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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The effect of an oil drilling operation on the trace metal concentrations in offshore bottom sediments of the Campos Basin oil field, SE Brazil.

The concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Ba, V, Sn and As in offshore bottom sediments from the Bacia de Campos oil field, SE Brazil, were measured at the beginning and at 7 months after completion of the drilling operation. Concentrations of Al, Fe, Ba, Cr, Ni and Zn were significantly higher closer to the drilling site compared to stations far from the site. Average concentrations of Al, Cu, and in particular of Ni, were significantly higher at the end of the drilling operation than at the beginning. Comparison between drilling area sediments with control sediments of the continental platform, however, showed no significant difference in trace metal concentrations. Under the operation conditions of this drilling event, the results show that while changes in some trace metal concentrations do occur during drilling operations, they are not significantly large to be distinguished from natural variability of the local background concentrations.

Brazil↗
PubMed2001

Antimicrobial properties of garlic oil against human enteric bacteria: evaluation of methodologies and comparisons with garlic oil sulfides and garlic powder.

The antimicrobial effects of aqueous garlic extracts are well established but those of garlic oil (GO) are little known. Methodologies for estimating the antimicrobial activity of GO were assessed and GO, GO sulfide constituents, and garlic powder (GP) were compared in tests against human enteric bacteria. Test methodologies were identified as capable of producing underestimates of GO activity. Antimicrobial activity was greater in media lacking tryptone or cysteine, suggesting that, as for allicin, GO effects may involve sulfhydryl reactivity. All bacteria tested, which included both gram-negative and -positive bacteria and pathogenic forms, were susceptible to garlic materials. On a weight-of-product basis, 24 h MICs for GO (0.02 to 5.5 mg/ml, 62 enteric isolates) and dimethyl trisulfide (0.02 to 0.31 mg/ml, 6 enteric isolates) were lower than those for a mixture of diallyl sulfides (0.63 to 25 mg/ml, 6 enteric isolates) and for GP, which also exhibited a smaller MIC range (6.25 to 12.5 mg/ml, 29 enteric isolates). Viability time studies of GO and GP against Enterobacter aerogenes showed time- and dose-dependent effects. Based upon its thiosulfinate content, GP was more active than GO against most bacteria, although some properties of GO are identified as offering greater therapeutic potential. Further exploration of the potential of GP and GO in enteric disease control appears warranted.

Allyl Compounds↗
PubMed1969

Combined effects of diphenyliodonium chloride, pine oils, and mustard oil soaps on certain microorganisms.

Bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities of an emulsion containing 10.0% (v/v) terpineol, 0.5% (w/v) diphenyliodonium chloride, 11.0% (v/v) ethyl alcohol, and 5.62% saponified mustard oil were tested against a number of different types of organisms. The bactericidal concentration for Salmonella typhosa was 1:400. In the presence of 5.0% horse serum, it increased to 1:250. The bacteriostatic concentration varied from organism to organism; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus required 4,000 mug/ml for complete bacteriostasis, whereas Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Salmonella paratyphi-A, and Shigella required only 2,000 mug/ml for complete inhibition. A 4.0% concentration of the emulsion killed the spores of Bacillus subtilis within 6 hr.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1990

[Riems foot-and-mouth disease oil emulsion vaccines for swine. 2. Use of foot-and-mouth 2-component oil emulsion vaccines in practice].

Riems FMD two-component oil emulsion vaccine was subcutaneously applied (5 ml) under field conditions to 855 store pigs of different age groups (trivalent--O1, A5, C). It produced early onset of lasting strong immunity against the three above FMD virus types. General condition of the animals and their body weight development were not adversely affected. Pea-size to walnut-size vaccination granulomas were recorded on slaughter as locally delimited reactions in 15 to 20 percent of vaccinated animals and were found to be morphologically correlated to adjuvant action. They were easily removed from the carcasses by excision of the vaccination point, with only minor loss of slaughter substance.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of water pollution by oil and oil products on barrier functions of bacterial cell cytoplasmic membranes].

The effects of oil, diesel fuel, and kerosene on the electroorientational spectra and osmo-optical characteristics of bacterial cells were studied. Electroorientational spectra were found to be affected over the entire frequency range studied; changes in low-frequency (< 100 kHz) electroorientation were related to alterations in the cell surface, and those in high-frequency electroorientation, to the impairment of the barrier function of the plasma membrane. The membranotropic activity of petroleum products was also demonstrated by the osmo-optical method. Of nine bacterial species studied, Pseudomonas fluorescens VKM B-894, P. oleovorans VKM B-1522, and P. stutzeri VKM B-903 were most susceptible to the membranotropic action of kerosene; P. putida VKM B-1292 was the most resistant. Other bacterial strains studied were moderately sensitive.

Cell Membrane Permeability↗