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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The anatomy of the pelvis in the exstrophy complex.

We compared computerized tomography scans of the pelvis of twenty-four patients who had exstrophy of the bladder with scans of age-matched controls in order to analyze the pelvic deformity that accompanies the variably severe manifestations of this condition. The patients who had classic exstrophy of the bladder were found to have a mean of 12 degrees of external rotation of the posterior aspect of the pelvis on each side, retroversion of the acetabula, a mean additional 18 degrees of external rotation and 30 per cent shortening of the pubic rami, and progressive diastasis of the symphysis pubis. The foot-progression angle demonstrated 20 to 30 degrees of external rotation beyond the normal limits seen in early childhood, but this improved with age. The patients who had exstrophy of the cloaca and the bladder not only had all of these pelvic deformities to a greater degree but also had asymmetry of measured parameters between the right and left sides of the pelvis, malformation of the sacro-iliac joints, and occasional dislocation of the hip. An understanding of the pelvic anatomy that accompanies exstrophy is essential when corrective approaches are planned. Such an understanding will improve the rate of success of both closure of the bladder and control of urinary continence postoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Original report. Fetal cardiographic monitoring during 1.5-T MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this report was to determine the feasibility of fetal cardiotocography during MR imaging and the safety of 1.5-T MR imaging on the basis of fetal heart activity and fetal movements. CONCLUSION: Fetal cardiotocography is feasible during MR imaging using modified standard equipment. The use of 1.5-T MR imaging appears to be safe and to have no negative short-term effects on the heart rate or movement incidence of healthy third-trimester fetuses under our experimental conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Q angle: effects of isometric quadriceps contraction and body position.

The quadriceps femoral angle (Q angle) has been linked with several knee disorders, but Q-angle measurement procedures have not been standardized. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of isometric quadriceps contraction in the standing and supine positions on the Q angle. The Q angles of the right knees of 30 men and 30 women were measured goniometrically during four test conditions: 1) quadriceps relaxed in standing, 2) quadriceps contracted in standing, 3) quadriceps relaxed in supine, and 4) quadriceps contracted in supine. The pelvic widths were also measured as the distance between the anterior superior iliac spines in standing and supine. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference between genders (p < 0.001) and among the four test conditions (p < 0.001) (N = 60). Separate one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with two grouping factors (contraction and position) showed significant effects of contraction (p < 0.001) for both men and women, but no significant effect of positions. A dependent t-test showed that the pelvic width differed between standing and supine for both men and women (p < 0.001). The results showed that isometric quadriceps contraction affects the Q angle with the subjects standing or supine, even though the pelvic width differed significantly between the two positions. Clinicians and researchers should consider the results of this study in order to standardize procedures for measuring the Q angle.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The accuracy of the Palpation Meter (PALM) for measuring pelvic crest height difference and leg length discrepancy.

STUDY DESIGN: Test-retest reliability and validity. OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity and reliability of the Palpation Meter (PALM). BACKGROUND: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) has been associated with a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, the clinical measurement of LLD has become a routine and important part of the physical examination. The PALM is an instrument that was recently developed to indirectly measure LLD, but little is known about its measurement properties. METHODS AND MEASURES: Fifteen healthy and 15 symptomatic subjects with suspected LLD participated in this study. Measurements of pelvic crest height difference (PD) were obtained by 2 examiners using the PALM. A standing antero-posterior (AP) radiograph of each subject's pelvis was taken, and PD and LLD (femoral head height difference) were determined from the radiograph for comparison with the PALM values. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine the validity and reliability estimates of the PALM. RESULTS: For all subjects, the validity estimates (ICC2,3) of the PALM for PD were excellent (0.90 for rater 1 and 0.92 for rater 2) when compared with the standing AP radiograph of the pelvis. The PALM was less accurate (ICC2,3 of 0.76 and 0.78 for rater 1 and 2, respectively) as an indirect estimate of LLD. Intrarater reliability for each rater was excellent (ICC3,3 = 0.97 and 0.98) and interrater reliability was very good (ICC2,3 = 0.88). CONCLUSION: The PALM is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring PD. Clinicians should consider this convenient, cost-effective clinical tool as an alternative to radiographic measurement of pelvic crest height difference.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of Synovex C implants on growth rate, pelvic area, reproduction, and calving performance of replacement heifers.

