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PubMed1989

[Odontogenesis and dentition development following irradiation of pediatric tumors of the maxillofacial area].

A case involving a 13-year-old patient who was found to have an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle pharynx at the age of six and a half years will present the consequences of radiotherapy to the head of a growing child. The clinical examination and the X-rays show the effects of radiation: delayed development of the teeth, root dwarfism, caries and general growth disturbance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Scanning electron microscopic study of prepared cavities involving enamel, dentin, and cementum.

The dental treatment needs of many elderly people involve root surface caries and class V restorations. A scanning electron microscopic examination of extracted teeth with class V cavity preparations showed that well-developed cementum margins could be produced. Most studies regard the dentinocemental junction as behaving as dentin in relation to the restorative sealing process and possible marginal leakage. This study emphasizes the importance of the inclusion of cementum in class V cavity preparation and the possibility of marginal leakage occurring, depending on the restorative material used and whether acid-etch techniques are involved. Further studies on the cementum margin should be undertaken in regard to special treatment requirements related to bonding, marginal preparation, and marginal leakage.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1993

Quantitative microleakage of some dentinal bonding restorative systems.

The quantitative microleakage of class V cementum (dentin) cavities restored with six dentinal bonding restorative systems was determined in vitro. Ninety extracted human permanent first and second mandibular and maxillary premolars were used in this study. Class V preparations were made in cementum (dentin) at the root facial surfaces. The preparations were restored with 1) a dentin bonding system containing 2% HEMA and BisGMA and a light-cured microfilled composite; 2) the same materials only substituting META/MMA base and TBB catalyst monomers for the BisGMA sealer; 3) a dentin bonding system containing 35% HEMA with META/MMA base and TBB catalyst, and a light-cured hybrid composite; 5) the same dentin bonding system only substituting the 35% glycerylmethacrylate for the 35% HEMA and using the microfilled composite; and 6) the previously described system with a substitution of 0.5 mol EDTA for the 10% citric acid -3% FeCl3. Fifteen teeth were restored with each procedure. The restorations were finished with 12-bladed carbide burs 15 min after placement, the teeth were stored in saline at 37 degrees C for 24 h, finished with Sof-Lex discs and then thermocycled in 2% methylene blue solution 500 times between 50 degrees C and 8 degrees C with a dwell time of 15 s. Quantitative microleakage was determined by a spectrophotometric dye-recovery method and expressed in microgram/dye/restoration. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The quantitative microleakage of the teeth restored with the adhesive systems containing 35% glyceryl methacrylate was significantly reduced. The bonding mechanism of glyceryl methacrylate is not known.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of four in vitro marginal leakage tests applied to root surface restorations.

Marginal leakage associated with a variety of restorative materials, placed in root surface cavities of extracted teeth, was assessed by immersing the teeth in either acidified gelatin, eosin dye, silver nitrate or a solution of radiocalcium. The allocation of a score, dependent on the depth of tracer penetration at the interface, allowed comparisons to be made between the leakage tests employed. The rank order of the four leakage tests was generally consistent. Eosin resulted in the most severe leakage, followed by silver nitrate and radiocalcium, whilst acidified gelatin was the least sensitive method for demonstrating marginal leakage. Differences in leakage scores were not, however, always statistically significant. None of the four tests investigated was ideal, although eosin dye was considered to be the most appropriate method of demonstrating marginal leakage associated with root restorations.

Calcium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed2005

Scapholunate dislocation: a rare occupational hazard.

Dentists and their assistants are at risk of physical injuries during dental operations. The most common injuries are musculoskeletal. The need to work in a fixed working position using continuous repetitive movements can predispose dentists to wrist ache, lower backache, and neckache. We encountered a rare case of scapholunate dislocation with ligamentous injury, an unusual complication of extraction of teeth.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2006

The effect of sodium hypochlorite application on the success of calcium hydroxide pulpotomy in primary teeth.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) used as a hemostatic agent on the outcome of calcium hydroxide pulpotomies of primary teeth. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 18 primary molars with advanced caries and root resorption of approximately half the root length were randomly placed into 2 groups. Conventional calcium hydroxide pulpotomies were performed on teeth in both groups; however, a cotton pellet saturated with 3% sodium hypochlorite was applied to teeth in the treatment group for 30 seconds before the pulpotomy to control hemorrhage. After the extraction of the teeth, they were examined histologically. RESULTS: In the histologic evaluation it was found that none of the specimens in the control group showed necrosis and 1 specimen in the treatment group showed partial necrosis. CONCLUSION: It was found that the use of 3% NaOCl as a hemostatic agent had no effect on the outcome of calcium hydroxide pulpotomies with the given concentration and timing of the NaOCl treatment and the given observation period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

