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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Polymicrobial nature of vaginitis in young women: a microbiological and therapeutic study.

Thirty-six young females attending the Student Health Service with vaginitis were investigated by serial semiquantitative aerobic, anaerobic, fungal, mycoplasma and viral cultures over a 10 day period and results were correlated with signs and symptoms. Antifungal therapy (econazole pessaries and cream) resulted in clearance of candida from 13 out of 16 patients where there was no increase in the anaerobic flora. In the four subjects where candida was isolated along with Gardnerella vaginalis plus abnormal anaerobic flora, only one cleared with econazole, the remaining three clearing during therapy with metronidazole. In the nine subjects with Gardnerella vaginalis and abnormal anaerobic flora, metronidazole relieved symptoms despite failure to eradicate G. vaginalis in seven indicating the pathogenic role of the anaerobic flora rather then G. vaginalis. Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and gram negative enteric bacilli were not implicated as primary agents in causing vaginitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Lactation and fertility in goats after the induction of parturition with an analogue of prostaglandin F2 alpha, cloprostenol.

Cloprostenol, 100 micrograms, given intramuscularly to the nanny, with 50 micrograms 10 hours later, precipitated parturition in goats after 36 +/- 1 hours (mean +/- SEM), when administered at 137 +/- 0.5 days gestation. All kids were born alive and survived to weaning. Milk yield over 40 weeks post partum was not significantly different from that after spontaneous parturition. Three hundred micrograms cloprostenol (200 micrograms with 100 micrograms 10 hours later) also initiated parturition at 137 +/- 0.5 days gestation but caused a significant (P less than 0.01) suppression of lactation. Cloprostenol-induced parturition in more than one pregnancy had no adverse effects except for an increased incidence of placental retention, which was treated successfully with intrauterine pessaries containing oestrogen. During the first eight days after spontaneous parturition efficiency of milk secretion was inversely related to udder mass, suggesting a gradual maturation of the secretory alveolar epithelium over this time. When parturition was induced by cloprostenol there was a four to eight day delay before the establishment of this relationship which appeared essential for a successful lactation. Cloprostenol proved to be a useful tool for the control of parturition in goats, having applications to both general animal husbandry and for the study of mammary development and secretory competence.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1983

Cervical ripening.

When induction of labour is being considered the first step should be to assess the cervical score. If this is low, the gestational age should be confirmed since an unripe cervix is normal in earlier pregnancy and there may be a mistake in the patient's dates. If the maturity is confirmed, the choice lies between delivering the baby and waiting. Few genuine indications for induction change by waiting and increased risks may occur by postponing the date of delivery. The choice may then lie between elective caesarean section or amniotomy and intravenous oxytocin with an unripe cervix on the one hand, and cervical ripening before induction of labour on the other (Lancet, 1979). The last course has many advantages to commend it. There is still much to be learnt about cervical ripening. The success of the prostaglandins suggests that they may be the agents of choice at present. The ideal preparation would be one that could be administered vaginally to ripen the cervix without inducing uterine contractions. A major problem to date has been the absence of a commercially available PGE2 preparation for local use and this has necessitated the formulation of home-made gels and pessaries by individual hospital pharmacies. However, recently Prostin E2 vaginal tablets (each containing dinoprostone 3 mg) have been marketed and initial studies (Stewart et al, 1983) have shown promising results.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

[Cytology of the endometrium. Anatomical principles (author's transl)].

In cytological impression preparations of the endometrium practically only superficial epithelia were obtained and evaluated. In half of the sexually mature and premenopausal women a corresponding secretory change was found in the middle or in the late luteal phase only. Atypical surface epithelia are only to be observed at the beginning of the proliferation phase, in regeneration after abrasion, in chronic endometritis, with a fitted intrauterine pessary, estrogen therapy and in pregnancy and may lead to false positive results. In postmenopausal women a third of glandular hyperplasias with exuberant growth in the depths of the mucosa show superficial resting or only a few active epithelial cells which may lead to underestimation of the results, occasionally, in the case of an incipient well-differentiated carcinoma even to a false negative assessment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Comparison of vaginal devices CIDR and PRID in ovariectomized cows using hormone analysis].