Two trials were conducted to evaluate effects of Synovex C implants on replacement heifers, given at two different ages. Crossbred heifer calves (n = 370) were allotted to four treatments: 1) nonimplanted controls, 2) implanted at 2 mo, 3) implanted at 6 mo, and 4) implanted at both 2 and 6 mo of age. Heifers implanted at 2 mo gained 7 kg more (P = .01) by 6 mo than those not implanted at 2 mo. No differences were found in 22-mo weights. All implanted heifers had larger (P = .01) yearling pelvic area than controls. All heifers implanted at 6 mo continued to have larger (P = .01) pelvic area at 22 mo. All implanted heifers had higher (P = .05) occurrence of non-ovulatory estrus. No differences were found among treatments in percentage of heifers puberal before breeding, in estrus first 21 d of breeding, or in first-service conception rate. In only one trial, pregnancy first 21 d and total pregnancy in 63-d breeding season were decreased (P = .05) by implanting at 6 mo. At subsequent calving, an interaction existed between the effects of the 2- and the 6-mo implant for calf birth weight and pelvic area:birth weight ratio. A single implant at either 2 or 6 mo decreased (P = .01) calving difficulty score; and implanting at both 2 and 6 mo showed the greatest reduction in calving difficulty. Implants had no significant long-term effects on reproduction or calf production of 2-yr-old cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Estimates of heritabilities and correlations of traits associated with pelvic area in beef cattle.

Pelvic measurements, cow weights and cow ages were obtained on 703 Angus- and Hereford-sired cows from five Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station herds. Cows were either purebred or crossbred, ranging in age from 1 to 14 yr, and sired by 52 Angus and 63 Hereford bulls. All pelvic measurements were obtained via the rectum by the same technician. Paternal half-sib heritability estimates and genetic (rG) and phenotypic (rP) correlations were computed for pelvic height (PH), pelvic width (PW), pelvic area (PA-I; the product of PH X PW), the ratio of PH to PW and cow weight (CW). Pelvic area was also calculated as an ellipse using the formula PA-II = pi (PH/2)(PW/2). Mean PA-I was 298.5 cm2 while PA-II averaged 234.4 cm2. The pooled heritability estimate for PA-I was .68 +/- .34, indicating that pelvic area is a highly heritable trait and should respond to selection. The estimate for PA-II was similar (.66 +/- .34). The heritability of PW was higher than for PH or PA-I. The heritability of CW was .57 +/- .34 and CW was positively correlated (rG2 = .47 and rP = .40) with PA-I. Direct selection for PA-I was estimated to yield a response of 12.2 cm2 in one generation with a correlated response for CW of 12.5 kg. If change in CW was held at zero using a restricted selection index, about 90% as much increase in PA-I was estimated compared with ignoring CW in the index. Therefore, selection for increased pelvic area can be accomplished without causing large increases in cow size. This should aid in reducing calving difficulty.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of performance characteristics in a diallel among Simmental, Limousin, Polled Hereford and Brahman beef cattle. I. Growth, hip height and pelvic size.

Progeny of a diallel among Simmental, Limousin, Polled Hereford and Brahman breeds of cattle were evaluated over 5 yr for preweaning and postweaning growth, hip height and pelvic size. Calves from Brahman and Simmental dams had the highest preweaning gains and weaning weights, and those from Polled Hereford dams had the lowest (P less than .05). Differences in the availability of milk and postpartum compensatory gains in progeny of Brahman dams could have contributed to these results. However, calves from Simmental, Limousin and Polled Hereford dams had significantly greater feedlot daily gains than those from Brahman dams. Yearling hip height and pelvic area were lower for progeny of Polled Hereford dams, whereas calves from Simmental, Limousin and Brahman dams were not different for these traits. A series of linear comparisons among these four breeds using least-squares means to estimate general and specific combining ability and maternal effects found significant, negative maternal effects for Polled Hereford for preweaning gain and weaning weight. A positive maternal effect (P less than .05) for Limousin was found for feedlot gain. General combining ability and maternal estimates were significant and variable in most comparisons for yearling hip height and pelvic area. Heterosis estimates were positive and significant in all crosses with Brahman for preweaning gain, weaning weight, yearling weight, hip height and pelvic area. Significant, positive heterosis was also found in Polled Hereford crosses with Limousin and Simmental for preweaning gain, weaning weight and yearling weight.

Alleles↗