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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Herpesvirus-induced atherosclerosis in chickens.

Repeated experiments have established that infection with Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV) leads to atherosclerosis in specific pathogen free (SPF) normocholesterolemic chickens. Neither normocholesterolemic nor hypercholesterolemic uninfected SPF chickens develop this disease. The MDV-induced arterial disease is remarkably similar to chronic human atherosclerosis. Cholesterol and saturated cholesteryl esters accumulated in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) infected with MDV. Similar preliminary observations were made in vivo. These findings suggest that MDV-induced alteration of SMC lipid metabolism is of major importance in the pathogenesis of MDV-induced atherosclerosis. In addition, immunization with turkey herpesvirus, used commercially to prevent MDV-induced tumors in chickens, also protected against MDV-induced atherosclerosis. This animal model has introduced important new dimensions and tools in atherosclerosis research: a defined etiologic agent (MDV) that causes atherosclerosis in a defined animal of known genetic susceptibility to the etiologic agent. With these tools, important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis may be established in a relatively short period of time. Further, this animal model should be considered important in other models of atherosclerosis research because herpesvirus infections are ubiquitous in these animals. Finally, because humans are widely and persistently infected with up to five herpesviruses, these studies may lead to the understanding and eventual control of human atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibiotic aerosolization for treatment of alcaligenes rhinotracheitis.

Aerosolization of oxytetracycline hydrochloride for treatment and control of rhinotracheitis caused by Alcaligenes faecalis was performed in complete confinement on two turkey flocks immediately preceding vaccination with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Tracheal culture results indicated populations of A. faecalis decreased following treatment. Clinical observations showed the treated turkeys had greater activity and more alertness compared with untreated A. faecalis-infected flocks, and respiratory sounds were diminished overall. Increased food and water consumption and no stunting was observed in treated turkeys. Treated flocks had a substantial decrease in mortality during the 4-week post-NDV vaccination period compared with untreated flocks. These results, although inadequately controlled, suggest a promising treatment program for A. faecalis infection in turkeys.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1978

[Comparative pathology and etiology of lymphatic tumors in fowl].

The tumours associated to lymphoid leucosis and Marek's disease are compared with lymphoproliferative diseases of man and other species, by morphological, immunomorphological, and aetiological criteria. Morphological and immunomorphological similarities were found to exist between lymphoid leucosis and malignant lymphomas of the B-cell system in man, more particularly, follicular lymphoma, lamphoblastic lymphosarcoma of the B-cell type, Burkitt's lymphoma, and immunoblastic lymphoma. Equivalent similarities with Marek's disease are relating particularly to Hodgkin's disease, infectious mononucleosis, and malignant lymphomas of the T-cell system. Aetiological relations were found to exist between lymphoid leucosis and the oncorna-virus-dependent lymphatic tumours in mammals, while similarities with Marek's disease were relating to infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and herpes-virus-dependent lymphatic tumours in monkey. Reference is made to the model nature of both lymphoid leucosis and Marek's disease and the resulting relevance to tumour research.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructure of livers of broiler chickens fed diets containing rapeseed meal.

The ultrastructure of the livers of four-week-old White Rock broiler chickens fed diets containing 50% rapeseed meal was examined. Multifocal hepatocytic necrosis was observed in most of the birds fed the experimental diets. Early degenerative changes were swelling of mitochondria and vacuolations of various sizes in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. The reticulum fibres seen as bundles of cross striated fibrils were disorganised at the sites of the focal necrosis. Alteration of interfibrillar matrix were considered to be reason for the negative silver stain in the necrotic foci at light microscopic level reported previously. Disruption of the liver framework at the necrotic foci appeared to have caused a rupture of the sinusoids in the birds showing the haemorrhagic syndrome.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronological observations of feather pulp lesions in chickens inoculated with Marek's disease virus.

Observations of the feather pulp from chickens inoculated with Marek's disease (MD) virus revealed diverse lesions similar to those in the peripheral nerves of chickens infected with MD. These lesions were categorized as follows: R1-type lesions = from minimal perivascular to diffuse infiltration of small lymphocytes mixed with a few medium lymphocytes or blast cells; R2-type lesion = edema and cellular infiltration consisting of plasma cells and small lymphocytes; and T-type lesion = tumorous proliferation of lymphoid cells predominantly composed of medium lymphocytes or blast cells. Chronological observations of the feather pulp biopsies taken at 2-week intervals from individual chickens revealed the lesion progression R1-type leads to T-type, or R1-type leads to R2-type. The former progression was usually seen in birds showing evidence of both persistent nuclear-inclusion (NI) formation in the feather-follicle epithelium (FFE) and development of lymphoid tumors in the viscera. The latter progression was seen exclusively in chickens that showed transient NI formation in the FFE, regardless of the incidence of MD.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cecal and hepatic granulomas of unknown etiology in chickens.

