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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Periodontal healing after replantation of intentionally rotated teeth with healthy and denuded root surfaces.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate periodontal healing after replantation of intentionally rotated teeth with healthy and denuded root surfaces. Ten teeth with hopeless prognoses because of extensive alveolar bone loss and deep pockets extending to the apexes only on one or two surfaces, but with a healthy periodontal apparatus on the other surfaces, were selected. A mucogingival flap was elevated and the teeth were extracted carefully so as not to damage the healthy remnant of the periodontal membrane remaining on the root surfaces. Thorough extra-oral debridement was performed on the contaminated root surface and the remnant was carefully conserved. Retrofilling was also done to eliminate an endodontic cause of attachment loss. The teeth were horizontally rotated and then replanted so that the healthy root would face the connective tissue at the initially periodontally involved sites, and the root planed surfaces, which had been periodontally involved, would face the surfaces of the alveolar sockets at initially healthy sites. The teeth were splinted with adjacent teeth. Clinical parameters and radiographic examination were performed pre-operatively, and at 3 or 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively. One tooth was extracted 1.5 years postoperatively due to reduced support and the treatment strategy of the patient. The other nine teeth were well maintained without any discomfort for the whole maintenance period of 3 years. In all teeth, areas that previously had no pocketing but were now against denuded root surfaces maintained the previous pocket depth readings. In areas where a deep pocket was present but now had a root surface with healthy periodontium, a distinct decrease of mean pocket depth was observed at the first reexamination 3 months postoperatively. The mean radiographic alveolar bone level increased from 0.3% to 45.3% in 2 years and was thereafter maintained for the entire observation period. Loss of periodontal space and possible root resorption were observed in only one case without other ankylotic symptoms. These results suggest that the healing without ankylosis of an extensive denuded root surface may occur by mechanisms other than the maintenance of a viable periodontal ligament on the root surface.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of the abutments with reduced periodontal support on stress distribution of support tissue]

OBJECTIVE:This study applied finite element analysis (FEA) compared stress distribution characteristics of mandible,bilateral,SJ-1 bolt(extracoronal) distal extension attachment prostheses when the abutments were subject to eight different loss of periodontal support.METHODS:Finite element analysis.RESULTS:It was shown that periodontal support loss results in increased stress of the terminal abutment tooth without sudden changes.CONCLUSION:Compared favorable stress distribution result from splinted compromised abutment,and the first premolar periodontal support loss less than that of the second premolar and this loss below 30%.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

The rationale, evolution and clinical application of the self-ligating bracket.

There is ample evidence in the literature that conventional orthodontic mechanics while intended to move teeth efficiently rarely achieve atraumatic remodeling of periodontal tissues. The vascular supply is often interrupted, which in turn affects the oxidative metabolism. Moreover, teeth splinted in groups do not appear to move as efficiently as single teeth. The novel bracket design and treatment regimen described in this report allow teeth to move individually, yet stay within a group. The self-ligating bracket design allows for rapid leveling because teeth drift along the path of least resistance with little or no friction between the bracket and slot of the wire. The hinge mechanism eliminates much of the friction created by the conventional wire or latex ties used to secure the archwire in the bracket slot. Thus, sliding mechanics is achieved in the true sense of the word. This system is capable of increasing the appointment intervals, and possibly reducing the overall treatment time.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Accidental orthodontic elastic band-induced periodontitis: orthodontic and laser treatment.

The periodontal effects of elastic bands in the subgingiva have been reported since 1870. Case reports illustrate the treatment of elasticband-induced periodontitis in two children with a combination of laser treatment, antibiotics, splinting and orthodontics. Follow-up evaluations show reattachment, maturation of the apical portion of the roots, improved radiographic bone levels and minimal sulcus depth, mobility and recession. Continued orthodontic and periodontic care is planned.

Accidents↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis and management of root fractures and periodontal ligament injury.