In vitro evaluation of topical fluorides for overdenture abutments.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Topical fluorides are effective, yet none have been developed specifically for root or dentin surfaces. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the ability of several commercial topical fluorides to protect overdenture abutments from in vitro acid demineralization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty extracted teeth from persons aged 50 to 70 years were prepared for overdenture abutments. The teeth were sectioned to provide 40 buccal and lingual halves, covered with nail varnish except for windows on the occlusal and root surfaces, and randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 specimens, which were cycled for 6 hours in acid demineralization, washed, and then held 17 hours in a remineralizing solution for 18 days. Before each cycle, the specimens were treated with either Karigel, Karigel-N, or a NaF solution. The control group was treated with fluoride-free solution. RESULTS: The depth of the artificial lesions on the root surfaces showed a statistically significant dose response. On the occlusal, there were no differences in lesion depth between the various topical fluorides and the control group. But there was a dose response when the remineralized band was subtracted from the lesion depth. Remineralization bands in the occlusal lesions were not evident in the control group, but were present in the fluoride groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that higher concentrations of NaF are more protective for overdenture abutments.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

A study of the classification and treatment of noncarious cervical lesions by general practitioners.

PURPOSE: This study presented a survey to determine what general practitioners in Nova Scotia perceived to be the cause of noncarious cervical lesions, and to ascertain their most frequent method of treatment. METHODS: The survey was completed by 63% of the 343 dentists polled. RESULTS: Ninety-four percent classified the lesion as abrasion, and 66% rated toothbrushing as the most likely cause. Treatment methods were varied, with no clear preference. CONCLUSION: The most frequently used restorative materials were GI/composites (29%) and composites (27%). The results of the survey suggest that treatment provided for noncarious cervical lesions may not be based on the correct diagnosis.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2000

Dental and periodontal status of Sjögren's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is one of the most common systemic autoimmune diseases in middle-aged women. The present study had the aim to examine the dental and periodontal condition in patients with SS in comparison with disease controls and to evaluate the influence of reduced salivary flow in the periodontal tissues. METHOD: We examined 24 patients with primary or secondary SS in comparison with 27 patients who had another autoimmune disease but no signs or symptoms of SS, as well as with 29 subjects who had a subjective feeling of xerostomia or xerophthalmia without exhibiting an underlying disease. The clinical evaluation included examination of the oral mucosa, determination of missing, decayed and filled teeth, fixed or removable prosthetic appliances, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level, oral hygiene habits and frequency of dental visits. Statistical analysis was performed using the 2-tailed Fisher exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the dental or periodontal condition of the 3 groups. The number of teeth, feelings and distal or mesial decay lesions correlated negatively with age, while the number of fixed prosthetic appliances correlated positively. The salivary flow was statistically lower in patients with SS and exhibited a negative correlation with the number of cervical decay lesions. It was also found that SS patients had better oral hygiene habits than subjects of the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: No significant,difference could be detected concerning the dental and periodontal status of SS patients, compared with that of patients with other immune diseases as well as with that of controls who had subjective xerostomia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of combined endodontic-periodontic lesions by intentional replantation and application of hydroxyapatites.

A case of combined endodontic-periodontic lesions on a mandibular first molar was treated by intentional replantation and application of hydroxyapatites. Four months after the surgery, a porcelain-mental full crown restoration was completed. The 15-month follow-up examination showed that the tooth was clinically and radiographically healthy and functioned well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

An evaluation of an oral health training programme for carers of the elderly in residential homes.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were: to evaluate carers' knowledge of oral health; to provide a high quality, consistent, oral health training programme for carers in residential homes; to evaluate the quality of this programme by examining both carers' changes in knowledge and any changes in carers' behaviour as reported by residents and to assess any changes in the oral health of the elderly residents after one year. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, multi-centre study using a carer training programme, evaluated by both a questionnaire conducted with carers and residents and oral examination of residents. SETTING: In August 1996, 20 (20%) of the residential/nursing homes, in West Hertfordshire were chosen at random and all managers contacted and offered an oral examination for all their residents. Ten (10%) of the homes were also offered an oral health training programme for their carers. Eighteen homes accepted the oral examination for all consenting residents and 7 of the 10 homes offered accepted the carer training. SUBJECTS: Thirty-nine carers from 7 of the residential homes attended an oral health training course and 213 elderly residents in the 18 homes were examined both at baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: Carers' baseline knowledge about oral health was poor; the oral health training programme was enjoyed and their knowledge gain after one week was high. However, the elderly residents perceived no change in the oral care given by carers either after one week or after one year and there was no measurable improvement in the oral health of residents after carer training, except for an increase in filled coronal surfaces. Few of the carers originally trained were still working in the same residential homes after one year. CONCLUSION: Although the carer training programme was well received, no changes in oral health practice resulted. Barriers to practice of oral care by carers remained and training, even when including practical skills, evaluation by peers and a high knowledge gain, failed to reduce these barriers.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Dental restorations in adults in the UK in 1998 and implications for the future.

People in their late fifties in the UK today can expect to live another 20 years and most want to maintain a functional and aesthetically acceptable dentition. However, 50% of the teeth of dentate adults aged 45 years and over are filled and crowned. The challenges for the dental profession in addressing these aspirations are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Microleakage of Diaket and amalgam in root-end cavities prepared using MicroMega sonic retro-prep tips.

