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PubMed2002

Psychoeducation in panic disorder patients: effect of a self-information booklet in a randomized, masked-rater study.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-information booklet (SIB) in decreasing anxiety and panic attacks in Panic Disorder (PD) patients. Eighty-four patients attending an outpatient clinic due to panic disorder were randomly chosen to receive paroxetine with/without a friendly-designed brochure. Follow-up was done by a masked rater after 1, 3,and 12 weeks in order to evaluate whether the co-administration of paroxetine and the brochure (Group A) had a beneficial effect over the administration of paroxetine alone (Group B). After 3 weeks of therapy, Group A patients had significantly greater improvement and lower scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Panic Self Questionnaire, and the Visual Analog Scale. After 12 weeks, the differential improvement was not statistically significant and both groups had improved as compared to baseline. The administration of a psychoeducational brochure (SIB) to PD patients at the initiation of therapy had beneficial effects during the first weeks of treatment. Although this effect fades away, the role of the SIB is overstressed in its ability to increase well being and compliance, and reduce anxiety and panic attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Training in communication skills for informal carers of people suffering from dementia: a cluster randomized clinical trial comparing a therapist led workshop and a booklet.

The objective of the study was to evaluate whether a short training workshop in communication techniques is more effective than an information booklet for improving communication skills in informal carers of people suffering from dementia. 30 informal carers were allocated to the workshop sessions and 15 to the booklet. Outcome measures included awareness of communication strategies; perceived frequency of communication breakdown at home, and the associated level of distress; general stress; and consumer satisfaction. At six week follow-up, the workshop group demonstrated a significantly greater awareness of communication strategies than the booklet-only group. Both groups reported some reduction in the frequency of communication problems at home, and a reduction in the associated level of distress. The frequency of other problem behaviours remained stable. Satisfaction with the workshop indicated that training was helpful but depended on the stage of illness of the partner.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

An investigation into the value and relevance of oral health promotion leaflets for young adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if oral health promotion leaflets of a novel design and content would be read by, acceptable to and influence 11-12-year-old children. METHOD: Three related leaflets were incorporated into a dental health education programme aimed at 11-12-year-old children. The leaflets were designed specifically, following consultation with focus groups. They had a romantic story line and emphasised the immediate gains from good dental health, relevant to this age group. A random sample of pupils completed a written questionnaire on the impact of the leaflets at the end of the one-year programme. These sample pupils underwent a clinical examination to measure plaque before and after the programme. RESULTS: 2,678 pupils with a mean age of 12.1 years participated in the programme. 895 were randomly selected to join the assessment study. Most pupils 81%, (725) reported they had read the leaflets; 61% (442) finding them enjoyable to read, 51% (370) attractive to look at and 71% (515) finding the story lines interesting. However, girls appreciated the leaflets more than the boys. There was some suggestion that the leaflets played a positive role in the overall success of the programme in that most pupils 83% (602) reported they thought more about caring for their teeth after reading the leaflets and 58% reported their brushing frequency had increased. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that for adolescents, leaflets which feature interpersonal relationships are well accepted and can stimulate better oral health behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Halitosis prevention campaign: a report of oral health promotion activities in Japan.

A local dental association, Hakodate Dental Association, has been conducting an oral health promotion campaign, 'Good-bye Bad Breath', in a local community since April 1998. The purpose of this campaign was not only to prevent oral malodour but also to raise people's awareness about oral health. Oral health education has been provided at schools and through television commercials, radio programmes and newspaper articles. Campaign posters and leaflets on bad breath have also been distributed to drug stores, medical clinics and schools, as well as dental clinics. It has been emphasised that oral malodour is a preventable condition and that the dentist can provide adequate advice and suitable treatment. Medical and pharmaceutical associations have cooperated with the Dental Association in running the campaign. Dental care was provided free of charge to the local residents. The free services provided included the assessment of oral malodour using a portable sulphide detector, instructional programmes, and consultations with dentists. This campaign offered a good opportunity to encourage people to visit the dentist for regular check-ups. The number of regular check-ups and halitosis patients has increased in 70% of the clinics belonging to the Dental Association.

