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PubMed1975

The ultrastructure, catecholamine, and prolactin contents of the rostral pars distalis of the fish Mugil platanus after reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine administration.

The rostral pars distalis (RPD) of the teleost Mugil plantanus from animals pretreated with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HODA) were assayed for dopamine (DA) or noradrenaline (NA) or for prolactin hormone. Such determinations were coupled with electron microscopy. It was found that reserpine and 6-HODA produced a significant decrease in the content of DA, NA, and prolactin. Electron microscope studies revealed that prolactin cells became activated as judged by ultrastructural criteria. After 6-HODA treatment type "B" neurosecretory fibers entering the RPD became selectively destroyed. These observations lead us to suggest that prolactin secretion is under inhibitory control by type "B" neurosecretory fibers of adrenergic nature.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructural analysis of the action of reserpine on the brain neuroendocrine system of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella L., Lepidoptera.

This study concerns the influence of reserpine on the fine structure of peptidergic neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis of Galleria mellonella, and of neurons containing smaller dense-cored vesicles (presumed to be aminergic) localized in the same area of the brain. The drug, administered in doses of 125 microgram and 250 microgram per g of insect body weight, reduces both the amount and the electron opacity of the dense-cored vesicles with a diameter of 60--80 nm in the neuronal perikarya as well as their terminals. Simultaneously, this treatment evokes an abnormal accumulation of secretory granules within the perikarya of peptidergic neurosecretory cells belonging to three types. This accumulation of secretory material is followed by some changes in the fine structure of these cells. One (fourth) type of neurosecretory cells seems to be insensitive to reserpine action. Participation of the aminergic system in the regulation of the secretory activity of some populations of peptidergic neurosecretory neurons of the insect brain is postulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of reserpine and p-chlorophenylalanine on the circadian rhythm of granulated vesicles in the pinealocytes of mice.

The number of granulated vesicles in mouse pinealocytes exhibit a distinct circadian rhythm which is abolished by superior cervical ganglionectomy. Since melatonin treatment markedly effects the number of pinealocytic granulated vesicles, it was suggested that a relationship may exist between norepinephrine, melatonin, and the synthesis and/or secretion of pinealocyte granulated vesicles. The present study was undertaken in an attempt to clarify this relationship. Mice were housed in an environmental chamber under controlled lighting (12L/12D), and were treated with either reserpine, a drug which depletes serotonin and norepinephrine, or p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis. They were sacrificed at various times over a twenty-four hour period, and granulated vesicles present in the pinealocytes were quantitated in thin cross sections through pericapillary areas. Reserpine treatment resulted in a marked increase in the number of granulated vesicles during the dark, but led to a slight decrease during the photoperiod. Treatment with p-CPA produced no significant effect. The results of this study do not support our previous theory that melatonin plays an important role in the regulation of the pinealocyte secretory process, but instead points more directly to the significant role that norepinephrine has in controlling pinealocyte secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Reserpine and alpha-methyldopa in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.

Thirty inpatients with evidence of tardive dyskinesia secondary to antipsychotic medications participated in this double-blind, controlled, randomized study comparing reserpine, alpha-methyldopa and placebo. Reserpine at doses of 0.75--1.5 mg daily, or alpha-methyldopa at doses of 750--1,500 mg daily, produced a statistically significant improvement in tardive dyskinesia symptomatology compared to the results obtained with placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Lithium prevention of amphetamine-induced 'manic' excitement and of reserpine-induced 'depression' in mice: possible role of 2-phenylethylamine.

Repeated treatment of mice with lithium chloride (45 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 8 days) reduced the jumping, fighting, stereotypies, and hyperactivity induced by d-amphetamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Lithium also reduced the hypoactivity observed 1--3 h after reserpine (0.75 mg/kg, i.p.). In biochemical studies we found that 8-day treatment with lithium markedly reduced (to 45% of control) the recovery from brain of labelled 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) following i.p. injection of labelled L-phenylalanine, while decreasing recovery from brain of labelled PEA following its i.p. injection of 63% of control. In saline-treated mice, d-amphetamine appeared to increase PEA synthesis and to accelerate its disposition, whereas reserpine enhanced PEA synthesis and reduced disposition; all of these effects were antagonized by lithium pretreatments. Since PEA appears to be one of the most powerful behavioral stimulants among endogenous neuroamines, and because its deaminated metabolites are behavioral depressants, such antagonism of brain PEA metabolism may significantly contribute to the prophylactic action of lithium against both manic and depressive behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Drug-induced parkinsonism in the rat- a model for biochemical investigation of the parkinson-syndrome. III. The incorporation of D-glucose-14C(U) in amino acids of brain and liver from rats pretreated with reserpine or with phenothiazines.