The in vitro sealing ability of the root-canal sealer Diaket when used as a root-end filling material was compared with that of amalgam using linear micro-leakage of Indian ink. Eight groups of 20 extracted teeth each were formed, plus 12 control teeth as follows: 1) root-end resection of 45 degrees bevel, root-end cavity preparation with an 008 round bur, amalgam root-end filling; 2) 45 degrees bevel, bur, Diaket; 3) 45 degrees bevel, using a sonic retro-prep tip, amalgam; 4) 45 degrees bevel, sonic, Diaket; 5) no bevel, bur, amalgam; 6) no bevel, bur, Diaket; 7) no bevel, sonic, amalgam; 8) no bevel, sonic, Diaket. Root-end cavity depths of 3 mm were prepared. Specimens were immersed in Indian ink for 2 weeks. The teeth were demineralized, rendered transparent and linear dye penetration recorded. Results showed that Diaket provided a superior seal to amalgam irrespective of the root-end preparation. The degree of bevel of the resected root-end did not influence leakage. Sonic instrumentation resulted in a larger root-end cavity than with burs.

Apicoectomy↗
PubMed2003

In vitro study of endodontic post cementation protocols that use resin cements.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) may alter resin bond strength by deproteination of demineralized dentin collagen. PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of NaOCl treatment on bond adhesion and tensile strength of different post cementation protocols in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The periconductual dentin of 120 single-rooted, caries-free, unrestored human teeth was etched with 37% orthophosphoric acid. The teeth in Group I (60) were left untreated, and the teeth in Group II (60) were treated with 10% NaOCl. Four post-cementation protocols were examined (15 teeth in each) for Groups I and II: ED Primer dentin adhesive + Panavia 21 Ex; ED Primer dentin adhesive + Dual Cement; Panavia 21 Ex; and Dual Cement. For each condition, resin tags, hybrid layers over the periconductual dentin and post surface, were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Specimens were loaded with a uniaxial tensile force using an electromechanical testing machine until cement failure. Bond adhesion and tensile strength with different protocols were examined statistically using multiple analysis of variance at a significance level of alpha<.05. RESULTS: SEM revealed morphologic differences; Group II exhibited cylindrical, solid tags and Group I, tapered, hollow tags. Uniaxial tensile strength tests showed that in Group I, Panavia 21 Ex cement was strongest, whereas in Group II, this protocol was the weakest and Dual Cement with adhesive was the strongest. In Group II, Panavia 21 Ex diminished the tensile bond strength; however, combination with dentin adhesive increased it. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, NaOCl treatment did not significantly alter tensile bond strength, but when combined with the dentin adhesive ED Primer, a significant rise in strength resulted. A positive relationship existed between increased tag numbers and higher tensile bond strength.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1999

Combined effects of acidulated phosphate fluoride and argon laser on sound root surface morphology: an in vitro scanning electron microscopy study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vitro scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was to evaluate the effects of combining low fluence argon laser (AL) irradiation and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) treatment on the surface morphology of sound human root surfaces. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Previous in vitro investigations have shown that combined APF and AL irradiation of root surfaces provided a protective effect against cariogenic challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve extracted human molars were sectioned into quarters, and each quarter assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: (1) no treatment/control; (2) low fluence (11.5 J/cm2) AL irradiation; (3) 1.23% APF for 4 minutes; (4) APF treatment followed by low fluence AL irradiation. Surface morphology alterations were compared among groups using SEM techniques. RESULTS: AL irradiation alone produced irregular textured surfaces with adherent globular material and fine microporsities in the background. APF treatment, alternatively, only created relatively smooth surface coatings that masked the original underlying root surface. Combining APF treatment followed by AL irradiation resulted in a surface coating composed of relatively small (2 to 3 microns) spherical to avoid precipitates, morphologically resembling calcium fluoride. CONCLUSION: Combining APF with AL irradiation may create a more reactive surface that possesses fluoride-rich mineral deposits and protects the underlying root surface from cariogenic challenges.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed1994

Surface-associated properties of Actinomyces strains and their potential relation to pathogenesis.

Twenty-nine strains from the Actinomyces species were tested for a range of surface properties. Results show considerable heterogeneity both between different species and within some of the species, especially Actinomyces naeslundii. Two commonly used A. naeslundii strains, T14V and ATCC 12104, fell within the low (salivary aggregation and collagen binding by T14V), moderate (surface charge and haemagglutination) or high range of values (hydrophobicity, saliva-coated hydroxyapatite adhesion, polystyrene binding by T14V, fibrinogen binding by T14V and collagen binding by A. naeslundii ATCC 12104). Both strains adhered well to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite; T14V bound the highest amount of fibrinogen, ATCC 12104 had the highest number of cells bound to collagen and T14V was not bound at all. The heterogeneity of these characteristics highlights the need to include a range of strains of Actinomyces in studies on their pathogenicity. Statistical correlations were found between a number of properties, for example saliva-coated hydroxyapatite adhesion and hydrophobicity, and between haemagglutination and hydrophobicity.

Actinomyces↗