between the control and treated sites was 3.9 (< 0.0001). Conclusions This fiber-optic broad-band UVB comb can safely and effectively treat scalp psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The value of Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis in 25 cases of furunculoid myiasis.

BACKGROUND: The larvae of the botfly Dermatobia hominis cause furunculoid myiasis in endemic areas. Lack of knowledge of this condition outside these areas leads to confusion in diagnosis and delays appropriate treatment. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical findings of furunculoid myiasis encountered in Quintana Roo, in the south-east of Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed an observational study on 25 cases diagnosed over a period of 4 years. RESULTS: Diagnosis of furunculoid myiasis was made in 14 males and 11 females with an average age of 24.5 years. Most of our patients were students, farmers, or housewives. The number of lesions varied from one to four. In 20% of cases, more than one parasite was present in each lesion. The scalp was the most commonly affected region (40%), followed by the trunk and the extremities. Doppler ultrasound study (DUSG) of the furuncle-like lesions confirmed the clinical diagnosis in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Furunculoid myiasis is frequent in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. We found no association with occupation, gender, social background or age. DUSG can be used to evaluate the number of parasites per furunculoid lesion avoiding misdiagnoses and treatment delays.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Transmission potential of the human head louse, Pediculus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae).

BACKGROUND: Millions of people are infested by head lice every year. However, louse transfer between hosts is not well-understood. Our goals were to determine: (1) which stages were most likely to disperse and why, (2) the likelihood of fomites transmission, and (3) if host blood gender affects louse development. METHODS: Various life stages of lice at differing densities were permitted to cross over a 15-cm hair bridge placed between two artificial blood-feeding arenas. Louse transfer caused by hot air movements, combing, toweling, and passive transfer to fabric was investigated. The ability of lice to oviposit on different foreign substrates and the hatching potential of eggs intermittently incubated for 8 h/night on a host were likewise investigated. Louse in vitro development following feeding on human female or male donor blood was compared. RESULTS: Adult lice were the most likely to disperse. Neither population density nor hunger significantly affected dispersal tendencies. Lice were dislodged by air movement, combs and towels, and passively transferred to fabric within 5 min. Females oviposited on a variety of substrates and 59% of eggs incubated for 8 h/night hatched after 14-16 days. There was no survivorship difference between lice artificially fed on female vs. male blood. CONCLUSIONS: Adult lice are the most mobile, indicating that they are most likely to initiate new infestations. Although head-to-head contact may be the primary route of transmission, less direct routes involving fomites may play a role and need further evaluation. Blood-borne factors do not appear to cause any gender-biased host preference.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Quantification of blood intake of the head louse: Pediculus humanus capitis.

Although head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis, are globally prevalent blood-sucking ectoparasites, the amount of blood imbibed by head lice has not been determined. This study investigated this parameter, as regular loss of a small quantity of blood may lead to an iron deficiency and anaemia. Adult female lice (66), adult males (46), and nymphs (152) were weighed before and after feeding in groups of 17-109 lice. The average amounts of blood imbibed at a single feed were: adult female louse (0.0001579 ml), adult male (0.0000657 ml) and nymph (0.0000387 ml). Assuming three feeds per day by an average infection of 30 lice (10 females, 10 males, and 10 nymphs), the average child with active pediculosis would loose 0.008 ml of blood per day. This amount of blood loss is of no clinical significance even in iron-deficient children. The most heavily infected child observed with 2657 lice could be expected to loose 0.7 ml/day or 20.8 ml/month, which may be of clinical importance in a child on an adequate diet, and would be significant in an iron-deficient child. However, if head lice feed more often than three times a day, a heavy infestation would have a greater potential to lead to iron deficiency. The frequency of feeding of head lice on the head of the human host needs to be determined.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