Following treatment with reserpine or alternatively with a combination of phenothiazines (Randolektil, Majeptil) a drug-induced parkinsonoid reaction was provoked in rats. Twenty min before decapitation, 18 muCi d-glucose-14C(U) was administered intravenously. Concentration and radioactivities of glutamic acid (glu), glutamine (gln), serine (ser), and glycine (gly) were assayed in some regions of brain and in liver. Separation was performed by a combination of paper electrophoresis and chromatography or by an automatic amino acid analyzer. 1 After reserpine, the concentrations of serine and glycine were increased ten-fold while their specific activities decreased by the same factor. The interconversion serine-glycine was not affected. The concentration of glutamic acid was reduced while its specific activity remained constant. 2. After phenothiazines, the concentrations of serine and glycine in brain were also increased but their specific activities were decreased to a different degree. This indicates an additional effect on the serine-synthesis from glucose. The interconversion serine-glycine was also altered. The concentration of glutamic acid was decreased but specific activity was constant except in the thalamus region tested. 3. The influence of both treatments on amino acid turnover in liver differed from the observed impairment of brain metabolism. 4. Possible correlations between the changes in amino acid metabolism, catecholamines, and the neurologic parkinsonian symptoms are discussed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Modulating role of lithium on dopamine turnover, prolactin release, and behavioral supersensitivity following haloperidol and reserpine.

The effects of haloperidol, reserpine, and concomitant lithium were evaluated in biochemical, endocrine, and behavioral studies in the rat. Concomitant administration of a chronic regimen of haloperidol and lithium did not prevent the development of tolerance as noted by dopamine metabolites in the striatum or olfactory tuberculum. Nor did chronic lithium alter behavioral response in rats treated with reserpine and challenged with the dopamine agonist apomorphine. Additionally, prolactin release was increased by haloperidol, but was not altered by acute or chronic lithium treatment. These findings are discussed in the light of present knowledge of pre- and postsynaptic receptor changes and the effects of lithium.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Up- and down- regulation of central postsynaptic alpha 2 receptors reflected in the growth hormone response to clonidine in reserpine-pretreated rats.

The alpha-adrenergic mechanisms exert a stimulatory influence on the secretion of growth hormone (GH) in the rat. In the present study the alpha receptors involved in GH regulation were characterized with respect to subtype. It was also investigated whether the GH response to alpha receptor agonists can be utilized to assess change in the responsiveness of central alpha receptors. The experiments were performed on rats with implanted intra-aortic cannulae allowing frequent blood sampling from freely moving animals. Plasma GH was determined by radioimmunoassay. Reserpine (10 mg/kg) caused a suppression of the normal pulsatile secretory pattern of GH. The alpha receptor agonist clonidine (CLON) given to reserpine-pretreated animals induced a dose-dependent increase in plasma GH. The effect of CLON (0.2 mg/kg) was prevented by pretreatment with the alpha 2 receptor antagonist yohimbine (3 mg/kg), but not by the alpha 1 receptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg). Chronic pretreatment with CLON or imipramine, either of which can be expected to produce a reduced sensitivity of central alpha 2 receptors, resulted in reduced GH responses to CLON. On the other hand, chronic treatment with yohimbine, which should cause denervation supersensitivity of alpha 2 receptors, led to enhanced GH responses to CLON. The results indicate that GH release in the rat is stimulated by postsynaptic alpha 2 receptors. They also suggest that the GH response to CLON can be used as a valid in vivo model reflecting decreased, as well as increased responsiveness of this type of receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of locally applied dopamine to the nucleus accumbens on the motor activity of normal rats and following alpha-methyltyrosine or reserpine.

The motor activity of rats was investigated following bilateral application of various doses (0--80 micrograms) of dopamine to the nucleus accumbens. A high dose (80 micrograms) of dopamine increased the motor activity of normal as well as alpha-methyltyrosine- and reserpine-treated rats. It also increased the late motor activity (6--9 min) of normal rats, probably due to stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. Lower doses (10--40 micrograms) of dopamine suppressed initial (0--3 min) motor activity of normal rats, perhaps due to stimulation of dopamine autoreceptors on the dopamine nerve terminals in the nucleus accumbens with a subsequent inhibition of dopamine neurotransmission. An intermediate dose (40 micrograms) of dopamine was able to restore the motor activity of alpha-methyltyrosine-treated but not of reserpine-treated rats at all time intervals. This difference, indicating a restoration of the normal pattern of habituation by dopamine only in animals pretreated with alpha-methyltyrosine, suggests that normal behaviour is dependent on release of dopamine by nerve impulses.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of pretreatment with reserpine on the diastolic potential of guinea-pig atrial cells.

It has previously been suggested that the reserpine-induced nonspecific increase in sensitivity of the guinea-pig heart to the chronotropic effect od drugs occurs as a result of an alteration in the electrophysiological properties of the cell membrane. The results obtained in the present study provide support for this suggestion. The diastolic potential of atrial cells of perfused hearts obtained from guinea pigs treated with rerpine (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days was significantly less than control. This treatment schedule of reserpine results in a significant increase in the sensitivity of perfoused hearts to the chronotropic effects of drugs...

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

The anti-nociceptive effect of reserpine and haloperidol mediated by the nigro-striatal system: antagonism by naloxone.

