Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Operating Tables”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The thrombo-embolic risk in surgery.

Postoperative deep-vein thrombosis can lead to fatal pulmonary embolism on one side, and the development of a disabling postthrombotic syndrome, which can occur after some time. General thrombo-embolic prophylaxis can reduce the risk of postoperative thrombo-embolic complications. Predisposing factors include age, obesity, immobilization and recumbency. Cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, venous disorders, diseases associated with increased viscosity of blood, past deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms, some infectious diseases with raised fibrinogen levels, and inherited or acquired clotting factor deficiency syndromes (antithrombin III, protein C, protein S) have an elevated risk of thrombosis. The surgery itself, when taking more than 20 minutes and performed under general anesthesia, is a major risk factor, as proven initiation of thrombosis is often on the operation table. Patients receiving regional or local anesthesia have a clearly reduced risk of thrombosis. After general surgery without thrombosis prophylaxis, a deep-vein thrombosis can be demonstrated by the fibrinogen uptake test in about 30% of all patients over the age of 40. After abdominal surgery an incidence of thrombosis of 14-33%, and after hip surgery an incidence of nearly 50%, have been established by means of the fibrinogen uptake test. However only 10% of these thromboses are expressed clinically. We therefore recommend Liquid Crystal Contact Thermography, which has a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of over 80%, as a non-invasive, easily performed screening method in the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis. Apart from the physical methods, the use of heparin is also indicated in thrombo-embolic prophylaxis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

[Increasing compartment pressure in tibial intramedullary nailing. A phenomenon inherent in the therapy?].

At the Department of Surgery of the Bergmannsheil Hospital, a total of 58 patients treated with intramedullary nailing were reviewed with reference to the condition of the soft tissue. During intra- and postoperative treatment a bilateral fasciotomy was required in 8 patients. The subfascial pressure in the deep flexor compartment measured in 11 patients during secondary closed placement of intramedullary nails showed a slight increase of pressure in the deep flexor compartment from 8 mmHg to 40 mmHg after extension of the leg positioned on the operating table. After reduction the pressure increased significantly, from 50 mmHg to 80 mmHg. The postoperative pressure measured after 20 min was less than 50 mmHg in 9 patients. In 2 patients with manifest compartment syndrome (compartment pressure greater than 50 mmHg) immediate fasciotomy was required. Besides commonly known traumatic effects, parameters inherent in the therapy caused an increase in compartment pressure were critically reviewed with reference to their clinical relevance. The reasons for an increase in compartment pressure during closed placement of intramedullary nails in the lower leg are high position of the leg (hydrostatic effect), stretching of the soft tissue by reduction (decrease of volume), and possibly hematoma with outflow into the deep flexor compartment (increase of content).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Anesthesia in reoperations in abdominal surgery].

Fifty one patients from different surgical units, hence anesthetized by different anaesthesists, underwent reinterventions in abdominal surgery. The indications for the first intervention essentially involved the supra-mesocolic region of the abdomen (62 out of 100 cases). The operative risk during the first intervention was on the average 18 pour cent. The protocol of the first anaesthesia which was known in 42 cases, was of the narco-ataralgestic type. The date of the return to the operation table varied from 1 to 60 days. The state of the patients was in general catastrophic (organic renal failure, acute respiratory failure). Here again the anaesthesia was of the narco-ataralgesic type but the choice of drugs varied depending on the patients' state. However non significant difference was noted in the average hourly drug consumption between the two interventions. Apart from one circulatory arrest during induction, in one patient with hemorrhagic shock, no death was attributable to the anesthetic technique. The authors, using these findings, attempt to pick out a practical line of behaviour.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

[Intraoperative diagnosis of the heart and great vessels--measuring blood flow and angiocardiography].

Among the methods for intraoperative diagnosis during cardiac surgery, flow measurements and angiography are of significant value. According to our experience, the electromagnetic method is the leading technique for judging bypass flow after coronary artery surgery; new trends using ultrasound techniques are promising. An exact demonstration and documentation of the operative situation, (e.g., bypass surgery) is only possible using intraoperative cinecoronary angiography. A wall-mounted unit provides excellent pictures; the method, however, is elaborate, expensive, and confined to one operating table only. Thus, a transportable angiography unit is desired that uses digital spot imaging for better evaluation. Recent developments such as intraoperative angioscopy, thermoangiography, and two-dimensional echocardiography present a promising outlook.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1990

[Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) at the Graz University Clinics: development and dosimetry of an applicator system].