One hundred and seventy-nine outbreaks of cecal and hepatic granulomas were diagnosed in small flocks of 3-to-7-month-old chickens in Saskatchewan between 1968 and 1981. The lesions were generally found at slaughter in the autumn. Outbreaks were widely distributed in farming areas in the province. The granulomas were either rough or smooth and were commonly confined to the liver and ceca but were also found in some outbreaks in the spleen, lung, mesentery, heart, kidney, and pancreas. The cause of the granulomas is unknown. Most granulomas were sterile on the basis of routine bacterial culture, but either Escherichia coli or a mixed flora of bacteria was isolated from some others. Acid-fast organisms and fungal elements have never been demonstrated using special histological stains.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Natural and experimental Salmonella arizonae 18:z4,z32 (Ar. 7:1,7,8) infection in broilers. Bacteriological and histopathological survey of eye and brain lesions.

Arizonosis occurred in a flock of 10,000 broilers in the state of Sao Paulo. Among 45 specimens submitted for examination at 15 days of age, there was blindness, and nervous symptoms with ataxia, torticollis, and opisthotonos. Necropsy showed caseous material in the vitreous body of the eyeballs and in the cortical region of the brain; S. arizonae 18:z4,z32 (Ar. 7:1,7,8) was isolated. Both ocular and brain lesions were reproduced by exposure of day-old chicks to the isolate by oral and intraocular dosage, by pen contact, and by intraperitoneal injection. Lesions in the brain were most prominent in the ventricles and consisted of necrotic masses containing eosinophilic cells surrounded by macrophages, and epithelioid and multinucleated cells. Lesions of the eye were most often related to the retina.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytogenetic studies of cell lines derived from Marek's disease virus-induced local lesions.

Cytogenetic analysis of cell lines derived from Marek's disease virus (MDV) induced local lesions was performed to detect the presence of a chromosomal alteration found previously in cell lines derived from MDV-induced visceral tumors. This chromosomal alteration involves an amplified region on the short arm of chromosome 1. Trypsin G-binding was performed on 12 local-lesion cell lines having various T-cell receptor phenotypes. Eight of 12 cell lines had a diploid female karyotype, and four lines were diploid males. Ten of the cell lines showed a normal G-banding pattern; two lines, however, had the short arm amplification on chromosome 1 (1p+). Thus, the 1p+ alteration does not appear to be necessary for establishment of cell lines from local lesions. The occurrence of the 1p+ alteration in Marek's disease cell lines suggests a possible role for this alteration in late stages of multi-step viral oncogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of two commercial turkey farms experiencing high levels of liver foci.

Two turkey farms that had previously experienced high levels of liver condemnations at slaughter were monitored through one complete growout cycle. Liver foci appeared at both farms by week 2. More than 80% of the liver foci sampled did not have any aerobic or facultative bacteria isolated from the lesions. Low numbers of Ascaridia dissimilis larvae were found on both farms by week 3 in the growout. The patterns for the ascaridiasis at both farms were similar, although one of the farms had a higher number of ascarids earlier than the other. Neither farm had high levels of adult ascarids present, although the average larval burden was high. Piperazine was administered at both farms on multiple occasions, but there were no significant decreases in the level of adult ascarids following administration. There was no apparent development of immunity, since all stages of the life cycle remained stable, even late in the growout. The simultaneous appearance of the liver foci and the A. dissimilis indicate that the ascarids may be responsible for the hepatic pathology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The epidemiological characteristics of single cases of campylobacteriosis in urban inhabitants].

The results of the analysis of the epidemic situation in Campylobacter infection and the epidemiological markers of the strains of the infective agent have demonstrated that Campylobacter infection, registered as single cases among the residents of Vologda, has an epidemic character. An intensive and uncontrolled process among fowl (chickens) and the absence of effective measures of specific prophylaxis make it necessary that a system of hygienic measures be given priority in the complex of measures aimed at the prophylaxis of Campylobacter infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal diverticulum in a turkey.

A normal 21-day-old British United Turkey of America had an intestinal diverticulum. The diverticulum, which affected all layers of the intestinal wall, arose on the mesenteric surface of the ileum midway between the yolk sac and the cecal tonsils. The general structure of the diverticulum resembled the normal histological appearance of the ileum, although a progressive atrophy of the wall occurred throughout the length of the diverticulum. No metaplasia, inflammation, or tumor was observed.

Animals↗