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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Patient satisfaction with laser hair removal.

BACKGROUND: Laser hair removal (LHR) is a widely used treatment for unwanted hair. AIM: To determine patient satisfaction with LHR. METHODS: The clinic offered LHR by long pulse ruby, alexandrite and Nd:YAG. Patients attending the LHR clinic completed a patient satisfaction questionnaire. Satisfaction with LHR treatment was recorded on a linear analogue scale (LAS 0 = laser very much worse than alternative method; 10 = laser very much better than the alternative method). RESULTS: In terms of hair removal, 71% of patients were satisfied with their treatment. Laser treatment compared favourably with electrolysis and waxing. LHR scored 8.6 when compared with electrolysis and 7.7 when compared with waxing. During LHR treatments, 61% of patients used fewer ancillary methods than before. Most patients would recommend LHR to other persons with unwanted hair. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients were satisfied with LHR.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Treatment of portwine marks by an argon laser.

Although the treatment of the ordinarily incurable portwine birthmark by lasers has been practiced for more than 10 years, recent therapeutic investigations have been carried out particularly with the argon laser. Argon lasers now available for medical purposes produce treatment spots that are small. For certain practical reasons, at present, only relatively small portwine marks can be treated effectively. With trained personnel and proper safety measures, the treatment is safe for the patient and the operator. The treatment as yet is not proved to be better with the argon laser because the ruby laser and even an incoherent infrared thermal coagulator can produce similar and often larger cleared areas. It is recommended for the present that treatment of portwine marks by argon lasers be restricted to investigation in medical centers where critical evaluations, control studies, and more powerful laser systems can be developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lasers in dermatology--1985.

Since the introduction of medical lasers in 1960, the skin has been a major site for applied laser research and therapy. Argon and carbon dioxide lasers have been the most widely used in clinical practice, and many diseases that were impossible or difficult to manage are now being effectively treated with these. Exciting developments today involve other systems, including tunable dye, ruby, neodymium-YAG, and low-energy lasers. Photodynamic therapy for cancer may provide a selective method of destroying clinically inapparent malignant cells. Lasers now seem to have become an integral part of the dermatologic surgeon's armamentarium.

Argon↗
PubMed1992

Laser surgery of the nail unit.

The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in the use of lasers for the treatment of dermatologic disorders. A variety of laser systems has been found to be useful in the treatment of numerous conditions found in the nail unit. The vascular lesions of the nail unit have been treated with the pulsed dye, tunable dye, copper vapor, argon, and carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers. Pigmented lesions noted in the nail unit have been effectively treated with the Q-switched ruby, copper vapor, argon, and pulsed dye lasers. The CO2 laser has been widely used for the treatment of benign and premalignant neoplasms of the nail unit as well as inflammatory processes. Investigational lasers, such as the gold vapor and excimer lasers, may provide clinical benefits for diseases of the nail unit in the near future. The potential advantages of laser surgery of the nail unit include the selective destruction of vascular and pigmented tissue as well as precise tissue destruction.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Allergic reactions to tattoo pigment after laser treatment.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous allergic reactions to pigments found in tattoos are not infrequent. Cinnabar (mercuric sulfide) is the most common cause of allergic reactions in tattoos and is probably related to a cell-mediated (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of these case presentations is to describe a previously unreported complication of tattoo removal with two Q-switched lasers. RESULTS: Two patients without prior histories of skin disease experienced localized as well as widespread allergic reactions after treatment of their tattoos with two Q-switched lasers. CONCLUSION: The Q-switched ruby and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers target intracellular tattoo pigment, causing rapid thermal expansion that fragments pigment-containing cells and causes the pigment to become extracellular. This extracellular pigment is then recognized by the immune system as foreign.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Repeated treatment protocols for melasma and acquired dermal melanocytosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Melasma and acquired dermal melanocytosis (ADM; acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules) are both seen most commonly symmetrically on the face of women with darker skin and are also known as difficult conditions to treat. METHODS: Our topical bleaching protocol with 0.1 to 0.4% tretinoin gel and 5% hydroquinone was performed repeatedly (1-3 times) for melasma (n=163), and a combination treatment with topical bleaching and Q-switched ruby (QSR) laser was performed repeatedly (1-3 times) for ADM (n=62). RESULTS: There is a significant correlation between clinical results (clearance of pigmentation) and the number of sessions in both melasma (p=.019) and ADM (p<.0001). CONCLUSION: The repeated treatment protocol for melasma and ADM showed successful clinical results compared with conventional ones, and they may be applied to other pigment conditions. It may be better that epidermal and dermal pigmentations are treated separately, especially in dark-skinned people who are more likely to suffer postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after inflammation-inducing therapies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser hair removal.