Counseling↗
PubMed2004

Audio-visual relaxation training for anxiety, sleep, and relaxation among Chinese adults with cardiac disease.

The long-term effect of an audio-visual relaxation training (RT) treatment involving deep breathing, exercise, muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and meditation was compared with routine nursing care for reducing anxiety, improving sleep, and promoting relaxation in Chinese adults with cardiac disease. This research was a quasi-experimental, two-group, pretest-posttest study. A convenience sample of 100 cardiology patients (41 treatment, 59 control) admitted to one large medical center hospital in the Republic of China (ROC) was studied for 1 year. The hypothesized relationships were supported. RT significantly (p <.05) improved anxiety, sleep, and relaxation in the treatment group as compared to the control group. It appears audio-visual RT might be a beneficial adjunctive therapy for adult cardiac patients. However, considerable further work using stronger research designs is needed to determine the most appropriate instructional methods and the factors that contribute to long-term consistent practice of RT with Chinese populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Descriptive information about Down syndrome: a content analysis of serum screening leaflets.

It is recommended practice that prior to prenatal screening, women receive information about the condition(s) being tested for. The present study critically evaluated information about Down syndrome as contained in 80 leaflets provided to pregnant women in the UK prior to serum screening. First, a content analysis by information type was conducted to give an overall picture of the material provided. Second, the image of the condition as conveyed by the content was analysed and compared with a similar study of cystic fibrosis (CF) screening leaflets. The majority of information (89%) was of a medico-clinical nature, with 11% addressing other issues associated with Down syndrome. The median number of sentences describing the condition was one, with 33% of the leaflets containing no descriptive information. Overall, a negative image of Down syndrome was conveyed by the leaflets, which contrasted with a more neutral image of CF in the comparison study. In order to facilitate informed choices, more attention should be paid to providing women with information about Down syndrome prior to serum screening. Such information needs to be more balanced in its construction, with thought given to the needs of the reader, and to the tone and the content of the message conveyed.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed2002

Variation in uptake of serum screening: the role of service delivery.

The present study aimed to determine the extent to which variation in the uptake of serum screening for Down syndrome reflects variation in the way the test is offered. A higher uptake of serum screening was seen at hospitals that offered the blood test as part of a routine visit than at those where screening required a separate visit. The type of screening test offered and whether a reminder was sent were not associated with uptake. Given the consensus that undergoing screening should be the result of an informed choice, further research is needed to determine which methods of offering serum screening facilitate and which impede informed choice.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2004

Randomised trial comparing an interactive multimedia decision aid with a leaflet and a video to give information about prenatal screening for Down syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: (1)To compare an interactive multimedia decision aid (IMDA) with a leaflet and a video to give information about prenatal screening for Down syndrome and (2) to determine the women's acceptance of IMDA. METHODS: Two hundred and one women were recruited from the prenatal clinic of a university teaching hospital and randomised into the intervention group (IMDA, video, and information leaflet) or the control group (video and information leaflet). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the initial decision for and the final uptake of the prenatal screening test between the control and intervention groups. The proportion of women who were undecided was less than 10% in both groups. Of the women in the intervention group, 86.6% and 78.9% agreed that IMDA was user-friendly and acceptable, respectively. Significantly more women aged < 35 (88.1%) accepted IMDA than women aged > or = 35 (68.3%) (P = 0.030), but the logistic regression analysis did not confirm this finding after adjusting for other factors (computer knowledge and usage of computer). CONCLUSION: The use of IMDA did not affect the women's overall uptake rate of the prenatal screening test for Down syndrome. More women less than 35 years accepted IMDA probably because they used computer more frequently and had more computer knowledge.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient information leaflets--helpful guidance or a source of confusion?