The use of high energy electron beams for intraoperative radiotherapy necessitates special technical adjustments of the conventional megavolt equipment. At the University Clinic of Radiology, Division of Radiotherapy in Graz, an applicator system for electron energies up to 20 MeV and cone diameters up to 14 cm was developed. A self modified commercial operating table was used instead of the treatment couch to guarantee optimum mobility for the docking maneuver. The technical set-up of this adaptor system as well as the dosimetric considerations and calculations will be presented in detail.

Austria↗
PubMed1990

[Pre- and postoperative antihypertensive treatment with calcium antagonist in pheochromocytoma].

Medical preparation for pheochromocytoma surgery requires adrenergic blockade and restoration of euvolemia. Usually, this preoperative preparation consisted essentially of sequential and progressive adrenergic antagonism, alpha then beta blockade. This therapy is not easy to introduce and exposes to blood pressure collapses after tumor removal. By contrast, calcium channel blocking drugs like dihydropyridines offer efficacy and safety. Moreover, new intravenous (IV) agents (nicardipine, diltiazem) provide useful therapeutic tools to control, rapidly and with a dose-dependent effect, any undesired hemodynamic event during surgery. As a demonstration of this new therapeutic strategy for management of pheochromocytoma resection, we report here the cases of two patients who were exclusively treated with dihydropyridines. A 61 year-old woman and a 41 year-old man were scheduled for pheochromocytoma resection (left and right adrenal tumors, respectively). Both patients received dihydropyridines for preoperative preparation (nicardipine and nifedipine, respectively, 60 mg/day). This treatment allowed a good control of arterial blood pressure (BP) (from 210/110 to 170/90 and 180/100 to 140/80 mmHg, respectively) and was maintained up to the morning of the operative day. After patient installation on the operating-table, IV nicardipine infusion was started (2 mg/hour). Anesthesia consisted of high doses of fentanyl, flunitrazepam and vecuronium. Hemodynamic measurements (radial artery and Swan ganz catheters) allowed adjustment of nicardipine infusion rate to maintain peripheral arterial resistances under 1,000 dynes.s.cm-5, and adequate volume loading. A hypertensive crisis (270/130 mmHg) occurred at the time of the intubation in the first case but responded to higher infusion rate of nicardipine (5 mg/10 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

The interaction between severe hypercapnia and hypoxia.

Rabbits were divided into 6 groups according to concentration of the test gases (O2-CO2-N2 gas mixture) used; 0%-5%-95%: 0% group, 1.0%-5.1%-93.9%: 1% group, 2.0%-10.3%-87.7% and 1.9%-20.6%-77.5%: 2% groups, 3.1%-5.1%-91.8%: 3% group, 4.1%-5.1%-90.8%: 4% group. In addition to the normocapnic groups, two hypercapnic groups (10% and 20% groups) were included. After an intravenous injection of urethane for anesthesia, the rabbit was fixed on its back on an operating table and the trachea was cannulated. Animals inhaled the test gases through a cylindrical unidirectional valve box connected to the cannula. Blood samples were drawn from the catheterized femoral artery. The length of time to the onset of apnea became shorter as the O2 concentration became lower. The 0%, 1%, and 20% CO2-added 2% groups became apneic within 1 min. The effect of severe hypercapnia was marked. The 20% CO2 group became apneic much sooner than the 10% CO2 group. The onset of apnea was much later in the 3% and 4% groups, and in these groups a steady state PO2-level was observed. The PO2 values in the steady state were 17 mmHg for the 3% group and 21 mmHg for the 4% group. The PO2 value at apnea was about 10 mmHg in the O%, 1%, and 10% CO2-added 2% groups. The effect of severe hypercapnia on this variable was also observed, the value in the 20% group being 15.8 mmHg. Apnea ensued immediately following a strong inspiratory effort which was diagnosed as apneusis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Anesthesiological complications in patients with pathology of the spine and spinal cord].

