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PubMed1975

[Adenocarcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in woodworkers, an occupational disease? (author's transl)].

A 59-year-old carpenter, 44 years in his profession had an adenocarcinoma of the ethmoids. Similar cases have been described previously in foreign literature. This disease has been accepted as an occupational disease in England. The question is whether this disease, provoked by fine wood-dust may be observed in Germany too; whether the chemical wood ingredients and those being produced during fine-sanding may be carcinogenic. In gaschromatograms the wood ingredients have been demonstrated using oak and beech wood. It is proposed that comparable cases be collected in Germany in order to have a sufficient number of cases for a statistic base. This would make it possible to add this disease to the German list of occupational diseases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Women's mental health: implications for occupational therapy.

This article describes issues of sexism in the mental health profession. Theoretical bias in psychiatry and the sociopolitical status of women are both linked to the inappropriate mental health treatment of women. A relational model of women's psychological development is offered as an alternative theoretical perspective for understanding the mental health needs of women. Ways to integrate this perspective in occupational therapy practice are included.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance of exposure tests in diagnosis of occupational asthma].

Twenty-eight patients aged from 32 to 60 years, including 18 female and 10 male, were examined because of bronchial asthma suspicion. They were employed in different professions, but more of them worked as baker or nurse. An occupation time was from 11 to 32 years, but first symptoms of bronchial asthma were noticed after 7-28 (mean 14 yrs.) years of work. At all patients the exposure test (inhalatory challenge) with some substances selected by disease history was performed. This above mentioned substances were mechanically polluted in air to simulate an occupational circumstances. The exposure was persisted from 5 to 30 minutes, according to observed disease symptoms. Spirometric tests were performed in 2 and 30 minutes after exposure, but in baker group also in 4 and 8 hours. At 26 patients a decrease higher than 20% of starting values of FEV1 was determined. In most cases there were immediate reactions, and at baker group--dual reactions. At two examined subjects no response of bronchial tree was observed but only burning of mucosa and cutaneous pruritus. For this reason at this group a diagnose of allergy to examined substances was established. Other ones 26 patients were diagnosed as occupational bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Including the family perspective in sensory integration outcomes research.

Occupational therapy, along with other health and rehabilitation professions, is experiencing an increased emphasis on measurement of intervention outcomes. The results of outcomes research are being used to develop practice guidelines, set standards for reimbursement, and justify health care policy. The outcome assessments used by therapists reflect our belief systems and the assumptions about behaviors we expect to influence. Using a sensory integration perspective to illustrate key points, we present a conceptual framework that is based on the disablement framework and Coster's occupational functioning for children model. We highlight the need to examine each of the multiple levels at which intervention may influence child and family function and the links among levels. Sensory integration theory and efficacy studies are reviewed to identify assumptions relative to how sensory integration affects the everyday occupations of children in the context of their families. Potential research methods and assessments are suggested to include the family perspective in outcome studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The deprofessionalization of Soviet physicians: a reconsideration.

Traditional explanations for the relatively low status of the Soviet medical profession credit the Bolshevik government in the 1920s with deprofessionalizing or "leveling" a once autonomous and powerful occupational group. This article presents new data which challenge that interpretation. The Russian medical profession was never autonomous and powerful. Many physicians cooperated with the Bolsheviks because of shared beliefs regarding the organization of medical care. By the late imperial period, many physicians advocated the inclusion of all medical workers in policy-making administrative organs. Focusing upon Russian psychiatrists, the author analyzes the events that prompted the profession to adopt this position. The finding of greater continuity between prerevolutionary Russian and Soviet physicians suggests that this presumably anomalous case has greater significance for theoretical models of professionalization and occupational prestige than previously supposed.

Communism↗
PubMed2002

An organizational case study of the case manager's role in a client's return-to-work programme in Australia.

