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PubMed2005

Telepsychiatry with child welfare families referred to a family service agency.

A telepsychology and telepsychiatry service, using ISDN interactive video H.320, providing psychological consultations for the Family Resource Center in Farmington, New Mexico, was evaluated. During the first year of service, 56 individuals participated including University of New Mexico staff, Family Resource Center staff and clients. Consultations involved children from families referred by the Children, Youth and Family Department (CYFD) in New Mexico. Telemedicine was used in some child abuse cases. This study investigated whether the quality and acceptance of telemedicine consultations were comparable to face-to-face interactions in a group referred by a state child welfare agency. Participants received formal written consultation reports after the video conferencing sessions, which included a number of recommendations. Participants were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire to rate various aspects of videoconferencing. The participants rated the university staff as involved, enjoyed the Family Resource Center staff's presence, felt the procedure was useful for evaluation purposes, found the format allowed for discussions of problems, and felt that the format was useful when compared to face-to-face consultations. The participants also said they had followed up on many of the recommendations. Videoconferencing appears to be a viable approach for providing consultation for families referred by a state child welfare agency. Several participants rated the session as both educational and consultative compared to simply therapeutic.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Coexistent thyroid cancer and pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: A study was performed to determine the appropriate time for the initiation of therapy for thyroid carcinoma first diagnosed during pregnancy. DATA SOURCES: Material on thyroid cancer cases was obtained from the New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, a computerized population-based registry for the state of New Mexico, and the Indian reservation facilities in New Mexico and Arizona (a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry funded by the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md) for the period 1970 to 1991. STUDY SELECTION: All cases of thyroid cancer, except medullary and anaplastic, in patients aged 18 to 46 years were evaluated. Subgroups were established for (1) all women who were noted to be pregnant at the time of their initial diagnosis and (2) all women with thyroid cancer in the 18- to 46-year-old age group. DATA EXTRACTION: The information was extracted by a certified tumor registrar for age, sex, thyroid cancer, specific type of thyroid cancer, period, race, year of diagnosis, accession date, last date seen, tumor status, treatment, and patient status. DATA SYNTHESIS: There have been no deaths in the pregnant group with a follow-up ranging from 0.5 to 20 years. There was no statistically significant difference in observed survival rates between the pregnant group and 465 women, aged 18 to 46 years, with comparable thyroid cancers or in the death rates of women aged 18 to 67 years in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment for patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosed during pregnancy can be delayed until after parturition.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Geographic distribution and genetic diversity of Whitewater Arroyo virus in the southwestern United States.

The purpose of this study was to extend our knowledge of the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of the arenavirus(es) associated with Neotoma species (woodrats) in the southwestern United States. Infectious arenavirus was recovered from 14 (3.3%) of 425 woodrats. The virus-positive species included N. albigula in New Mexico and Oklahoma, N. cinerea in Utah, N. mexicana in New Mexico and Utah, and N. micropus in Texas. Analyses of viral nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data indicated that all the isolates were strains of the Whitewater Arroyo virus, an arenavirus previously known only from northwestern New Mexico. Analyses of the sequence data also indicated that there can be substantial genetic diversity among strains of Whitewater Arroyo virus from conspecific woodrats collected from different localities and substantial genetic diversity among strains from different woodrat species collected from the same locality.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Water availability and usage on the New Mexico/Mexico border.

New Mexico, one of four states on the U.S./Mexico border, is faced with a pressing concern--lack of water. Since the region is either arid or semiarid, it is chronically short of continually available surface-water resources. Groundwater resources are used beyond their capacity to be recharged, and most surface-water resources are used to the maximum. The quality of groundwater varies widely. As a result of nonpoint- and point-source contamination, as well as natural occurrence, water in some areas is too salty or has high levels of natural uranium, fluoride, or arsenic. To date, the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) has recognized 1,400 cases of groundwater contamination, and 1,907 water supply wells have been affected (NMED, 2001a). Of approximate 4,000 miles of coninously flowing rivers and streams in New Mexico, 92 perent are affected by nonpoint sources of pollution (NMED, 2001b). Numerous critical water issues exist along the New Mexico/Mexico border as a result of the impending critical issue of water availability, usage, and quality, as well as the fast-growing population. Related public health problems along the New Mexico/Mexico border are indicative of the need for a holistic, concrete, and sustainable solution to meet water demands in New Mexico. In order to accomplish the goals an objectives of Border XXI, Healthy People 2010, and Heathy Border 2010, a comprehensive statewide water management plan is needed. Solutions to the water demands of the region will be addressed in a subsequent manuscript.