The incidence, character and causes of intraoperative complications were studied in 689 patients operated upon for traumas and diseases of the spine and spinal cord. The postural hypotensive reactions and unstable hemodynamics were referred to most frequent complications caused by errors in preoperative examinations and preparation, anesthesia technique, nonphysiological position of the patients on the operative table. The preoperative estimation of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system and adaptative potencies of the cardiovascular system allow prognosis for postural reactions to be made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A technique for the transfer of retinal images from the mirror of a contact lens.

In 1965 Rene Dufour developed a method for the direct transfer of retinal images reflected in the mirrors of a contact lens to retinal drawing paper. The retinal images are drawn on the reverse side of semi-transparent paper that is oriented such that the sector of the retinal diagram is aligned with the mirror of the contact lens that is viewing the sector. The images can be drawn exactly as they are seen in the mirror. When the drawing is viewed right-side-up over a light box, the detail is oriented correctly. The method is valuable for the precise localization of retinal breaks that are discovered through the slit-lamp microscope but are too small to be seen by indirect ophthalmoscopy. The breaks can be oriented in relation to other fundus detail large enough to be seen through the ophthalmoscope and then found at the operating table without the aid of a microscope.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1977

[Inhalation of regurgitated fluid during anesthesia].

Since the observations of HALL in 1940 and MENDELSON in 1946 numerous clinical and experimental reports have completed our knowledge of the consequences of inhalation of fluid during anesthesia. Apart from the pulmonary signs, this syndrome includes cardiovascular signs. The course of the pulmonary disease is often unfavourable. Frequently, diagnostic problems are raised a posteriori in the light of respiratory distress and abnormal pulmonary radiological signs. It is then sometimes difficult to distinguish the role of the position on the operating table, the role of massive transfusion without adequate filtration, a state of shock, or unrecognised inhalation of fluid. The various problems are exposed. The interest of prevention and treatment is discussed.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1986

[Transurethral resection of the prostate in benign prostatic hypertrophy].

Transurethral resection (TUR) is generally accepted as the best treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy. In spite of the improvement of instruments in recent years, TUR requires skill and experience to be mastered. The irrigating fluid system, operating table and chair, and other equipment in our clinic are reported. These instruments are important to carry out smooth TUR. We use the Stern-McCarthy resectoscope in our clinic, because we prefer a finger-controlled instrument to a spring-cutting instrument. The outline of our technique for TURP and results of 314 clinical cases are reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion combined with anticancer chemotherapy as prophylactic treatment of peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer.

We have conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion with mitomycin C (CHPP-M) as prophylactic treatment of peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer. Between January 1983 and October 1985, 82 patients with macroscopic serosal invasion but no macroscopic peritoneal metastasis undergoing potentially curative resection of gastric cancer, were divided into two groups by random sampling: 42 patients were scheduled to receive CHPP-M, while 40 would not receive such treatment. The CHPP-M was administered immediately after closure of the abdomen following gastric resection, while the patient was still on the operating table under general anesthesia. The 5-year survival rate (71.5% of the patients in the CHPP-M group was higher than that (59.7%) of those in the control group. Although postoperative follow-up periods are not long enough, the longer survival obtained in the patients treated with CHPP-M should be emphasized, since no effective means of preventing peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer is so far available.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effect of carbon dioxide on the changes in blood pH during hypoxia.

The change in blood pH during hypoxia was examined using rabbits. Rabbits were divided into 4 groups according to the test gases used (O2 5.1%: CO2 5.4%: N2 89.5%, O2 4.9%: N2 95.1%, O2 2.0%: CO2 5.6%: N2 92.4% and O2 1.9%: N2 98.1%). After an intravenous injection of urethane, the rabbit was fixed on its back on an operating table and the trachea was cannulated. Animals inhaled test gases through a cylindrical unidirectional valve box connected to the cannula. Blood samples were drawn from the catheterized femoral artery. The duration of exposure was 90 min. The animals in the CO2-added 5% O2 group survived the exposure, while only 2 animals survived in the CO2-free 5% O2 group. There was a difference of about 5 mmHg in the blood PO2 between both 5% O2 groups. There was also a marked difference in the time course of changes in the hydrogen ion [( H+]) concentrations between the groups. The [H+] in the CO2-free group began to increase after an initial fall and exceeded the value of the other group, reaching acidotic levels. The acidosis (metabolic) was considered to have been caused by the accumulation of lactic acid. Under the present experimental conditions the contribution of hypoxia to this acidosis was considered to be greater than that of hypocapnia. The animals in the 2% O2 groups died by the 11 min after the start of exposure. In the CO2-free group neither hypercapnia nor acidosis was observed during the exposure. The PO2 values at apnea were about 10 mmHg in both groups.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

[Direct cholecystography after laparoscopic cholecystostomy in acute cholecystitis].

