Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “POLAND”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Intrauterine environment and breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Poland.

High estrogen exposure in utero may increase breast cancer risk later in life. However, studies of the associations between perinatal factors presumed to affect the fetal hormonal environment and breast cancer risk are inconsistent. We used data from a population-based case-control study of 2,386 incident breast cancers and 2,502 controls in Poland to evaluate risks associated with various perinatal characteristics. After adjusting for confounders, we found a significant trend (p = 0.01) of breast cancer risk with birth weight (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.08-2.19 for birth weights >4,000 g vs. <2,500 g). Subjects with a high birth order (> or =6) were at reduced risk (OR = 0.81, 0.61-1.06) when compared with first born subjects. Birth weight was somewhat a stronger risk predictor among subjects whose cancers were diagnosed at 50 years of age or older (OR = 1.84, 1.19-2.85) than among those with cancers diagnosed at younger ages (OR = 1.14, 0.61-2.12). Subjects whose mothers smoked during their pregnancies were at slightly higher risk than those who never smoked (OR = 1.21, 0.99-1.47), but the risk was similar to mothers who only smoked at other times (OR = 1.22, 0.81-1.84). Breast cancer risk was not related to paternal smoking, maternal age, gestational age or twin status. Our results add support to the growing evidence that some perinatal exposures may relate to breast cancer risk. Additional studies are needed to confirm associations and clarify the biologic mechanisms underlying these associations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Urinary excretion of N-nitrosamino acids and nitrate by inhabitants of high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer in Poland.

Urine samples were collected from 96 inhabitants of a high-risk rural area and a low-risk urban area for stomach cancer in Poland, according to the following protocol: (1) when they were undosed; (2) after ingestion of proline 3 times a day; and (3) after ingestion of proline together with vitamin C 3 times a day. The samples were analyzed for N-nitrosamino acids and nitrates, as indices of exposure to preformed and endogenously formed N-nitrosamines. The median values of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) and N-nitrosothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NTCA) excreted in the urine of undosed subjects were not different between the two areas; but N-nitrososarcosine and 3-(N-nitroso-N-methylamino)propionic acid levels were 3- to 4-fold higher in subjects of the high-risk area. After intake of proline, the NPRO level increased (p less than 0.02) only in subjects in the high-risk area; intake of vitamin C tended to inhibit this increase in NPRO and lowered the levels of other nitrosamino acids. The urinary level of nitrates was 1.4-fold, but significantly higher among subjects in the high-risk area than among those in the low-risk area; nitrate levels were not correlated with the amounts of cured meat or types of vegetables consumed. Urinary nitrate levels and excretion of NPRO, NTCA and the sum of all nitrosamino acids analyzed showed positive, though modest, correlations. These results indicate a higher potential for endogenous nitrosamine formation, possibly by intragastric nitrosation among subjects in the high-risk rural area.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Nutritional factors and pancreatic cancer: a case-control study from south-west Poland.

A population-based case-control study of diet and pancreatic cancer has been conducted in the Opole Voivodeship region in Poland, using 110 cases and 195 controls. A full diet history was used to estimate the daily intake of calories, fat, protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol, retinol, vitamin C, and fibre. There is a strong positive association with the intake of cholesterol with relative risks of 1.90, 3.77, and 4.31 for the 3 upper quartiles compared with the lowest (p, trend = less than 0.01). An inverse association was seen with vitamin C intake, with corresponding relative risks of 1.10, 0.30, and 0.37 (p, trend = less than 0.01). Weak inverse associations were seen with the intake of retinol and fibre. There is evidence of an inverse association with fat intake, particularly unsaturated fats, and of a positive association with the intake of carbohydrate and to a lesser extent, protein. These results further support the potential importance of dietary factors in the aetiology of cancer of the pancreas.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1988

Poland's syndrome with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an adult.

We report a patient with Poland's syndrome who developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at 28 years of age. This is the first time that such an association has been reported from outside the United States or in an adult. The relevant literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by aquatic macrophytes around Wrocław, Poland.