Reserpine (10 mg/kg) and haloperidol (2 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally increased the reaction time of the tail-flick response in intact but not in pre-nigrally decerebrate or spinal rats. The antinociceptive effect of both drugs was antagonized by intraperitoneal injections of dopa (100 mg/kg), apomorphine (2 mg/kg) or naloxone (1 mg/kg) as well as by bilateral micro-injections into the caudate nuclei of apomorphine (100 microgram and 20 microgram) and naloxone (10 microgram). It is concluded that the nigrostriatal feedback system is involved in the anti-nociceptive effect of reserpine and haloperidol.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1977

Reserpine and breast cancer in women in germany.

Exposure to reserpine was compared in 181 women interviewed prior to biopsy and found to have breast cancer and 307 women found to have a benign disorder of the breast. The age-adjusted relative risk of breast cancer in those who had taken reserpine was 0.6 (95% confidence limits: 0.4 and 1.1). When the 181 breast cancer patients were compared with a second control group of 101 women with a benign condition requiring surgery, the relative risk was 0.9 (95% confidence limits: 0.4 and 1.7). Neither long-term exposure nor its timing, gave any evidence of an association with breast cancer. The findings in this study do not support the hypothesis that rauwolfia derivatives initiate or promote breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Monoamines and their catabolites in the rabbit carotid body. Effects of reserpine, sympathectomy and carotid sinus nerve section.

Monoamines and their metabolites have been measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, in control rabbit carotid bodies and under several experimental conditions: 1) at different times (3 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h) after intravenous injection of reserpine (5 mg/kg); 2) 14 days after sympathectomy; 3) 14 days after section of the carotid sinus nerve. The results were analyzed with probability plotting methods. Dopamine was the most important monoamine in the carotid body (CB) and its variations were very large. It was almost entirely depleted by reserpinization without simultaneous increase in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Sympathectomy increased dopamine content but did not change noradrenaline content. However data analysis suggested that noradrenaline might be compartmented in two pools: one with a large variance, located in the type I cells was increased after sympathectomy, the other, more constant, located in the sympathetic nerve endings was entirely depleted after sympathectomy. Section of the carotid sinus nerve increased dopamine and noradrenaline and quadrupled the serotonin content of the CB. It is proposed that carotid sinus and sympathetic innervations regulate the monoamine metabolism of the CB.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1995

Serotonin, reserpine, and motility in Mesocestoides tetrathyridia. An experimental spectrofluorometry and immunocytochemistry study.

The relationship between serotonin (5-HT) and motility in tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti) was studied with the aid of reserpine. Reserpine decreases the content of 5-HT as measured spectrofluorometrically and immunocytochemically and, furthermore, inhibits the motility, thus indicating a connection between the two. The results support the hypothesis about 5-HT being an excitatory neurotransmitter of motor activity in M. vogue. New neuroanatomical details were revealed by immunocytochemical staining.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Increase of ornithine decarboxylase activity elicited by reserpine in the peripheral and central monoaminergic systems of the rat.

Ornithine decarboxylase activity was increased about tenfold in adrenal glands and in brain regions preponderantly containing aminergic neurons, by a single dose of 16 mumol/kg of reserpine. Maximal enzyme activity in the adrenal glands was observed at about 8 hr after reserpine administration. The ornithine decarboxylase activity-time curves in the brain regions showed a concomitant polyphasic course, with the highest maximum at 12 hr postinjection. Ornithine decarboxylase induction is discussed as an early event in the cascade of molecular events preceding the induction of cell typic enzymes.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

Distribution of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor messenger RNA in the rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry: effects of chronic reserpine treatment.

We studied the distribution of the rat brain beta-2 adrenergic receptor (AR) mRNA, and the effects of monoamine depletions by chronic reserpine treatment using in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the control group, high level signals of beta-2 AR mRNA were observed in the parietal, frontal and piriform cortices, the medial septal nuclei, the olfactory tubercle, and the midbrain. Moderate signals were found in the striatum, the retrosplenial cortex, the hippocampus, and the thalamic nuclei. After chronic reserpine treatment, beta-2 AR mRNA levels were increased in many brain regions. The large increases were seen in the hippocampus, all thalamic nuclei, the amygdaloid nuclei, and the midbrain, followed by the striatum and the occipital cortex. The receptor up-regulation resulting from chronic monoamine depletion may be due to these increases in beta-2 AR mRNA, indicating that this up-regulation may be caused by increased receptor production rather than decreased receptor degradation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of reserpine on dopamine metabolite in the nucleus accumbens and locomotor activity in freely moving rats.

The effect of reserpine (2 mg/kg i.p.) on both locomotor activity and the turnover of dopamine metabolite in the rat nucleus accumbens was estimated by using an activity monitor (Animex) and by in vivo brain microdialysis. Three to five hours after reserpine administration locomotor activity was reduced and there was a concomitant increase in the level of the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic These findings suggest that depletion of dopamine from the nucleus accumbens may result in decreased locomotor activity. The data support the notion that dopamine in this tissue contributes to the control of locomotion.

Animals↗