Direct cholegraphy was performed after laparoscopic cholecystostomy in 82 patients. It should be conducted on the operating table if proper fixation of the draining tube is doubtful, but, mainly, on the fourth or fifth postoperative day. Double contrasting of the biliary tract with air and a contrast medium produces the best result.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Spread of local anaesthetic solutions following sacral extradural (caudal) block: influence of posture.

Extradural sacral (caudal) block was performed in 17 cases (14 patients) of chronic low back pain. In each case 22 ml of a bupivacaine/methylprednisolone solution incorporating a radioopaque dye was injected over a 2-min period. Patients were randomly assigned to receive the injection in the horizontal position or with 15 degrees head-up or head-down tilt applied to the operating table. Results indicate that analgesia is usually more localised than spread of solution determined by x-ray evidence and that higher levels of analgesia are achieved in patients in the head-up position. Possible causes are the differing distribution characteristics of the constituents of the solution and the gravitational effects of posture on cerebrospinal fluid mechanics. Technical problems associated with obesity, congenital abnormalities, vascular uptake of solution, and delayed spread of the injectant due to adhesions are discussed.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1989

[Rare complications in primary echinococcosis].

We presented two cases of complication of the echinococe cyste various localizations which are very rare. We had not managed to get the real alignosis before the operation. Only on the operating table we found cut that, at the first case, echinococe cyste ruptured on the lateral upper right part of the peritoneum, in the projection of the right livu lobus. In the second case we found out the rupture of echinococ cyste on the lower right part of liver lobus because of the pressure of distended hepatal ways and vesicae fellae. This work is of great importance because of rearness of the first localization of echinococ cyste, and specially of the rupture of the cyste, while in the second case the importance is in the rare rupture of echinococ cyste in hepatal ways which could conduct to sanation, but it caused, the opstruction of papillae. Vateri and progrediant icterus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fistulisation of an iliac pseudoaneurysm into the appendix. Presentation of a case and a review of the literature.

A case of ilioappendiceal fistula is presented. The patient had previously been operated on for a ruptured aneurysm of the common iliac artery. 21 years later he developed occult gastrointestinal bleeding without signs of infection. Colonoscopy revealed bloody faeces and an isotope scan haemorrhage in the ascending colon. Laparotomy and right hemicolectomy was performed without identifying the fistula. The head of the appendix was left attached to the scarred peritoneal wall. As the bleeding continued, a second laparotomy was performed revealing an iliac pseudoaneurysm with fistulisation into the head of the appendix. Vascular reconstruction was attempted, but the patient succumbed to massive bleeding on the operating table.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1989

[Subarachnoid anesthesia in cesarean section].

The use of subarachnoid anesthesia in Cesarean section in spite of its long history only now gains popularity. It is due to better knowledge of physiology and anatomy of a pregnant woman an the use of new local anesthetics and better needles for spinal anesthesia in clinical practice. Analgesia comprising segments Th4-S5 of the spinal cord provides painless operation and good muscle relaxation. In spinal anesthesia, unless there is arterial hypotension, intervillous flow increases. It is very important to prevent the syndrome of inferior caval vein by means of sloping the operating table by 15-20 degrees to the left, proper hydrating the patient, putting a wedge under the right hip, shifting the uterus to the left or putting the patient on right or left side. Analgesia consists in administering a local anesthetic into subarachnoid space. In this kind of analgesia the time elapse between the incision of skin and that of uterus muscle does not have a significant influence on the condition of newborns, which is contrary to general anesthesia. The time elapse between the incision of uterus muscle and extracting the fetus is a very significant factor both in spinal and general analgesia. The course of analgesia is very much influenced by preventing hypotension. It is done by fast infusion of 1500-2000 ml of electrolyte fluids within about 20 min., and the use of ephedrine. The prophylaxis of headaches consists in the use of very thin needles in spinal anesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