Studies were made of heavy metal accumulation in aquatic macrophytes growing in streams and ponds around Wroclaw, Poland, partly affected by atmospheric pollution, effluents of chemical factories, and groundwater contaminated by slagdumps from a smelter and power station. The highest concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface water and aquatic macrophytes surpass the average values established for background reference sites. Significant positive correlations were found between Cu contents in water and Cu, Cd, and Zn contents in plants, between Cu and Cd in plants, between Co and Ni in plants, between Ni contents in water and Ni and Cu contents in plants, between Zn in water and Cu in plants, and between Cd and Ni in plants. Negative correlations were found between Cd contents in water and Zn contents in plants, between Co in water and Cd in plants, and between Zn in water and Co in plants. Experiments with the liverwort Scapania undulata originating from a clean, forested, mountain stream and cultivated in solutions containing 70-100% sewage from a chemical factory demonstrated an increase in lead content (85 times in 100% sewage and 58 times in 70% sewage) and in mercury content (40 times in 100% sewage and 20 times in 70% sewage), and also an increase in contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Exposure to 70% sewage concentration during the 14 days of the experiment may be recognized as harmless for S. undulata, so this liverwort could be used in biotechnical purification of water.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Heavy metals in three lakes in West Poland.

Concentrations of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Co, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg, Fe) as well as macronutrients (P, Ca, Mg) were measured in water, bottom sediments, and plants of three lakes in West Poland (southwest of Poznan). The plants collected were Nymphaea alba, Nuphar luteum, Ceratophyllum demersum, Phragmites communis, Typha latifolia, and Schoenoplectus lacustris. These plants contained elevated levels of Co, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg. Analyses of water and bottom sediments indicated that the lakes were polluted with Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb and partly with Ni and Hg. Strong positive correlations were found between concentrations of Cd in water and in plants, between concentrations of Cd in bottom sediments and in plants, between concentrations of Cr in water and in plants, between concentrations of Cr in bottom sediments and in plants, and between concentrations of Fe in water and in plants, indicating the potential of plants for pollution monitoring for these metals. A negative correlation was found between biomass production and Pb and Mn content in water and Pb and Mn content in bottom sediments. Cr and Cd accumulated in plants at a higher rate from bottom sediments than from water. The accumulation rate of Fe in plant tissues was higher with an increase in Fe in water than with an increase in Fe in bottom sediments.

Biomass↗
PubMed1993

Adaptation of the WHO NCTB for use in Poland for detection of effects of exposure to neurotoxic agents.

The purpose of the project was an assessment of psychometric characteristics of the WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB) (in traditional version) and the Hanninen Subjective Symptom Questionnaire adapted for Poland. The subjects were 119 greenhouse workers, 65 of them were exposed to organophosphorous pesticides and 54 were nonexposed ones. To assess the reliability, all tests from NCTB were administered twice with a 4-month interval. The results obtained in the first examination were used to determine the effects of gender, age, and education on tests performance. To determine the underlying factor structure of the test battery, the factor analysis was performed on 45 variables. The test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.33 to 0.91. The lowest correlations were found for the Aiming Test--sum of errors (r = 0.33) and the Benton Test (r = 0.34). Gender appeared to be the most modifying factor of test performance. The factor analysis yielded 11 factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.0 (78.4% of variance explained).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Lead exposure and hearing effects in children in Katowice, Poland.

The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between lead exposure and hearing in children in the Katowice region, an industrial area in Poland. Blood lead was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, with appropriate quality control. The concentrations of lead in blood (B-Pb) in 155 children, aged 4-14, ranged from 19 to 281 microg/L (0.09 to 1.4 micromol/L), with a median of 72 microg/L (0.34 micromol/L). The hearing thresholds increased significantly with increasing blood lead levels at all investigated frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz). The relationship also remained significant for B-Pb below 100 microg/L (0.48 micomol/L; n=107). The brainstem auditory evoked potential latency of wave I was significantly increased (also after adjustment for age) in the group of children with the highest blood lead levels (B-Pb above 100 microg/L, 0.48 micromol/L; n=51), compared to the group with the lowest ones (B-Pb below 46 microg/L, 0.22 micromol/L; n=51). The audiometric results clearly indicate that auditory function in children is impaired at a blood lead concentration even below 100 microg/L (0.5 micromol/L).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Dietary risk factors in intestinal and diffuse types of stomach cancer: a multicenter case-control study in Poland.

