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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The internal orbital facial breadth and middle facial breadth in Mongoloid crania from Peru and east Asia, with special reference to their significance as a racial criterion.

The internal orbital facial breadth (BIFMO), middle facial breadth (BIZM) and their dimensional relationship in 789 crania from 3 Peruvian and 7 East Asian series were examined to determine a Mongoloid criterion. The results confirmed that BIZM was invariably greater than BIFMO in the Peruvian and East Asian series, and clearly different from the quoted European and African populations (Ducros, 1965). Further discussion, which referred to world population data by Woo and Morant (1934), showed that the relationship between BIZM and BIFMO was useful as a simple racial criterion to distinguish the Mongoloid series, except in special cases such as the Oceanians.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Human metapneumovirus, Peru.

We retrospectively studied 420 pharyngeal swab specimens collected from Peruvian and Argentinean patients with influenzalike illness in 2002 and 2003 for evidence of human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Twelve specimens (2.3%) were positive by multiple assays. Six specimens yielded HMPV isolates. Four of the 6 isolates were of the uncommon B1 genotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Inequalities at the source of infant mortality in Peru].

The principal aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between social disparities and infant mortality. This research is based on the secondary analysis of the official data concerning socioeconomic and mortality rates for the end of the 1960's and for the mid of 1990's. The infant mortality rate is twice higher amongst the Andean population, particularly true for those living in the South of the Andes, than the average population. In contrast, the babies born in Lima metropolitan area benefit a probability of survival in their first year of life twice higher than the typical Peruvian new born. These inequalities are the result of social exclusion that restrict participation in economic, cultural and political institutions to different social groups in Peruvian society. Illiteracy and distribution of income play a decisive role in the increase of infant mortality rates.

Education↗
PubMed1988

The use of nonradioactive DNA probes for the characterization of Leishmania isolates from Peru.

We describe conditions for dot blot DNA hybridization studies using biotinylated kDNA probes from Leishmania. The sensitivity and specificity attained with biotinylated or 32P-labeled probes were equivalent. The lower level of detection obtained was 100 parasites that were blotted on nitrocellulose paper and then treated with Proteinase K. Studies were performed with 112 Leishmania isolates from Andean (uta) and sylvatic mucocutaneous (espundia) patients and all were determined to belong to the Leishmania braziliensis complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence and comparison of serologic assays, necropsy, and tongue examination for the diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis in Peru.

Swine cysticercosis, a severe zoonotic disease which is part of the Taenia solium life cycle, causes major economic losses in pig husbandry. Throughout South America, farmers diagnose cysticercosis by examining the tongues of their pigs for cysticercus nodules. Farmers do not bring pigs believed to be infected to the slaughterhouse for fear of confiscation. Therefore, reliable statistics on porcine cysticercosis can only be acquired at the household level. We examined the utility of the tongue test as a diagnostic tool for porcine cysticercosis. The results of the tongue test was compared with 2 serologic methods for the detection of cysticercosis, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (EITB), and with necropsy results. We examined 11 animals from an endemic area (Huancayo) and 42 animals from an area free of cysticercosis (Lima). The tongue test has a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 100%, the EITB a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, and the ELISA a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 75%. Thus, the tongue examination, being a test essentially without cost and having fair sensitivity and high specificity, can be useful in epidemiological surveys. Prevalence for porcine cysticercosis in Huancayo is 23.4% by tongue examination, 31.2% by necropsy, 37.7% by ELISA, and 51.9% by EITB.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Factors associated with Taenia solium cysticercosis: analysis of nine hundred forty-six Peruvian neurologic patients. Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru (CWG).

In most developing countries, 10% of acute neurologic cases are patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC). Determining specific factors associated with contracting NCC will facilitate its diagnosis and prevention. We examined multiple socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, medical, and behavioral characteristics of 946 Peruvian neurologic patients for a correlation with NCC, which was diagnosed by the highly specific and sensitive electroimmunotransfer blot (EITB) or immunoblot assay. Eighteen percent (172 of 932) of serum samples and 28% (101 of 362) of cerebrospinal fluid samples were EITB-positive. The proportion of EITB-positive persons was similar for all socioeconomic levels. Significant factors associated with NCC were: 1) being born outside Lima, 2) having raised pigs, 3) more than 20 years of age, 4) a history of seizures, and 5) a history of taeniasis. Of these factors, raising pigs is the only one that is amenable to intervention, via improvements in animal husbandry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Short report: detection of Leishmaniavirus in human biopsy samples of leishmaniasis from Peru.

Leishmaniavirus is a double-stranded RNA virus that persistently infects some strains of the protozoan parasite Leishmania. There is considerable interest in the possibility that the presence of this virus alters parasite phenotype and may affect disease pathogenesis. If so, the virus marker could provide a valuable prognostic indicator for human leishmaniasis, particularly in those cases caused by New World parasite strains. The virus has been detected in cultured L. braziliensis, L. b. guyanensis, and L. major. To date there has been no information as to the extent of infection in samples prior to culturing in the laboratory. This study demonstrates, through the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, that Leishmaniavirus exists in human biopsy samples of leishmaniasis prior to manipulation in culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Dietary risk factors associated with the transmission of Helicobacter pylori in Lima, Peru.

The factors influencing the risk of acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infection are not well established. One hundred four children (0-17 years of age) requiring an endoscopy for the evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms had demographic and dietary data collected and biopsy specimens of the gastric antrum stained for the identification of H. pylori. The 52 (50%) infected subjects were significantly older than the uninfected ones with no difference in gender, crowding, source of drinking water, or exposure to domestic animals. Increased prevalence of infection was associated with increased consumption of food from street vendors, and decreased consumption of fruits in the subgroup that denied consuming food from street vendors. No association was found with consumption of fish, chicken, beef, beans, vegetables, rice, cheese, milk, and unboiled water. These findings support the role of food prepared under unhygienic conditions as a probable mechanism of transmission of H. pylori in developing countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Increased prevalence of cysticercosis and taeniasis among professional fried pork vendors and the general population of a village in the Peruvian highlands. Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru.

Two different populations in Saylla, a Peruvian village near Cusco, known for chicharrones, a local pork dish, were surveyed by serology and stool examination to determine the prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of Taenia solium infection. Group I (n=43), the chicharroneros, were members of families professionally devoted to the making and selling of chicharrones, and Group II (n=102) was a sample of the general population of the same village. Unlike people in Group I, general villagers only occasionally prepare or sell this food product, and then only to their neighbors or relatives. The prevalence of taeniasis was extremely high (8.6%) for the chicharroneros and 3% for the general villagers. Seroprevalence for cysticercosis by immunoblot was similarly high in both groups (23.3% and 23.8%, respectively). Being female, older than 30, and having daily contact with pork were factors strongly associated with a positive serologic result for cysticercosis in the chicharroneros, whereas males were more frequently seropositive in the general villagers group. Antibody reaction to more antigen bands in immunoblots and neurologic symptoms were more common among the chicharroneros. Also, in the general villagers group, seroprevalence increased with each exposure factor, ranging from 9.4% in individuals who did not raise pigs to 50% in the small subgroup that raised pigs, butchered their own animals, sold pork, and sold chicharrones, suggesting that these activities are related to increased risk for tapeworm or larval infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1971

Leprosy in Peru.

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Hospitals, Special↗