Since 1996, there have been numerous advances in hair laser removal that utilize melanin as a chromophore. All of the devices on the market may be used in patients with light skin (phototypes I-III) and yield hair reduction near 75%. The ruby (694 nm) laser, alexandrite (755 nm) laser, and diode (810 nm) laser, as well as intense pulsed light are commonly used devices for hair laser removal. The long-pulsed Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser represents the safest device for hair removal in dark-skinned patients because of its long wavelength, although the diode laser, alexandrite laser, and intense pulse light may be used. For treatment of light hair, combination radiofrequency and optical devices as well as photodynamic therapy are under investigation.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1993

Phylogenetic analysis of the family Rhizobiaceae and related bacteria by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene using PCR and DNA sequencer.

The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 19 strains covering 97% of the molecules were determined for the members of the family Rhizobiaceae and related bacteria by PCR and DNA sequencer. The three biovars of Agrobacterium were located separately, whereas Agrobacterium rubi clustered with A. tumefaciens. Phylogenetic locations for the species of the genera Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Agrobacterium, Phylobacterium, Mycoplana (M. dimorpha), Ochrobactrum, Brucella and Rochalimaea (a rickettsia) were intermingled with each other with the similarity values higher than 92%. The family Rhizobiaceae should be redefined including the above-mentioned genera despite the ability for plant association and nitrogen fixation. Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Mycoplana bullata were far remote from the other species and should be excluded from this family.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Normal lytic granule secretion by cytotoxic T lymphocytes deficient in BLOC-1, -2 and -3 and myosins Va, VIIa and XV.

Melanocytes and cells of the immune system share an unusual secretory mechanism which uses the lysosome as a regulated secretory organelle. Recently, a number of the proteins required for these 'secretory lysosomes' to undergo exocytosis have been identified. These include Rab27a, Lyst, Rab geranyl geranyl transferase and the adapter protein complex AP-3. Patients lacking any of these proteins are characterized by the rare combination of albinism and immunodeficiency, revealing roles for these proteins in both melanocyte and immune cell secretion. In order to ask how far the link between albinism and immunodeficiency extends we have examined cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) secretion from two BLOC-3-deficient patients and seven different mouse models of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, all of which display defects in pigmentation and platelet function. We find that CTL function is normal in HPS patients and pale-ear mice deficient in BLOC-3, pallid, muted and sandy mice deficient in BLOC-1, ruby-eye mice deficient in BLOC-2 and buff mice deficient in Vps33a. Similarly, the unconventional myosins, Va, VIIa and XV, which can act as effectors for Rab27a in some cell types, are not required in CTL. These results reveal differences in the protein machinery required for biogenesis and/or secretion of lysosome-related organelles in CTL and melanocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The melanosome: threshold temperature for explosive vaporization and internal absorption coefficient during pulsed laser irradiation.