Although root fractures are among the less common oral injuries (6 percent), a careful diagnostic evaluation of such injuries is required to arrive at an appropriate treatment plan. The position of the fracture in the root will determine the proper management. The problem of luxation due to trauma often involves the use of dental splints, which, if not properly designed, may cause root resorption, loss of alveolar bone, pulpal necrosis and pulp canal obliteration. The guidelines for the type of splint to use and conditions under which it should be placed are presented.

Dental Pulp↗
PubMed1984

The multistrand retainer and splint.

A method is presented for the accurate application of the modified 3-3 retainer of multistrand wire described by Zachrisson . This lingual retainer or splint is noninvasive of dental tissue and is reversible. Wire breakage does not appear to occur, and the slightly elastic properties of the wire allow a physiologic mobility of the teeth, which is of advantage in the periodontal patient. The only breakage that may occur is of the composite bond, although this appears to be less than with bonded brackets, but repair is quick and simple. The present method is now offered to add simplicity, speed, and accuracy to the important advantages already enjoyed, widening the scope for employment of this type of retainer to as many as eight or ten teeth in a series and, perhaps more significantly, to the maxillary anterior teeth, even where a deep bite exists. The value of the method is also seen when an active orthodontic appliance is removed and retention or splinting is required within an hour or two, as for the patient who is concurrently undergoing periodontal treatment.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1980

Bruxism and trauma from occlusion. An experimental model in Macaca monkeys.

The present study describes an experimental approach for inducing bruxism and trauma from occlusion in animals. Gold occlusal cap splints overlaying the maxillary premolar and molar teeth were inserted in eight Macaca irus monkeys. The cap splints were designed to raise the vertical dimension of occlusion by 3--4 mm and were adjusted to a balanced occlusion with the mandible in an unstrained retruded position. The splint on the right side (test side) was given a tight occlusion with the opposing mandibular teeth, whereas the splint on the left side (reference side) had only small occlusal contact areas. Before insertion of the splints, the monkeys had slight gingivitis but no alveolar bone loss. The cap splints were in situ for 4 weeks. During this period the monkeys showed distinct signs of bruxism. The mandibular teeth on the test side showed increased mobility and there was radiographic evidence of breakdown of marginal and interradicular alveolar bone. Mean GI increased significantly on the test side and in two animals gingival abscesses developed. Deep intrabony pockets persisted adjacent to these teeth. Only slight gingival and radiographic changes were seen adjacent to the teeth on the control side. From the present experimental study there was no overall clinical or histological evidence that bruxism had caused a progression of gingivitis to destructive, chronic marginal periodontitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A computer model of the periodontal ligament space in man.

An engineering model of the periodontal ligament fibres was used to calculate length changes in the fibres with: direct occlusal forces on the tooth, occlusal loads on other teeth in the arch and splinting. The fibre elongations appear to influence tooth eruption, the clinical behaviour of splinted and non-splinted teeth, and the establishment of vertical dimension of occlusion and occlusal plane height. The model also provides insight into the controversy surrounding the intermediate plexus of the ligament.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2004

Healing of 400 intra-alveolar root fractures. 2. Effect of treatment factors such as treatment delay, repositioning, splinting type and period and antibiotics.

