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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Chlorophacinone intoxication. A biological and toxicological study.

Plasma chlorophacinone determinations were performed in three cases of intoxication. The data collected in this study confirm the particularly prolonged anticoagulant effect of this compound and show that the knowledge of plasma concentrations may be very useful for clinicians since it allows to confirm the diagnosis and to evaluate the duration of the treatment. The determination of half-lives was investigated and the results indicate that the greater the quantity absorbed, the longer the half-life. The effect of phenobarbital on the elimination of cholorophacinone could be studied in one case. An increased elimination was noted when phenobarbital was administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cutaneous exposure to warfarin-like anticoagulant causing an intracerebral hemorrhage: a case report.

A case of intercerebral hematoma due to warfarin-induced coagulopathy is presented. The 39-year-old woman had spread a warfarin-type rat poison around her house weekly using her bare hands, with no washing post application. Percutaneous absorption of warfarin causing coagulopathy, reported three times in the past, is a significant risk if protective measures, such as gloves, are not used. An adverse drug interaction with piroxicam, which she took occasionally, may have exacerbated the coagulopathy.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1996

Clinical presentation and prognostic factors in sodium monofluoroacetate intoxication.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of sodium monofluoroacetate intoxication in humans is usually based on a history of ingestion and clinical findings. Although several previous reports have described the clinical course and outcome of patients who ingested this drug, prognostic indicators of short-term survival are not available. METHODS: A retrospective study of 38 consecutive cases of sodium monofluoroacetate poisoning at the National Cheng Kung. University Hospital, 1988-1993, to analyze the clinical findings and to predict mortality. RESULTS: Seven of 38 patients (18%) died. The most common symptom was nausea or vomiting (74%). The most frequent ECG finding was nonspecific ST-T and T wave abnormalities (72%). Hypocalcemia (42%) and hypokalemia (65%) were the common electrolyte abnormalities. The clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared for the survival and mortality groups. Significant differences in hypotension, respiratory rate, pulse rate, creatinine, potassium, elevated alanine aminotransferase, pH, PCO2, APACHE II score, and subjective respiratory distress were noted. Discriminant analysis identified hypotension, increased serum creatinine, and decreased pH as the most important predictors of mortality, with sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 96%. CONCLUSIONS: Hypotension and the early onset of metabolic acidosis and increased serum creatinine are associated with poor short-term survival. These prognostic variables can be useful in the care of patients with suspected sodium monofluoroacetate intoxication. It is suggested that all such patients should be observed intensively for at least 48 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Acute hexogen poisoning after occupational exposure.

BACKGROUND: Hexogen (cyclonite, RDX) nitrate explosive is an infrequent cause of poisoning. CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old man with no prior history of epilepsy experienced grand mal seizures after sieving fine hexogen (RDX) powder for four hours in an ammunition plant. Physical examination was normal on arrival at the emergency room but recurrent seizures occurred six hour after admission. EEG, CT scan and MRI were normal and the patient recovered uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: The available toxicological data on this rare occupational poisoning are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Carbamate poisoning in early childhood and in adults.

OBJECTIVE: Retrospective evaluation of the clinical course of carbamate poisoning in young children and adults. DESIGN: Thirty-six children aged 1 to 8 years (median 2.5 years) and 24 adults aged 17 to 41 years (median 22 years) ingested rat poison resulting in carbamate poisoning. The ingested poisons in all cases were positively identified as methomyl or aldicarb by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Symptoms of intoxication in children were compared to those in adults with similar depression of the serum cholinesterase. The predominant symptoms in young children were central nervous system depression and hypotonia. The most common muscarinic effect was diarrhea. In adults, the main signs were miosis and fasciculations. Fasciculations in children were less frequent. Central nervous system depression, hypotonia, and diarrhea were uncommon in adults. CONCLUSION: Based on a relatively large number of carbamate poisonings in young children, we conclude that the clinical presentation differs from adult poisoning manifestations. The absence of classic muscarinic effects does not exclude the possibility of carbamate poisoning in young children with central nervous system depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Experiments on direct and secondary poisoning by fluoroacetamide (1081) in wildlife and domestic carnivores.

