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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Occlusal survey in a group of Tanzanian adults.

The aim of this study was to describe the occlusion pattern among Tanzanian adults. A total of 906 subjects aged 19-84 years from Ilala District, in Dar es Salaam were clinically examined. The variables studied included molar occlusion, overjet, overbite, open bite, crossbite, crowding, spacing and diastema mediale. Most of the subjects, 94%, had Angle's Class I molar occlusion. Transversal occlusal anomalies were rare. Spacing was more prevalent than crowding. Diastema mediale occurred in 32% of the subjects. Anterior open bite and spacing were the most prevalent conditions in the study group. Although crowding was prevalent, the results indicate an optimal sagittal occlusion with spacious maxilla and mandible. The frequencies found in this study were of a different pattern when compared with those reported previously in different populations. This suggests the need for a more comprehensive inter-ethnic groups study to confirm the differences and examine their implications to clinical and anthropological use.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Electromyography of the perioral and masticatory muscles in orthodontic patients with atypical swallowing.

Subjects with an open bite and an atypical swallowing pattern before (n = 20) and after (n = 10) orthodontic treatment and subjects with a normal swallowing pattern (n = 15) were examined. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the upper and lower lips in the region of the modiolus and of the mentalis, masseter and temporal muscles was evaluated during the swallowing of saliva and of water and after the chewing of peanuts as well as during maximal biting in intercuspal position. During swallowing the atypical swallowers exhibited larger EMG activities of the perioral muscles and smaller EMG activities of the masticatory muscles than the control subjects. During maximal biting in intercuspal position, major EMG activity of the masseter and temporal muscles and minor EMG activity of the perioral muscles were recorded in both groups. No normalization of the electromyographic swallowing pattern could be observed during orthodontic treatment (closure of the open bite).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Obwegeser II method for correction of mandibular prognathism. Case reports.

In case of severe mandibular prognathism with open bite requiring more than 15 mm of mandibular posterior repositioning, it is said that the sagittal splitting methods (Obwegeser I method (1955, 1957) and Obwegeser-Dal Pont (1958) method) are not indicated. In our two cases manifesting severe mandibular prognathism with open bite we performed the Obwegeser II (1964) method. In one of these case we performed partial tongue resection to prevent postoperative relapse. The desired results with regards to facial appearance and occlusion were achieved in both cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Prevalence of malocclusion in mentally retarded young adults.

Occlusal anomalies were recorded in 218 mentally retarded young adults, aged 13-19 yr. Down's syndrome was diagnosed in 37 cases. Among the Down's syndrome individuals 41% had mandibular overjet, 54% mesial molar occlusion, 38% frontal open bite and 65% crossbite. Also, the mentally retarded subjects without Down's syndrome had markedly increased frequencies of some of the anomalies when compared to normal individuals. Thus, 27% had extreme maxillary overjet, 6% mandibular overjet, 17% mesial molar occlusion, 23% frontal open bite and 29% crossbite. Orthodontic dental service for the mentally retarded has been neglected for a long time. Though many factors may contraindicate treatment, it should in many cases be possible to improve the dental situation for this group, thereby helping these patients to a better oral function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Influences of nasal respiratory obstruction on craniofacial growth in young Macaca fuscata monkeys.

This study was conducted to investigate the influences of artificial nasal respiratory obstruction on craniofacial growth in young Macaca fuscata monkeys. Eleven monkeys were used; seven monkeys served as the experimental animals and the remaining four as the control animals. Further, the experimental animals were divided into light and heavy obstruction groups. Nasal respiratory obstruction was created by injecting dental impression material into the nasopharyngeal region. Nasal respiratory function was evaluated in terms of nasal airway resistance. Craniofacial structure in the experimental monkeys was compared with the control animals by means of cephalometric analysis. Nasopharyngeal respiratory obstruction was associated with downward and backward rotation of the mandible, upward and backward growth of the condyle, divergent gonial angle, anterior open bite, and spaced dental arch in the lower anterior region. These changes were significantly greater in the experimental monkeys with heavy respiratory obstruction. The current findings support the hypothesis that nasal obstruction existing before and during pubertal growth may result in permanent craniofacial deformities pertinent to skeletal open bite.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1993

A potential role for costo-chondral grafting in adults with mandibular condylar destruction secondary to rheumatoid arthritis--a case report.