Plasma concentrations of progesterone and estradiol were compared in 7 ovariectomised cows after application of 2 different intravaginal releasing devices. Peak concentrations of 4-6 ng/ml progesterone were found within 2 hours after application of the devices. From day 2 to day 6 concentrations sank continuously to 2 ng/ml. Progesterone levels of 1-2 ng/ml prevailed from day 6 to the day of removal of the pessaries (day 12 for PRID, day 15 for CIDR). No differences between the two devices were detected. Increased concentrations of estradiol were found for PRID only, reaching maximum levels of 6-7 pg/ml plasma 150 minutes after application.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1995

[Premature rupture of fetal membranes at term: an indication for induced labor with prostaglandins?].

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term is thought to be related to an increased infection risk for mother and child. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of prostaglandins for induction of labour in 433 cases of PROM presenting after 35 completed weeks of gestation. Intracervical gel or vaginal pessaries were given in dependence on the Bishop-score. Course of delivery and fetal outcome were analysed. In 57.3% single application was sufficient to induce the delivery. Only 1.8% of cases did not respond. 21% of patients were delivered within six hours of the first application and 89.6% during the first 24 hours. The rate of cesarean section was 15.5%. Fetal distress caused by uterine hyperstimulation was observed in 9.9% and required intrapartum tocolysis. A fetal acidosis (pH < 7.15) was present in 4.1%. The neonatal infective morbidity was 0.4%. Severe maternal complications were not observed. We conclude that use of prostaglandins for induction of labour in case of PROM at term seems to be a recommendable measure. In primiparous women or in the presence of an unfavorable cervix-score shorter duration to delivery diminishes the risk of fetal infection.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of intravaginal administration of cisplatin (CDDP) suppositories to uterine cervical cancer--blood and tissue concentrations and the therapeutic effects].

Four patients with cervical cancer (squamous cell carcinoma: two cases of stage Ib, one of stage IIa, adenocarcinoma: one of stage Ib), were treated preoperatively by intravaginal administration of CDDP (20 mg) suppositories with pessary 7 times every other day. The uptake, distribution and antitumor effect of CDDP were investigated. Results were as follows. 1) Serum total platinum (Pt) concentration varied between individual patients. Cmax profile (0.17-0.57 micrograms/ml) of Pt was observed at 12 hours after the total dose of 140 mg administration in all patients. 2) The tissue Pt concentration showed high values in the cervix (average 55.4 micrograms/g), followed by the vagina (13.13), endometrium (3.17), uterine wall (0.64), ovary (0.57), lymph node group: parametrial (1.14), obturator (0.34), inguinal (0.28), external iliac (0.51), internal iliac (0.42) and common iliac (0.54). Para-aortic node value was too low to detect. 3) Colposcopic findings were disappearance of bleeding and reduction of tumor outgrowth. Microscopic findings were degeneration and necrosis of cancer nest from the surface to about 2 mm depth of the cervix. In conclusion, it may be necessary to improve CDDP penetration from the tumor surface for effective local chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Gynecology and obstetrics in ancient Egypt].

We analyzed scriptural and archeologic sources of information concerning gynaecology and obstetrics as practiced in ancient Egypt. Knowledge of anatomy was rudimentary but precocious diagnosis of pregnancy was practiced. An obstetrical chair had been used since the VIth dynasty. The Egyptians were the first to describe prolapsus of the genital organs. The pessary was a known treatment. Spermicidal mixtures were used for contraception.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1994

[The therapy of postpartum secretion retention (lochiometra) in high-yielding cows].