This is the second part of a retrospective study of 400 root-fractured permanent incisors. In this article, the effect of various treatment procedures is analyzed. Treatment delay, i.e. treatment later than 24 h after injury, did not change the root fracture healing pattern, healing with hard tissue between fragments (HH1), interposition of bone and/or periodontal ligament (PDL) or pulp necrosis (NEC). When initial displacement did not exceed 1 mm, optimal repositioning appeared to significantly enhance both the likelihood of pulpal healing and hard tissue repair (HH1). Significant differences in healing were found among the different splinting techniques. The lowest frequency of healing was found with cap splints and the highest with fiberglass or Kevlar splints. The latter splinting procedure showed almost the same healing result as non-splinting. Comparison between non-splinting and splinting for non-displaced teeth was found to reveal no benefit from splinting. With respect to root fractures with displacement, too few cases were available for analysis. No beneficial effect of splinting periods greater than 4 weeks could be demonstrated. The administration of antibiotics had the paradoxical effect of promoting both HH1 and NEC. No explanation could be found. It was concluded that, optimal repositioning seems to favor healing. Furthermore, the chosen splinting method appears to be related to healing of root fractures, with a preference to pulp healing and healing fusion of fragments to a certain flexibility of the splint and possibly also non-traumatogenic splint application. Splinting for more than 4 weeks was not found to influence the healing pattern. A certain treatment delay (a few days) appears not to result in inferior healing. The role of antibiotics upon fracture healing is questionable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Rehabilitation of a periodontal patient with rapidly progressing marginal alveolar bone loss: 1-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: The present case report describes a 1-year follow-up of functional rehabilitation of a young periodontal patient with severely advanced, rapidly progressing marginal bone loss treated by using a new splinting material, i.e., glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC). Apart from one single tooth, the young man had retained all his natural teeth. TREATMENT: Periodontal treatment was based on cleaning and root planing enabled by partial-thickness-flap operations. This method was selected to avoid further damage to the remaining alveolar bone. After healing for 6 months, a cavity retained internal FRC splint was constructed and 1 missing lower molar was replaced by an inlay-retained FRC resin-bonded fixed partial denture (FPD). A 12 months follow-up period revealed a healthy periodontium and good functional and esthetic results. CONCLUSIONS: The new material allows the use of periodontal treatment methods instead of prosthetic alternatives, which until now have been a more generally used approach in the treatment of severely advanced periodontal cases. Internal fiber-reinforced composite splinting being affordable for the patient, easy for the clinician to construct and giving good esthetic and functional results, suggests that the method may be a valuable aid in periodontal treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Vertical dimension increases in the adult rhesus monkey: a pilot study.

Tooth impaction, increased muscle activity, and histologic changes in the bone of the temporomandibular joint have been reported following attempts to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of increases in the vertical dimension of occlusion on bone density at five levels of the mandible in the adult rhesus monkey, and to assess dentoalveolar changes by lateral cephalometric radiographs and mounted diagnostic casts. Mandibular cobalt chromium splints measuring 3 mm in height at the first molar, providing even occlusal contact to the maxillary anterior and posterior teeth, were cemented in place on two monkeys. Five similar monkeys without splints were used as controls. Computed tomograms were completed to evaluate bone density bilaterally at five levels of the mandible after 3 months of splint wear. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs and mounted diagnostic casts were completed to assess tooth impaction. Periodontal ligament (PDL) thickening and mobility of molars and premolars were evaluated before splint placement and after splint removal. There was no statistically significant difference in the bone density levels of the animals with splints compared with the controls. Minimal dentoalveolar changes were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Crown-to-root ratio: its significance in restorative dentistry.

The definition of the crown-to-root ratio, its manifestation as a clinical problem, and associated problems were reviewed. Treatment possibilities were discussed in terms of plaque control, periodontal surgery, occlusal adjustment by selective grinding, splinting, restorative considerations, and extraction. The original guidelines for crown-to-root ratio in the selection of abutments were found to be exceptionally conservative and treatment limiting. New treatment modalities were considered in light of increased understanding of periodontal inflammation and its control. With inflammation controlled and with a carefully designed occlusion, some degree of mobility may be tolerated, thereby permitting the retention of teeth with minimal alveolar support.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1983

Animal technicians.

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Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1975

Experimental animal research into segmental alveolar movement after corticotomy.

Experiments with beagle dogs show that groups of teeth can be rearranged by orthodontic appliances, within a few days when bone is weakened by corticotomy. The rapid movement does not damage the vascular supply of the pulp. This is demonstrated by intravascular injections of Plastoid. If the marginal bone is not impinged upon by the ostoetomy saw, only vascular changes in the free gingival mucosa indicate slight reactions of the parodontal membrane.

Alveolar Process↗