Little attention has been directed towards reconstruction of the mandibular condyles in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis, other than with allogenic implants which are now known to cause serious complications. There is a relatively high incidence of condylar erosion and breakdown in rheumatoid arthritis, often leading to anterior open bite and retrognathia. Costochondral grafting does not appear to have been considered as a logical option for reconstruction, despite its high success rate in many other situations. A case is described of rapid bilateral condylar destruction occurring in a young woman with rheumatoid arthritis, leading to anterior open bite. Reconstruction was undertaken using bilateral costochondral grafts, giving an excellent clinical result which has been maintained over the follow-up period of two-and-a-half years. Radiologically complete healing of severe glenoid fossa erosion has taken place.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of the craniofacial complications of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

Variable degrees of macroglossia have been noted in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Past studies have shown that a major effect of the macroglossia is protrusion of dentoalveolar structures, resulting in an anterior open bite and a prognathic mandibular appearance secondary to an abnormally obtuse gonial angle and increased effective mandibular length. In our series of 11 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome patients we have observed that early correction of the macroglossia by means of partial glossectomy has resulted in decreased anterior open bite and mandibular prognathism as compared with patients managed conservatively.

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Assessment of orthodontic treatment needs by teenagers in an Asian community in Singapore.

The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the preference of dental occlusion types among teenagers, and (2) their assessment of the necessity for orthodontic treatment. A total of 1189 teenagers (mean age 15.3 +/- 3.2 years) were asked to rank a series of colour photographs of seven occlusion types. Their ranking, in descending order of attractiveness, were as follows: Class I occlusion, anterior open bite, Class III occlusion, Class II occlusion, anterior spacing, anterior crowding and deep bite occlusion. The perceived need for treatment was found to be inversely correlated with the rank order of attractiveness. There appeared to be no statistical difference (P less than 0.05) in the perception for treatment among different racial and income groups. However, with the exception of anterior open bite and deep overbite occlusions, a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) greater number of females than males perceived a need for treatment. Assessment of occlusal disharmonies among teenagers could provide clinicians and health care personnel with an indication of the relative attractiveness among occlusion types and hence the establishment of treatment priorities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Stability of midface augmentation: an experimental study of musculoskeletal interaction and fixation methods.

This study examined stability of vertical midface augmentation when different methods to alleviate potentially distracting muscles were used. Eighteen adult monkeys underwent Le Fort I osteotomy with interpositional bone grafts. One group had wire fixation of the maxilla and bone graft. A second group underwent a similar procedure with the addition of myotomies of the masseter and temporalis muscles. A third group wore a bite-opening appliance before downgrafting. A fourth group underwent downgrafting with rigid internal fixation. Serial cephalograms with the aid of bone markers were used to assess postsurgical change. The results showed that the animals who underwent rigid fixation had the most stable results, followed by the myotomy and bite-opening appliance groups. The animals who underwent wire fixation with no supplemental procedures had gross relapse, resulting in an average retention of only 15% of the surgical change by 12 weeks.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

Increase of vertical dimension--consequences for the maxillomandibular relationship. A clinical approach.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the vertical change in the incisor and molar areas caused by insertion of a bite opening appliance and to analyse the occurrence of rotation and eruption during the following treatment period (mean 4.3 months). Eight patients between 15 and 24 years of age with vertical overlaps > or = 4 mm were treated by means of a maxillary fixed lingual arch appliance with an anterior bite plane. The retruded mandibular position was recorded with cold cure acrylic before treatment, immediately after insertion of the fixed appliance, and after removal of it. Vertical overlap and separation between the first molars was measured at each of these occasions. Finally, tooth movements during eruption were measured on the indices in the area of the second molar. The results showed that, independent of the amount of bite raise, the relation between frontal and molar area bite raise was approximately 2:1 for six and 5:3 for two patients. There was a significant difference in thickness of indices from registrations I and III in the second molar area indicating not only eruption during bite opening therapy but also buccolingual rotation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Application of porcelain veneers following orthodontic treatment.

To date, porcelain laminate veneers have been used primarily to solve esthetic problems. As bonding materials and veneer restoration techniques have improved, however, functional demand has now been accepted. Porcelain laminate veneers have been applied to compensate for the limitations of orthodontic treatment. In order to allow optimum functional movement of the mandible, anterior and lateral guidances are required in the maxillary dentition. These guidances provide pathways for the opposing mandibular teeth. Anterior and canine guidances have been established by means of veneer placement, and no broken restorations have been observed in the past four years. When diastema spaces have recurred subsequent to orthodontic space closure, they have been restored with porcelain veneers so effectively that no relapse has been observed. This paper also examines instances where small lateral incisors have caused a discrepancy in the tooth size ratio between the upper and lower arches. Porcelain veneers were placed to harmonize the tooth size and to stabilize the occlusion. Relapse sometimes occurs after orthodontic tooth alignment. Over correction, therefore, is usually applied for rotated teeth, anterior deep or open bite, and Class II or III molar relationships. Some malocclusions, however, cannot be over corrected. For example, the spacing between the teeth, such as diastema, can easily reopen because it is impossible to apply over correction once space closure has been achieved. The same is true of lateral open bites, because occlusal contact cannot be corrected properly. In these cases, the patient must wear a retainer for longer than usual, and/or permanent splints must be used to stabilize the occlusion. Another causal factor of relapse is dysfunctional occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Long-term follow-up of clinical symptoms in TMD patients who underwent occlusal reconstruction by orthodontic treatment.