The explosive vaporization of melanosomes in situ in skin during pulsed laser irradiation (pulse duration less than 1 microsecond) is observed as a visible whitening of the superficial epidermal layer due to stratum corneum disruption. In this study, the ruby laser (694 nm) was used to determine the threshold radiant exposure, H0 (J/cm2), required to elicit whitening for in vitro black (Negroid) human skin samples which were pre-equilibrated at an initial temperature, Ti, of 0, 20, or 50 degrees C. A plot of H0 vs Ti yields a straight line whose x-intercept indicates the threshold temperature of explosive vaporization to be 112 +/- 7 degrees C (SD, N = 3). The slope, delta H0/delta Ti, specifies the internal absorption coefficient, mua, within the melanosome: mua = -rho C/(slope(1 + 7.1 Rd)), where rho C is the product of density and specific heat, and Rd is the total diffuse reflectance from the skin. A summary of the absorption spectrum (mua) for the melanosome interior (351-1064 nm) is presented based on H0 data from this study and the literature. The in vivo absorption spectrum (380-820 nm) for human epidermal melanin was measured by an optical fiber spectrophotometer and is compared with the melanosome spectrum.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

A genotype-independent and highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated soybean genetic transformation system.

A stable and efficient transformation system is crucial for functional genomics and trait improvement in soybean. This study developed a tissue culture based genetic transformation system incorporating dual selection (Spectinomycin and RUBY). This system significantly enhances transformation efficiency, shortens the transformation cycle, and demonstrates broad genotype independence, providing a powerful tool for soybean research and breeding.

Glycine max↗
PubMed2025

An elegant co-transformation strategy for recalcitrant wheat using morphogenic regulators.

Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a vital global crop, but many elite cultivars remain recalcitrant to genetic transformation, hindering functional genomics and crop improvement. Here, we developed an efficient co-transformation strategy for recalcitrant wheat varieties (e.g., Aikang58 and Xinong979) using the morphogenic gene mTaGRF4-TaGIF1. This approach entails mixing Agrobacterium tumefaciens cultures carrying two separate vectors: a standard gene-of-interest (GOI) vector (containing a selectable marker) and a gene-of-co-transformation vector (GOC, expressing mTaGRF4-TaGIF1 without a selectable marker). Co-transformation enhanced regeneration efficiency to ~37.38% in AK58, a marked improvement over conventional methods, enabling consistent recovery of transgenic plants. Among regenerants, ~63.25% carried both GOI and GOC (GOI&GOC), while ~11.92% contained only the GOI. Only-GOI plants could also be obtained through progeny segregation from GOI&GOC lines. We successfully generated GUS- and RUBY-expressing transgenic lines, as well as CRISPR-Cas9-edited mutants targeting Q and Ph1 genes, confirming the method's efficacy for both gain-of-function and genome editing application. Furthermore, the strategy was successfully extended to another recalcitrant variety Xinong979, demonstrating its potential for broad applicability. Unlike existing methods dependent on complex excision systems or tissue-specific promoters, our co-transformation methodology significantly simplifies both vector design and procedural workflow while maintaining high efficiency. Collectively, these findings establish a technically advanced yet operationally simplified transformation platform that addresses the long-standing challenge of genetic transformation in recalcitrant wheat varieties, providing researchers with a powerful tool for functional genomics studies and accelerating precision breeding programs in elite wheat cultivars.

Triticum↗
PubMed1984

Relaxation of rabbit psoas muscle fibres from rigor by photochemical generation of adenosine-5'-triphosphate.