Fluoroacetamide (1081 or F.A.A) is used in Israel for field rodent control. Experiments on direct and secondary, short and long term poisoning caused by 1081 were carried out. Mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), hyena (Hyaena hyaena), cats and dogs were susceptible. Barn owls (Tyto alba), buzzards (Buteo buteo) and black kites (Milvus m. migrans) were markedly resistant. Barn owls tolerated total direct poisoning ranging from 6.8 to 10.9, and a final dose ranging from 0.8 to 2.0 mg/kg. In secondary poisoning, total doses ranging from 1.7 to 7.1, and final doses ranging from 0.2 to 1.3 mg/kg were tolerated. Buzzards tolerated total direct poisoning ranging from 6 to 12.0, and final doses ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 mg/kg. In secondary poisoning, doses ranging from 0.8 to 10.3 and final doses ranging from 0.2 to 2.4 mg/kg were tolerated. One black kite tolerated a total direct dose of 6.1 and final dose of 0.7 mg/kg, another survived a total dose of 2.3 and final dose of 0.2 mg/kg in secondary poisoning. A small-scale secondary poisoning experiment on two Palestine vipers (Vipera palestinae), a Syrian black snake (Coluber jugularis) and two Montpellier snakes (Malpolon monspessulanus) indicated that these species were resistant to total doses ranging from 0.1 to 3.2 and final doses of 0.1 to 0.8 mg/kg.

Amides↗
PubMed2000

Investigation of biological samples for monofluoroacetate and Dichapetalum cymosum poisoning in southern Africa.

A need has existed for the accurate identification of monofluoroacetate (MFA) poisoning in southern Africa. The development of a new method for the determination of MFA has made the analysis of a variety of biological samples (n = 50) feasible. The method has been used in the laboratory over 24 months. Monofluoroacetate was present in 66% of samples from cases of suspected poisoning, reflecting the extent of the problem. Stability of MFA in samples was also determined so as to have a time-bound baseline for the acceptance of samples submitted. It was found that there was a decrease in the level of MFA and, after 14 days at room temperature, only 50% of the spiked dose could be identified. It is suggested that samples be analyzed within 7 days of mortality if they not kept frozen.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1975

Problems associated with the control of rodents in tropical Africa.

As elsewhere in the world, rodents are responsible for very considerable economic losses in tropical Africa because of their depredations on both growing crops and stored food products. Unfortunately, few accurate data are available on the extent of these losses but there is evidence that they are considerable. The public health importance of rodents, both as reservoirs and vectors of disease in tropical Africa, is also great; plague, leptospirosis, murine typhus, and Lassa fever are among the diseases associated with rodent hosts. Scientifically based rodent control programmes have been carried out in very few areas of Africa and there is urgent need for studies and demonstrations on rodent control in both urban and rural areas. The problems likely to be encountered are reviewed and methods of control proposed.

Africa↗
PubMed2000

A gene-anchored map position of the rat warfarin-resistance locus, Rw, and its orthologs in mice and humans.

The locus underlying hereditary resistance to the anticoagulant warfarin (symbol in the rat, Rw) was placed in relation to 8 positionally mapped gene-anchored microsatellite loci whose positions were known in the genome maps of the rat, mouse, and human. Rw segregated with the markers Myl2 (zero recombinants) and Itgam, Il4r, and Fgf2r (one recombinant each) during linkage analysis in a congenic warfarin- and bromadiolone-resistant laboratory strain of rats. Comparative ortholog mapping between rat, mouse, and human placed Rw onto mouse chromosome 7 at about 60 to 63 cM and onto one of the human chromosomes 10q25.3-26, 12q23-q24.3, and 16p13.1-p11. (Blood. 2000;96:1996-1998)

Animals↗