The purpose of this study was to examine the case manager's role in a return-to-work programme in Sydney, Australia. The investigators examined the case manager's role assumed by occupational therapists, physiotherapists, psychologists and rehabilitation counsellors when providing occupational rehabilitation services. Files of closed cases (n=172) were examined to investigate the relationship between the case manager's profession and return-to-work outcomes. It was found that the provider of occupational rehabilitation examined in this study achieved above-average return-to-work rates (83%), with no significant difference between case managers. There was, however, a significant relationship between the client's type of injury and the case manager (p<0.001), and case length was significantly different between case managers (p=0.004). The occupational therapist had the largest case management load (43%), followed by the rehabilitation counsellor (23%). There were trends (0.05<p<0.1) between the case manager's profession and return to the same employer, and return to pre-injury, modified or new duties. The provider allocated cases on the basis of professional expertise and skill, which proved to be successful. The provision of workplace-based occupational rehabilitation services combined with case management provides a comprehensive and attractive package to employers and other referrers. Further research is required to investigate factors associated with case management that improve return-to-work outcomes.

Australia↗
PubMed1984

Multicompetent allied health professionals: current approaches and suggestions for baccalaureate level programs.

A study of the need for multicompetency was conducted by the University of Florida College of Health Related Professions among the graduates of its baccalaureate programs in dietetics, medical technology, occupational therapy, and physical therapy. Most responding dietitians, physical therapists, and occupational therapists said they had felt a need during their professional practice to be competent in areas outside their profession, while most responding medical technologists did not feel such a need. The respondents listed those areas outside their profession in which they had felt a need for competency. This article also describes current approaches to the education of multicompetent allied health professionals and suggests new strategies for educating these personnel at the baccalaureate level.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Occupational health nursing research. An overview from January 1990 to December 1999.

Occupational health nursing research contributes to the scientific knowledge base, shapes practice guidelines, lends credibility to the profession, and ultimately benefits worker health and work settings. This descriptive study reviewed occupational health nursing research published from January 1990 through December 1999 in the AAOHN Journal. A single investigator reviewed all articles published during the 10 year period to determine if they qualified for inclusion by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. During the 10 year period, a total of 577 articles were published in the AAOHN Journal (the official journal of the American Association for Occupational Health Nurses) with 146 (25.3%) considered to be reports of research. Cumulatively, 261 RNs were authors of the research articles. Of the 146 research articles, 88% addressed the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) priorities, 60% addressed the 1989 AAOHN priorities, and 65% addressed the 2000 AAOHN priorities. Occupational health nursing research is performed primarily by graduate and postgraduate level nurses working either alone or with nurse co-investigators. The occupational health nursing research articles addressed NORA priorities often. However, the outcomes focused priorities of AAOHN were addressed less often. Much has been accomplished in the field of occupational health nursing research and more remains to be performed to ensure a strong research base for occupational health nursing practice.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1992

Culture, theory, and the practice of occupational therapy in New Zealand/Aotearoa.

In the context of contemporary New Zealand, this paper discusses the need for occupational therapy to substantiate its claims of being a holistic profession with particular reference to the Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand (referred to by the Maori as Aotearoa). In this era of accountability and consumer choice, occupational therapists need to more effectively meet the cultural needs of their clients through an understanding of both the material and nonmaterial aspects of their cultures. However, for New Zealand occupational therapists, cultural sensitivity is not enough to contribute to changing the diminished life chances of the Maori. It is proposed in this paper that the Model of Human Occupation (Kielhofner, 1985; Kielhofner & Burke, 1980), when combined with the work of radical community educators such as Freire (1972), could provide the sociopolitical dimension to New Zealand practice. The Model of Human Occupation is examined in light of current occupational therapy practice in New Zealand. It is argued that this model, when accompanied by a broader understanding of the sociopolitical processes informing monoculturalism, could be seen as a suitable framework for understanding cultural differences in New Zealand and could assist in the move toward providing culturally appropriate occupational therapy for indigenous peoples such as the Maori.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed2004

Trends in US smoking rates in occupational groups: the National Health Interview Survey 1987-1994.

It is unknown if reductions in U.S. adult smoking rates are uniform across occupational groups. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a multistage area probability cross-sectional survey of the U.S. civilian population. Data on occupational and smoking status were collected on 141122 adult participants from the 1987, 1988, and 1990 -1994 NHIS annual surveys. Overall smoking rates ranged from 58% in roofers to 4% in physicians, with higher rates found among blue collar professions. There were reductions in smoking from 1987-1994 within 72% of occupational groups; 19 of these downward trends were significant and occurred exclusively within white collar professions. Blue collar workers continue to smoke in large numbers, whereas white collar workers report lower rates along with corresponding significant downward trends in rates among selected occupational groups. The development of effective smoking prevention strategies targeting blue collar groups is needed.

Adult↗