BACKGROUND: According to the European Community Directive 92/27, pharmaceutical companies are responsible for working out patient information leaflets (PILs) for all products marketed, and every PIL should comply with the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) and be phrased so that it is easily understandable by the patient. However, the volume of information included in the PIL may differ for different brands, and furthermore, the same drug may be registered for different indications. Patients may therefore receive different drug information when they renew prescriptions for the same generic drug. OBJECTIVES: To examine if PILs on different brands of generically identical drugs contain inconsistent and diverging information that may lead to confusion. DESIGN: Case-finding among patients who contacted a pharmacy because of problems related to the information retrieved from the PIL. SETTING: Inquiries to a Danish pharmacy during one year (1 June 2000-31 May 2001). RESULTS: Different brands of generically identical products included PILs with substantial inconsistencies. Diverging information about indications for drug use, adverse effects, drug-drug interactions and precautions and considerations concerning pregnancy and breastfeeding resulted in inquiries to the pharmacy. CONCLUSION: Patients may be confused by inconsistent information in PILs from different brands of generically identical drugs. Confusion about drug treatment may lead to reduced compliance and initiatives should be taken to coordinate information in PILs covering the same generic product.

Community Pharmacy Services↗
PubMed2004

The impact of an informational self-management intervention on the association between control and illness uncertainty before and psychological distress after radiotherapy.

Many studies have reported that cancer patients who show difficulties maintaining perceptions of control report more psychological distress than patients who are higher in control. Besides perceptions of control, feelings of illness uncertainty have also been regarded as a predictor of psychological distress. Given these strong relationships between perceptions of low control and high illness uncertainty and psychological distress, the present study examined whether an informational self-management intervention (booklet) could moderate this relationship. The booklet contained general and specific information about cancer and cancer treatment, information about possible coping strategies, and social comparison information, which consisted of short stories of other patients. Prior to radiotherapy, 209 patients with cancer completed baseline measures, including control and illness uncertainty. After completing radiotherapy, patients were randomly allocated to receive either a booklet (experimental group; N=103) or no booklet (control group; N=106). Three months after the intervention, aspects of psychological distress were assessed, including tension, anger, depression, fatigue and vigour. The results supported our hypotheses and suggested that a self-management intervention is relevant in reducing the relationship between control and illness uncertainty before radiotherapy and psychological distress after radiotherapy. This seems important, especially for high-risk patients who perceive little control and much illness uncertainty.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Characteristics associated with exposure to and participation in a televised smoking cessation intervention program for women with high school or less education.

OBJECTIVES: This paper estimates the prevalence of exposure to and participation in a televised smoking cessation intervention targeting women with high school or less education and describes characteristics related to exposure and participation. METHODS: A random sample of the population of female smokers with high school or less education in the Chicago metropolitan area was used to estimate the prevalence of exposure to a targeted smoking cessation intervention with television and booklet components (n = 722). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine characteristics related to exposure to each component and participation, defined as simultaneous use of both components, in a sample of population and registrants combined (n = 1,727). RESULTS: About one of every four women in the target population either saw the television series or called for the booklet (24.5%); 17.5% saw the television series, 9.4% called for the booklet, and 2.4% both saw the television series and called for the booklet. Independent predictors of booklet exposure were black, older age, annual income $40,000 or less, heavier smoking, and higher stage of readiness to quit. Adjusting for booklet exposure, independent predictors of television exposure were older age and nonblack. Independent predictors of participation were black, older age, and higher stage of readiness to quit. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention reached a substantial portion of low-educated female smokers. Women who were older, black, or at higher stages of readiness to quit were most likely to be exposed and to participate. Heavier smokers or lower income women were most likely to be exposed but not necessarily to participate.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A randomized trial of a brief intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intake: a replication study among callers to the CIS.