Fifty-eight patients (mean age 18.4 years) who had received splint therapy for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were examined retrospectively to investigate the efficacy of occlusal reconstruction by orthodontic treatment. The subjects were divided into three groups: 18 patients (mean age 18.6 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment combined with the use of splints (ST group); 27 patients (mean age 18.2 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment without the use of splints (NST group); and 13 patients (mean age 17.9 years) who received only splint therapy for temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD; control group). TMJ sound, pain on movement and restriction of mandibular movement were examined at the initial examination (T1), at the end of the splint therapy for TMD or beginning of orthodontic treatment (T2), at the end of orthodontic treatment (T3), and at recall or 1 year after orthodontic treatment (T4). The following results were found. (1) The percentage of patients with no joint sound at T2 was 20-30 per cent. The percentage of such patients in both the ST and NST groups increased to over 50 per cent at T3, but slightly decreased to 39-50 per cent at T4. There were no significant inter-group differences at any time point. (2) The number of patients who had no pain on movement at T2 was 60-80 per cent. The percentage of such patients in both the ST and NST groups increased to over 90 per cent at T3, but then slightly decreased to 80 per cent at T4. There were no significant inter-group differences at any time point. (3) None of the patients showed restriction of movement of the TMJ at T2 or T4. One patient in the ST group was found to have restriction at T3. There were no significant inter-group differences at any time point. (4) The most frequent type of malocclusion in both ST and NST groups was anterior open bite. These results suggest that TMD symptoms that have been eliminated by splint therapy are not likely to recur due to subsequent orthodontic treatment, but it cannot be concluded that orthodontic treatment itself had a positive effect on TMD symptoms. The results also indicate that there is a relationship between anterior open bite and TMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Rapid palatal expansion for the treatment of maxillary constriction].

Rapid Palatal Expansion (RPE) has become a classical technique yielding a morphological expansion similar to that obtained with bone distraction. This non-surgical approach based on the application of dental bands take advantage of incomplete closure of facial sutures in children, especially the palatal suture, which opens under the pressure of the appliance. Semi-rapid expansion, 0.5 mm expansion per day for 15 days, is a compromise between pain and efficiency. The morphological expansion assures correction of maxillary width, even when only two bands are used. The etiology is often difficult to determine but interestingly, mouth breathing is associated in a large number of patients. The consequences of this ventilatory dysfunction are complex and involve increased posterior rotation, maxillary and mandibular developmental disorders, sleeping disorders and nocturnal enuresis behavior and at the dental level a characteristic open bite. RPE is not a perfect solution, but it does allow recovery of transversal growth by mechanical enlargement. Palatal expansion also widens the nasal cavity which becomes more permeable to airflow. Nasal breathing becomes easier but still requires retraining. Spectacular effects on dento-facial development can be observed, including closure of open bite and reorientation of mandibular growth. Stability is particularly dependent on the success of functional correction. A global approach, considering both the morphological and functional aspects of the problem is required to achieve harmonious and stable correction. Early treatment (7-8 Years old) provides excellent results. RPE can be performed at an older age (13 to 14) but with less spectacular effects on growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A diagnostic index of vertical problems for Class III malocclusions.

A cephalometric investigation was undertaken to derive a vertical indicator--a single value derived from a series of cephalometric variables that can be used in the differential diagnosis of Class III patients. The subjects consisted of 76 Japanese female patients whose chief complaint was anterior crossbite and who presented with either open bite or anterior deep overbite. All the data were derived from the initial lateral cephalometric radiographs. The main skeletal measurements that characterize vertical problems were selected using cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and discriminant analysis. As a result, a Class III vertical indicator was derived. The vertical indicator score for deep overbite was -2.5 +/- 2.2, whereas the vertical indicator score for open bite was +2.5 +/- 2.3. This vertical indicator may be used in diagnosing the nature of vertical problems and determining the appropriate treatment and prognosis for the individual Class III female patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of fixed anterior biteplane therapy--a radiographic study.