Correlations have been made between the mechanical and biochemical descriptions of muscle relaxation. Skinned muscle fibres in the rigor state were incubated in a solution containing P3-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine-5'-triphosphate, 'caged ATP', an inert photolabile precursor of ATP, and free Ca2+ concentration less than 10(-8) M. The mechanical response of the fibre was monitored during relaxation initiated by liberating ATP with a pulse of 347 nm light from a frequency-doubled ruby laser. Tension first dropped and then rose briefly, before finally declining to the relaxed level. Stiffness, in phase with a sinusoidal length change, declined monotonically after the laser pulse. Out-of-phase stiffness increased briefly after a delay, then returned to the base line during the final relaxation. The development of the out-of-phase stiffness signal was taken as evidence that during the relaxation some cross-bridges were present with properties similar to those in an active contraction. The tension rise and slower phase of relaxation can be explained by a mechanism in which some of the cross-bridges reattach, generate force and finally detach in the absence of Ca2+ ions. In this model cross-bridge attachment is facilitated by protein co-operativity within the myofilaments. Detailed analysis of the mechanical transients makes other possible models for the initial tension rise unlikely. Stretching or releasing fibres prior to photolysis changed the time course of the early parts of the tension transient without significant effect on the later phases or on stiffness. The tension records from stretch, release and isometric trials converged to a final common time course of relaxation. Analysis of the convergence of tension records provided a means for measuring the cross-bridge detachment rate from the thin filament as a function of ATP concentration. The apparent second-order rate constant for detachment was at least 5 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 at 20-22 degrees C. The final relaxation rate was less dependent on ATP concentration than the early convergence. The results indicate that ATP binding and cross-bridge detachment from the nucleotide-free intermediate of the cross-bridge cycle are rapid compared to the cross-bridge cycling rate.

Actins↗
PubMed1984

Initiation of active contraction by photogeneration of adenosine-5'-triphosphate in rabbit psoas muscle fibres.

Mechanical and biochemical descriptions of the muscle cross-bridge cycle have been correlated. Skinned muscle fibres of rabbit psoas muscle in rigor were incubated in solutions containing approximately equal to 30 microM-Ca2+ ions and P3-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine-5'-triphosphate, 'caged ATP', an inert photolabile precursor of ATP. ATP was liberated from caged ATP within the fibres by pulses of 347 nm radiation from a frequency-doubled ruby laser. The mechanical responses of muscle fibres to the rapid increase of ATP concentration were monitored. Tension dropped briefly and then rose above the rigor value to the level characteristic of a steady active contraction. Liberation of ATP decreased in-phase stiffness (measured at 500 Hz) from the rigor level to a maintained value intermediate between rigor and relaxed values. Out-of-phase stiffness increased to a maintained level indicating a phase lead of tension with respect to imposed length oscillations. Rigor tension was varied prior to photolysis by slight alterations of fibre length. Tension traces starting at different rigor tensions converged to a common tension level at the same rate, whether or not Ca2+ was included in the medium. These data suggest that the rate of cross-bridge detachment by ATP from the rigor state is not influenced by Ca2+. Analysis of the tension records, in terms of sequential detachment and reattachment reactions, provided a measure of cross-bridge reattachment rate and an alternate measure of the detachment rate. Detachment from the rigor state was approximately proportional to the ATP concentration, with a second-order rate constant of at least 5 X 10(5) M-1 S-1. Reattachment with force generation had no detectable dependence on the concentration of ATP liberated by photolysis. A simple kinetic model of the cross-bridge cycle in terms of chemically defined intermediates was compatible with most of the experimental data. The ATP dependence of cross-bridge detachment, the kinetics of maintained cross-bridge reattachment in the presence of Ca2+, and transient reattachment and final relaxation in the absence of Ca2+ were explained. In this model, reversibility of cross-bridge attachment and the steps leading to force production allow the relatively high observed detachment rate to be accommodated with other data relating to active contraction. These data include the steady ATPase rate of active muscle fibres and the fewer attached cross-bridges in active contractions compared to rigor.

Actins↗
PubMed2006

A novel site of synaptic relay for climbing fibre pathways relaying signals from the motor cortex to the cerebellar cortical C1 zone.