A hospital-based, multicenter, case-control study has been performed in Poland covering 741 incident stomach-cancer cases (520 males and 221 females) and the same number of controls. All stomach-cancer diagnoses were evaluated for histologic type according to the Lauren criteria. Fifty-one percent were of the intestinal type, 35 percent of the diffuse type, and 8.5 percent of the mixed type. The frequency of consumption of individual food items and several food groups was analyzed and the association of various foods with stomach cancer risk was evaluated after controlling for sex, age, occupation, education, and residency. Increased consumption of sausages was related significantly to gastric cancer risk, whereas increased consumption of cheese products, nonwhite bread, vegetables, and fruit was associated with decreased risk. A particularly strong decrease in risk was associated with consumption of radishes and onions. When consumption of fruits and vegetables, sausages, nonwhite bread, and cheese were introduced simultaneously in a multivariate model, independent effects were found only for fruit and vegetables, sausages, and nonwhite bread. The use of table salt, the frequency of eating hot meals, and an irregular eating pattern were also associated with increased risk, while additional consumption of fruit between meals showed reduced risk. If a reduction in vegetable and fruit consumption took place after marriage, an increased risk for stomach cancer was found, whereas augmented consumption of these food items after marriage decreased the risk. Separate risk models were calculated for stomach cancer of the intestinal and diffuse types, but both histologic varieties showed the same pattern of associations with dietary risk factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Tetanus incidence and immunity in Poland.

The level of tetanus antibody was determined with the passive hemagglutination method in 503 sera of 10 to 90-year-old persons. Immunity to tetanus was age-dependent: the percentage of immune persons amounted to 90%-100% in persons below 40 years and then declined to 70% and 60% in persons in the 40-50 and above 50 year-old groups, respectively. Males above 30 years are better immunized than females. The comparison of the results of the present study with results of several periodic surveys performed in the last 27 years showed gradually increasing immunity level in all age groups. The findings are in agreement with age-dependent incidence of tetanus, which has become now, in Poland, a disease primarily of older people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Determinants of current HIV risk behaviour among injecting drug users in Warsaw, Poland.

Of the injecting drug users (IDUs), 24% had borrowed, and 37% had passed on syringes in the previous 6 months. In logistic regression analysis, current borrowing of syringes was significantly associated with a shorter duration of injecting drug use, a higher number of drug-injecting sex partners in the previous 6 months, and with current lending of syringes. A majority of the IDUs have modified previous HIV risk behaviour but these modifications are insufficient and not sustained over time. Intensified AIDS prevention measures for IDUs in Poland are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Molecular analysis of PKU haplotypes in the population of southern Poland.

Out of a population of 138,598 infants born in southern Poland between 1987 and 1989, and screened for phenylketonuria (PKU), 28 cases were ascertained probands and their parents were isolated and eight polymorphic restriction sites were analyzed within the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene region. Twenty-one different haplotypes (HT) were revealed, five of them representing new categories. The most common haplotypes among those carrying normal alleles were: HT1 (27.3%) and HT4 (11.4%). Within the group of haplotypes with mutant alleles the most frequent was HT2 (56.8%), whereas the frequency of this haplotype in other European populations, such as French, Danish and German, ranged from 12% to 24%. HT3, being the most common in Danish (38%), and relatively frequent in the other western European (13-14%) populations, appeared to be very rare in our sample (2.3%). The mutation of codon 408 (exon 12, C----T, Arg----Trp), which has been described to be tightly linked to HT2, was tested on amplified DNA by dot-blot hybridization. This mutation was found in 25 out of 44 proband chromosomes. In one case it was linked to HT5, in the remaining 24 to HT2. Our results confirm molecular heterogeneity of PKU haplotypes, as well as their significant interpopulation variation.

Alleles↗
PubMed1980

Prevalence of measles antibodies in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Poland in the years 1971--1978.