Orthodontic treatment of eight overbite cases with a maxillary fixed lingual arch appliance with anterior biteplane involved a reduction in overbite of 4 to 7 mm between the upper and the lower front teeth and a first molar separation of 2 to 4 mm. After a treatment period of 3.5 to 5 months, occlusal contact between the upper and the lower molars was established. The appliance was then removed, and permanent overbite reduction was secured with an edgewise appliance. With the subtraction technique, 15 temporomandibular joints were radiographically investigated in the retruded position for change of condylar position on the glenoid fossa before and directly after insertion of the appliance, as well as after achieved molar contact. All condyles changed position directly after the bite opening, indicating that pure rotation did not occur. The direction of movement varied not only between subjects but also between the two condyles of each subject. With one exception, none or very small further positional changes occurred during treatment. No imaged signs of hard structure remodeling were observed. It may be concluded that other factors than change of condylar position must be responsible for the therapeutic effect of the bite-opening appliance that has been demonstrated in an earlier study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Non-osteogenic malocclusion after anatomic reduction and miniplate rigid fixation in condylar neck and subcondylar fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To analysis the cause of malocclusion that was found in patients suffering from condylar neck and subcondylar fractures after perfectly anatomic reduction and rigid fixation. METHODS: There were 23 cases of malocclusion in the patients of condylar neck and subcondylar fractures after anatomic reduction and rigid fixation during 1994 to 2001. The possible reasons were studied, and the treatment methods were proposed. RESULTS: Both distortion and(or) fracture of miniplates and displacement anain of the condylar process after operation were not found in all 23 cases. There were 6 cases of open bite at the molar teeth of the fractured side, while the normal occlusions were showed in the nonfractured side. 11 cases showed that the whole mandibles were moved slightly to the nonfractured side. 4 cases showed that the mandible of fractured side moved slightly to the nonfractured side and the occlusion of nonfractured side were normal. 2 cases showed premature contact at the fractured molar teeth and the anterior teeth showed open bite. There were 5 cases of facial nerve damages, 2 cases wound infection, 2 cases TMJ chronic pain and 1 cases TMJ click and(or) murmur. CONCLUSIONS: Although the anatomical reduction and miniplate rigid fixation were operated on the condylar neck and subcondylar fractures, there were probably having the chance of showing malocclusion. The malocclusion was not caused by the fracture itself, but in the TMJ and/or muscular injury. Therefore, the malocclusion can be cured with intermaxillary elastic traction and functional exercise. Sometimes, the occlusal adjustment may be performed to resume the normal occlusion. In any case, operation is not needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Malocclusion in the deciduous dentition of Caucasian children.

In this study the occlusal characteristics of the deciduous dentition in a sample of young children were investigated to determine whether consensual trends exists, and if the occlusal characteristics in the primary dentition may be considered as acceptable predictors for occlusal relationships in the permanent dentition. Four hundred and seven boys and three hundred and eighty-two girls aged 4-6 years participated in the epidemiological study. Recording of the occlusal traits was made according to the method described by the Fédération Dentaire Internationale in 1973, adapted to the primary dentition. Lack of space was frequent (24 per cent in the upper anterior segments), as well as lateral crossbites (16 per cent), excessive overjet of 6 mm or more (6 per cent), Class II relationships (26 per cent) and anterior open bites (37.4 per cent). Obvious similarities could be seen with other investigations on occlusal traits of the primary dentition of Caucasian children. Cross-comparison with available data suggest that the development of the occlusion is a continuum for many aspects, with most of the major occlusal trends characterizing the permanent dentition in Europoid populations detectable at early stages. The striking difference in the primary dentition was the much higher prevalence of anterior open bites: this is the only figure expected to decrease dramatically in the permanent dentition. With due reservation inherent to the nature of epidemiological data on malocclusion and their interpretation, it is concluded that, provided the patient's cooperation is satisfactory, early attention may be given to malocclusion, but should mainly be focused on lateral crossbites and sagittal malrelationships.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2004

[The relationship between oral habits, oronasopharyngeal alterations, and malocclusion in preschool children in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil].

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion and associated variables such as deleterious habits (DH) and oronasopharyngeal alterations (OA), mouth breathing, atypical phonation, and atypical swallowing in three-year-old children in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The sample included 291 children of both sexes enrolled in a Children's Educational Center and selected through probability sampling by conglomerates. Logistic regression indicated a high relative risk (RR) in children with altered overjet, open bite, and cross-bite to present mouth breathing (RR = 1.89; CI: 1.56-2.03), (RR = 2.46; CI: 2.00-3.02), (RR = 1.45; CI: 1.23-1.72); atypical swallowing (RR = 2.57; CI: 1.87-3.52), (RR = 3.49; CI: 2.53-4.81), (RR = 1.86; CI: 1.46-2.39); and atypical phonation (RR = 2.25; CI: 1.66-3.05), (RR = 3.18; CI: 2.38-4.25), (RR = 1.71; CI: 1.32-2.22), respectively. An association was shown between finger or pacifier sucking and altered overjet (p < 0.001), and between pacifier sucking and open bite (p < 0.001). Such results indicate that the prevalence of malocclusions is associated with DH and OA.

Brazil↗