The climbing fibre projection from the motor cortex to the cerebellar cortical C1 zone in the posterior lobe of the rat cerebellum was investigated using a combination of physiological, anatomical and neuropharmacological techniques. Electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral fore- or hindimbs or somatotopically corresponding parts of the contralateral motor cortex evoked climbing fibre field potentials at the same cerebellar recording sites. Forelimb-related responses were located in the C1 zone in the paramedian lobule or lobulus simplex and hindlimb-related responses were located in the C1 zone in the copula pyramidis. Microinjections of anterograde axonal tracer (Fluoro-Ruby or Fluoro-Emerald) were made into the fore- or hindlimb parts of the motor cortex where stimulation evoked the largest cerebellar responses. After a survival period of 7-10 days, the neuraxis was examined for anterograde labelling. No terminal labelling was ever found in the inferior olive, but labelled terminals were consistently found in a well-localized site in the dorso-medial medulla, ventral to the gracile nucleus, termed the matrix region. Pharmacological inactivation of the matrix region (2 mm caudal to the obex) selectively reduced transmission in descending (cerebro-olivocerebellar) but not ascending (spino-olivocerebellar) paths targeting fore- or hindlimb-receiving parts of the C1 zone. Transmission in spino-olivocerebellar paths was either unaffected, or in some cases increased. The identification of a novel pre-olivary relay in cerebro-olivocerebellar paths originating from fore- and hindlimb motor cortex has implications for the regulation of transmission in climbing fibre pathways during voluntary movements and motor learning.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2006

Proteomic analysis of rat liver phosphoproteins after treatment with protein kinase inhibitor H89 (N-(2-[p-bromocinnamylamino-]ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide).

Therapeutic strategies focused on kinase inhibition rely heavily on surrogate measures of kinase inhibition obtained from in vitro assay systems. There is a need to develop methodology that will facilitate measurement of kinase inhibitor activity or specificity in tissue samples from whole animals treated with these compounds. Many of the current methods are limited by the use of antibodies, many of which do not cross-react between several species. The proteomics approach described herein has the potential to reveal novel tissue substrates, potential new pathway interconnections, and inhibitor specificity by monitoring differences in protein phosphorylation. We used the protein kinase inhibitor H89 (N-(2-[p-bromocinnamylamino]-ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide) as a tool to determine whether differential profiling of tissue phosphoproteins can be used to detect treatment-related effects of a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor in vivo. With a combination of phosphoprotein column enrichment, high-throughput two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, differential gel staining with Pro-Q Diamond/SYPRO Ruby, statistical analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, we were able to show clear differences between the phosphoprotein profiles of rat liver protein extract from control and treated animals. Moreover, several proteins that show a potential change in phosphorylation were previously identified as PKA substrates or have putative PKA phosphorylation sites. The data presented support the use of differential proteomic methods to measure effects of kinase inhibitor treatment on protein phosphorylation in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

OPTICAL SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION IN CRYSTALLINE AMINO ACIDS.

Optically active amino acids contain many highly efficient optical second-harmonic generators. When light from a ruby laser at 6943 A falls on the crystalline amino acids with sufficient intensity, the second harmonic of the light at 3471 A can be observed. Although the symmetry requirements for optical second-harmonic generation are always met by isomerically pure optically active substances, there is considerable variation in efficiency for the generation of the second harmonic, ranging from almost zero to greater than that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the most efficient known.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1967

Microincision of sickled erythrocytes by a laser beam.

Increased mechanical fragility of the sickled red cell is thought to be important in the genesis of the hemolytic process in sickle-cell disease. Sickled cells were observed cinematographically after microincision by a ruby-laser beam. Distortion and charring invariably occurred at the site of injury, and with small injuries there was no further cell change. With larger injuries, variably rapid retraction of spicules occurred accompanied by sphering of the cell. In some cases, progressive loss of hemoglobin accompanied and followed the changes in shape; in others the sphered cell still contained hemoglobin. Regardless of the mecha nisms involved in these changes in vitro, the observations may be applicable to destruction of sickled cells in vivo. We suggest that the cells are subject to avulsion of rigid cellular processes as a result of mechanical injury incurred in normal circulation. Such injured cells may undergo either immediate hemolysis or trans formation into spherocytes which are subject to erythophagocytosis.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