Between 1971 and 1978, clinical centres in four provinces of Poland reported 107 cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). This series comprised 73.8% boys and 26.2% girls. Most children were aged 6--8 years, and 66% of them had had measles in the first two years of life. As compared with a control group the geometric means of the haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies and neutralizing antibodies were between ten and twenty times higher in SSPE patients. Determinations of the levels of antibodies carried out several times during the disease showed a rise of the titres to values as high as 1 : 128,000 in the serum and 1 : 1,024 in the cerebrospinal fluid in some cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The clustering of multiple sclerosis in various administrative subunits of western Poland.

A survey of multiple sclerosis was made in the western part of Poland, with special attention being paid to the distribution of the disease in various administrative subunits. The prevalence of MS for the 35 counties (mean 45.08 per 100,000 for definite and possible cases taken together) revealed significant differences between particular regions, with clusters of high prevalence rates occurring in two towns (Leszno, 130,97; Gniezno, 122.83). Local uneven distribution of multiple sclerosis was also found within 198 communes covering the territory of the 35 counties. There were four clusters in eight neighbouring towns and communes with a high prevalence ranging from 74.37 to 141.54, and several with a very low prevalence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Blood lead in the general population in Poland.

Lead concentration in venous blood (Pb-B) was investigated in 1122 inhabitants (including 555 children under 10 years of age) of five Polish towns with no large industrial lead emitters (group I) and in 1246 persons (707 children under 10 years of age) living in the vicinity of zinc and copper mills (group II). The samples were analysed using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and the performing laboratory participated in the external quality control scheme during the study period (1992-1994). In group I the mean geometric Pb-B concentrations ranged from 23.8 to 48.3 micrograms/l in females, from 42.5 to 76.8 micrograms/l in males and from 29.9 to 62.5 micrograms/l in children. In group II, the mean geometric Pb-B concentrations were significantly higher and ranged from 49.4 to 105 micrograms/l in females, from 98.5 to 149 micrograms/l in males and from 73.7 to 114 micrograms/l in children, the values decreasing as the distance from the source of emission increased. Cigarette smoking was found to bring about a significant increase in Pb-B levels for both males and females. A significant correlation was noted between Pb-B concentrations in mothers and children. The ratio between child and maternal Pb-B concentrations amounted to approximately 1.0 for group I and to about 0.5 for group II. These findings indicate the necessity of undertaking preventive activities over the lead-contaminated areas. However, the lead hazard in Poland seems to be associated with point sources of emission and hence does not concern the whole population.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Results of laryngeal cancer surgery in four ENT centers in poland.

The results of laryngeal cancer surgery were assessed in a group of 832 patients treated in four major ENT centers in Poland. Five-year survival rates were as follows: stage I, 86%; stage II, 71%; stage III, 54%; and stage IV, 42%. In experienced hands and for properly selected cases, cure rates after partial (conservation) laryngeal surgery were similar to those after total laryngectomy. For early stages (I and II), the survival after partial surgery was better than that found after radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cadmium, zinc, copper, and metallothionein levels in the kidney and liver of inhabitants of upper Silesia (Poland).

The levels of Cd, Zn, Cu and metallothionein (MT) were determined in renal cortex and liver of 75 subjects decreased in the period 1986-1989 in the area of Upper Silesia (Katowice). The mean age of the population studied was 53.6 +/- 14.6 years. The determined levels (mean +/- SD) were: 43.1 +/- 23.5 micrograms Cd/g; 52.5 +/- 17.4 micrograms Zn/g; 2.2 +/- 0.7 microgram Cu/g; 0.80 +/- 0.36 mumol Hg/g in renal cortex and 3.5 +/- 2.5 micrograms Cd/g; 82.8 +/- 34.3 micrograms Zn/g; 4.5 +/- 2.6 micrograms Cu/g; 0.69 +/- 0.44 mumol Hg/g in the liver. The level of Cd in renal cortex was 40% higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers and was independent of the gender. Whole-body retention of Cd was 34.1 +/- 18.5 mg; smoking elevated the value from 27.1 to 38.2 mg. Compared with a similar study made in central Poland (Lódź), a significant difference was found only regarding the level of Zn and MT in the liver, pointing to the possibility that exposure to this element in the region of Upper Silesia may be higher.

Adult↗