In 11 specialised dairy farms belonging to the herd book and cattle health service of the Bureau of animal health in Hannover 1134 gynaecological examinations had been accomplished during a two and a half years period every four weeks. 120 cows (approximately 10%) showed an ichorous vaginal secretion between the second and third week post partum. The treatment was conducted beginning from ten days post partum with a high antibiotical dosage (4 g Tetracycline) in shape of small-sized pessaries (UT-forte, MSD) and additionally the cows received 20 micrograms GnRH (Receptal, Hoechst) by intramuscular injection. 3-4 weeks later the cows were reexamined, 36 cows did not reveal any abnormal signs, the remainder had to be treated in accordance with the diagnosis in the sexual tract (on average 1.16 times). After a mean interval calving to first service of 93 days 85% of the cows with lochiometra needed some more than two A. l's with a six weeks' delay to get pregnant. The reasons for the differences between the results of this study and those of other investigations are explained. It requires a great deal of veterinary labor to prevent the inflammatory processes in the genital tract from getting chronic, that is why lochiometra must be looked upon as one of the most aggravating puerperal disease. The medical care of the uterus with high doses of antibiotics combined with the application of GnRH must be recognized as a good supplement to the therapy of retained placenta favoured by Götze or other puerperal disorders such as lochiometra especially in regard to compatibility and high pregnancy rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Twenty four-hour monitoring of incontinence and bladder function in a community hospital.

We wished to determine whether 24-hour monitoring of urinary incontinence without video urodynamics would provide adequate information for treatment. Twelve subjects with urinary incontinence (seven women and five men) were investigated, average age 75 years (range 44 to 89 years). Setting was a community hospital (80 beds), a nursing home, and a lodge, 60 miles from the nearest assessment center. Twenty four-hour monitoring consisted of 2 hourly preweighed pad changes, postchange weighing, Uroflow set-up in subject's bathroom, fluid intake record, and 1 postvoid residual ultrasonogram. All subjects had history and physical and evaluation of medications. Findings included probable urge incontinence, stress incontinence, chronic retention with overflow, and normal bladder function. Recommendations included oxybutynin chloride, timed toileting, timed fluid restriction, diuretic manipulation, intermittent catheterization, pessary, and surgery. At 6 weeks, 25% (4/12) were better (three with urge incontinence and one after operation for stress incontinence). Video urodynamics were conducted only for the patient with stress incontinence after operation. We suggest that 24-hour monitoring is noninvasive, is less disruptive and less expensive than video urodynamics, and provides adequate information for initial treatment in many patients with urinary incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Medical management of pelvic relaxation.

Although most gynecologists consider surgery to be the treatment of choice for pelvic relaxation, there are many non-surgical forms of therapy for this problem and conditions which it may produce, such as urinary incontinence. This review highlights the importance of properly diagnosing co-existent factors which may complicate a patient's condition, and reviews therapies which may relieve her discomfort without surgery. These options include manipulation of concurrent medical factors, estrogen therapy, pelvic muscle rehabilitation through exercise and electrical stimulation, prompted voiding regimens, and the use of supportive pessaries.

Estrogen Replacement Therapy↗
PubMed1993

Topical sucralfate in the treatment of vaginal ulceration.

BACKGROUND: Non-neoplastic vaginal ulceration is at times recalcitrant to traditional methods of treatment. Sucralfate, a basic aluminum salt of sucrose octasulfate, binds preferentially to ulcerated areas and promotes healing, an effect that does not appear to be acid-dependent. CASE: Three cases of vaginal ulceration were treated with vaginal douches of sucralfate 10% suspension twice daily. One of the cases was due to laser ablation for intraepithelial neoplasia, one was of uncertain etiology, and one was caused by pessary use. CONCLUSION: After failure of the initial therapeutic regimens, sucralfate treatment was successful in all three cases and was well tolerated without side effects. Sucralfate vaginal douches should be considered for the treatment of non-neoplastic vaginal ulcerations, particularly when other therapy has failed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1995

[Vaginal and intrauterine contraception].

Vaginal contraception (condom, diaphragm and spermicide in pessary, tablet, jelly, cream, or sponge form) have been little used in France and generally in Europe since the advent of modern contraception with "the pill" and the intrauterine contraceptive device. The former methods, when properly used, are nevertheless both effective and useful, at least as interim measures. In addition, the protection they afford against sexually transmitted diseases and, for the condom, against HIV, is not negligible. Finally, the "barrier" methods of contraception such as the diaphragm and the condom afford significant protection against cancer of the cervix. The intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), used in France by 14% of women between 15 and 49 years of age and by 90 million women throughout the world for whom it is the main reversible means of contraception, have a mechanism of action that is still not fully understood. Most IUCD now used are made of copper. There are also diffusion IUCD based on progesterone or a synthetic progestational hormone which are useful in case of anaemia, menorrhagia or dysmenorrhea.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1995

Vaginal thrush: how can we help our clients?

