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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Detection of seminal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in vaginal secretions after sexual intercourse: possible means of preventing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission in a rape victim.

Detection of semen anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies within the cervicovaginal secretions from a non-HIV-infected woman who has had a recent sexual intercourse with an HIV-infected man is theoretically possible since the seminal fluid from all HIV-infected men contains a high titer of IgG antibodies to HIV. We report the case of an HIV-seronegative African woman whose cervico-vaginal secretions contained IgG antibodies to HIV, including antibodies to HIV-env-encoded glycoproteins. This woman had also detectable prostatic specific antigens and acid phosphatase in her cervico-vaginal secretions, establishing the persistence of semen. In order to confirm whether anti-HIV antibodies in seminal fluid could be detected in vitro when mixed with cervico-vaginal secretions, 10(-1) to 10(-6) 10-fold dilutions of seminal fluid from HIV-1-seropositive donors were realized with a pool of HIV-negative cervico-vaginal secretions as diluent. Six commercial enzyme immunoassays or rapid tests were compared for semen anti-HIV detection in the secretions. At a 10(-1) dilution of the mixture, all assays were markedly positive for all tested semens and the greatest dilutions of seminal fluid showing positivity ranged from 10(-3) to 10(-5). The IgG immunocapture assay appeared to be the most sensitive test. The rapid tests permitted the detection of semen IgG antibodies to HIV at dilutions ranging from 10(-1) to 10(-3) suggesting their potential value in emergency situations.

Coitus↗
PubMed1985

The impact of rape: social support as a moderator of stress.

This study investigated 25 victims' reactions to sexual assault and the role of social support in their subsequent adjustment. Victims were interviewed 3 months after the assault to gather information about the assault, the type of support they received, and the effects of the assault as measured by two scales of psychological stress: Impact of Events scale and SCL-90-R. Our major findings were that (a) victim's scale scores were significantly elevated, reflecting the considerable distress they were still experiencing; (b) there were significant differences in the availability of support from specific categories of people (e.g., police received significantly high ratings, whereas physicians' ratings were significantly low); (c) the amount of perceived support varied with the stressfulness of the assault; (d) however, contrary to initial hypotheses, the amount of overall support did not predict subsequent adjustment; (e) support from physicians did correlate significantly with both scales of psychological adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Victim resistance to rape: the relationship of previous victimization, demographics, and situational factors.

The relationship between degree of resistance to sexual assault and a victim's demographic characteristics, her previous experience with violence, and situational characteristics of the assault were investigated. Victim responses during the assault were characterized as no resistance, verbal resistance, or physical resistance. Demographic characteristics and prior experience with violence did not discriminate degree of resistance. However, victim resistance was significantly predicted by six of the assault characteristics. Victims showed greater resistance if the assailant was a friend or relative, if the assailant made verbal threats, and if he physically restrained or injured her. Greater resistance was also associated with less sexual abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Level of postassault sexual functioning in rape and incest victims.

In a systematic study, 372 sexual assault survivors and 99 women with no history of sexual assault were interviewed with regard to their sexual histories to determine the incidence and types of sexual dysfunctions in these two samples. The women also completed the Sexual Arousability Inventory. Of the sexual assault survivors, 58.6% of the women were experiencing sexual dysfunctions, with 71% of them reporting that their sexual assaults were related to their development of sexual problems. In contrast, only 17.2% of the nonassaulted women reported experiencing any sexual problems. Differences in the types of sexual problems experienced by the two samples are noted, as are treatment implications. The sensitivity of the Sexual Arousability Inventory to assault-related sexual dysfunctions was affected by the educational level of the sexual assault survivors.

Adolescent↗