BACKGROUND: Results are reported from a large randomized trial designed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among callers to the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service (CIS) (n = 1,717). METHODS: CIS callers assigned to the intervention group (n = 861) received a brief proactive educational intervention over the telephone at the end of usual service, with two follow-up mailouts. Key educational messages and print material derived from the NCI 5 A Day for Better Health program were provided to intervention participants. Participants were interviewed by telephone at 4 weeks (n = 1,307), 4 months (n = 1,180), and 12 months for follow-up (n = 1,016). RESULTS: Results obtained from a single-item measure of fruit and vegetable consumption indicate a significant intervention effect of 0.88 servings per day at 4 weeks follow-up (P < 0.001), 0.63 servings per day at 4 months follow-up (P < 0.001), and 0.43 servings per day at 12 months follow-up (P < 0.001). Using a 7-item food frequency measure, an intervention effect of 0.63 servings per day was obtained at 4 weeks follow-up (P < 0.001), compared with 0.39 servings per day at 4 months follow-up (P = 0.002) and 0.44 servings per day at 12 months follow-up (P = 0.002). A 24-h recall assessment included in the 4-month interviews also yielded a significant intervention effect of 0.67 servings per day (P = 0.015). The vast majority of callers (90%) endorsed the strategy of providing 5 A Day information proactively within the CIS. CONCLUSIONS: This brief educational intervention was associated with higher levels of self-reported fruit and vegetable intake at both short- and long-term follow-up. Additional research is recommended to test this or a similar intervention in diverse populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mediation in a family-directed program for prevention of adolescent tobacco and alcohol use.

BACKGROUND: Family Matters is a universal intervention designed to prevent adolescent tobacco and alcohol use through involvement of family members and by targeting family risk factors for tobacco and alcohol use. Previously reported findings suggest that the program reduced the prevalence of both adolescent smoking and drinking in the 12 months after program completion. This paper reports analyses conducted to identify the mediators through which the program influenced adolescent smoking and drinking. METHODS: One thousand fourteen adolescents ages 12 to 14 years and their families, identified by random-digit dialing, were entered into a randomized trial. Adolescents and their parents provided data by telephone for measuring mediator and behavioral variables at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months after program completion. Repeated-measures logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to assess mediation processes. RESULTS: The program resulted in statistically significant changes in several substance-specific aspects of the family, such as rule setting about tobacco and alcohol use. However, the intermediate family effects did not account for the program effects on adolescent behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The variables hypothesized to explain program effects were not identified by direct empirical examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Joint replacement and patient education.

To improve patient service and in an attempt to enhance the outcome of joint replacement an information booklet has been produced and supplied to all patients admitted for this procedure at Harlow Wood hospital. A postal questionnaire was sent to groups of patients before and after the introduction of the booklets, three months after operation. The level of patient satisfaction with the information given improved from 54% to 82%. A significant improvement was noted in the patient's understanding of the procedure and management of their joint replacement. However, only 53% of patients fully understood the possible complications of the procedure.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Information on health risks in prisons: evaluation of a leaflet].

An illustrated full colour brochure has been elaborated for Swiss prisoners. This brochure, named "Hygiene and Health in detention", concerns transmissible diseases in general and AIDS in particular. It is meant to replace typed A4 sheets which were not generally read. The evaluation of the brochure took place in a Swiss prison on the basis of 22 questions put to inmates during interviews. Answers of inmates having received the old sheet were compared with answers of inmates who received the new brochure. The evaluation concerning the informations' presentation is positive. The brochure is more attractive than the A4 sheet thanks to its illustrated and coloured presentation (chi-square = 6.52, p = 0.01). Prisoners remember having received the brochure more than the old sheet (chi-square = 10.02, p = 0.001). More prisoners have read the folder than the A4 sheet (chi-square = 4.22, p = 0.04). The evaluation concerning the principal preventive messages is only partially positive. Inmates do not appear to have assimilated the medical information any better than from the old A4 sheet.

Adult↗