Vaginal thrush is a common fungal infection. Recurrent infections occur in about 10% of women. It is important to complete the course of treatment (often clotrimazole (Canesten) pessaries) to eradicate the fungus. A partner who shows symptoms should also be diagnosed and treated. With recurrent thrush, test for diabetes. Simple self-help measures may be helpful, as may attention to personal hygiene. Postmenopausal women are often susceptible because of reduced vaginal lubrication. A vaginal jelly can be helpful.

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Embryo transfer in the goat--a review].

The available techniques for the control of the estrous cycle and superovulation in goats are covered. Most commonly the estrous cycle is controlled by means of progestagen pessaries or s.c. implants. To superovulate goats, FSH is more suitable than PMSG. As an alternative, goats may be immunized against inhibin. Premature regression of corpora lutea is a common complication in superovulated goats. Collection and transfer of embryos is usually accomplished via laparotomy. Occasionally endoscopic techniques are utilized. A recently invented technique for transcervical embryo collection is touched upon. Methods of in vitro culture and preservation of embryos resemble those commonly applied in cattle. Satisfactory success rates are achieved with the transfer of frozen-thawed blastocysts. Vitrification of goat embryos is feasible. There are reports on successful splitting and fusion (chimaera formation) of goat embryos and on in vitro fertilization (IVF). The goat may serve as a suitable model for the invention of new approaches in biotechnology in ruminants.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Primary vaginal cancer in adults. Apropos of 72 cases treated at the Fondation Curie from 1956 to 1968].

Primary vaginal cancer are infrequent and amount to 2 or 3 per cent of the gynecological cancers. Their diagnosis is difficult, because many other cancers metastasize in the vagina. The primary vaginal cancer arise mostly after climateric. Adjuvant causes would be a total hysterectomy in the past, prolapsus, prolonged use a pessary or a previous irradiation. The squamous-cell carcinomas, by far the most frequent (91%), are mostly situated in the upper third of the vagina on the anterior and posterior walls. Surgery, being difficult and mutilating is rarely indicated. So the treatment is mainly radiotherapic: external irradiation and intracavitary curietherapy. The radiation techniques are a little different according to the site of the lesion in the lower third or not. The upper lesion can be treated like a cervix cancer. The lower ones are more difficult to handle; for curietherapy, one must use molded apparatus, loaded with Iridium wire, adapted to each special case. The therapeutic results are rather poor:43 per cent for the 5-year cure rate and 36 per cent for the 10-year cure rate: less than for the cervix uteri. The upper lesions have a better prognosis than the lower ones. Results should be improved with an earlier diagnosis, a more accurate radiotherapy and a more precise dosimetry. The non-squamous-cell cancers (adenocarcinomas, sarcomas, mallignant melanomas) are generally rather radio-resistant. They are rare and their prognosis is very poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Advice on contraception for new mothers in Finland].

The abortion rates have increased slightly. In the statistics, the proportion of women having already given birth has become greater. New mothers should be informed of contraception. It should be emphasized that nursing is an effective method of contraception only if the mother has not had her menstruation yet and if the baby is totally breast-fed. Condom, pessary and copper coil are good contraceptives during nursing. New methods are being developed constantly, such as Nesteroni.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment of genital prolapse in very old women].

An until recently mobile woman of 86 years developed problems with independent living because of a genital total prolapse. After treatment by high perineoplasty she was once more able to resume her social activities. In very old women a genital prolapse can lead to significant morbidity due to hygienic problems and increase of social loneliness due to impairment of mobility. Use of a pessary is rarely an acceptable solution because of ulceration of the vaginal wall. Surgery can be modified because preservation of vaginal function is hardly necessary after the age of eighty. Efficient control of complaints can be achieved by Labhardt high perineoplasty or Le Fort partial colpocleisis. Before such types of operation cytology and ultrasonography of the uterus must be performed to exclude a malignancy with reasonable certainty. Both operations can be done under local anaesthesia with very short hospitalization.

Aged↗