Health Planning↗
PubMed2001

Trichinella infection in wildlife of the southwestern United States.

Several potential mammalian reservoirs of sylvatic species of Trichinella were examined from Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. During 1998-99, tongues were collected from a black bear (Ursus americanus) in Arizona; from 9 black bears, a coyote (Canis latrans), and a mountain lion (Felis concolor) in New Mexico; and from 154 coyotes, 32 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 13 opossums (Didelphis marsupialis), 4 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), 3 bobcats (Lynx rufus), and 5 feral hogs (Sus scrofa) in southern Texas. Larvae of Trichinella murrelli were identified by a multiple-polymerase chain reaction analysis in 1 black bear (11.1%) from New Mexico and in 7 coyotes (4.5%) of Texas, whereas Trichinella spiralis larvae were detected in the black bear of Arizona. This is the first report of Trichinella infection in wildlife of New Mexico and Texas and extends the distribution of T. murrelli into the southwestern United States near the border of Mexico.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Elderly health disparities on the U.S.-México border.

The Ageless Health Needs Assessment is a multi-phase project designed to assess the health and quality of life of the 60 and older population along the U.S.-México border. The present study used a health survey, which was administered to 1,450 participants by telephone and through face-to-face interviews in Western Texas and Southern New Mexico. Several demographic differences were found between the samples: 52% of the Texas sample was Hispanic compared to 23% of the New Mexico sample; 63% of the Texas sample was born in the U.S. compared to 92% of the New Mexico sample; and Texans reported less education and lower incomes than New Mexicans. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four health-related factors, which were labeled Physical Health, Emotional Health, General Health, and Activity Potential. A MANCOVA showed significant differences between groups after controlling for socioeconomic status and age.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Awareness of zero tolerance laws in three states.

PROBLEM: A prior study indicated that zero tolerance laws differ in their enforceability and likelihood of enforcement, with California's law being easier to enforce than New York's, and New Mexico's being the hardest of all. The question is, do these differences in enforcement affect teenagers' knowledge and perception of these laws? METHOD: A telephone survey was conducted to investigate awareness of the laws among 17-20 year olds in these three states and perceptions of enforcement. RESULTS: Estimated percentages of teenagers who knew of the laws were much higher in New York and California (71% and 65%, respectively) than in New Mexico (34%). Perceptions that police were enforcing the law, that licenses could be suspended, and that penalties were often applied were also lowest in New Mexico. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The potential of zero tolerance laws will not be realized without better awareness among young people. Full enforcement of the laws accompanied by publicity about the enforcement is recommended. Changes to the laws and their application may encourage enforcement efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Relationship of AcrySof acrylic and PhacoFlex silicone intraocular lenses to visual acuity and posterior capsule opacification.

PURPOSE: To compare the changes in visual acuity and the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) with AcrySof acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) (Alcon Laboratories) and second-generation PhacoFlex silicone IOLs (Allergan ). SETTING: Eye Associates of New Mexico and Southwest Colorado, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. METHODS: Medical charts of patients having cataract extraction with implantation of an AcrySof MA30BA or MA60BM (MA30/60) or PhacoFlex SI-30NB or SI-40NB (SI-30/40) IOL between January 1995 and June 1997 were abstracted. Analyzed were the changes in visual acuity and development of PCO 1 month postoperatively and at the last available ophthalmologist visit or the visit before neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy. RESULTS: Patients with MA30/60 acrylic IOLs were significantly older, had a worse preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and had more concomitant ocular diseases than those with SI-30/40 silicone IOLs. The change in BCVA from preoperatively to 1 month postoperatively was equivalent in the 2 lens groups. The BCVA declined from 1 month postoperatively to the last recorded or pre-Nd:YAG visit. This decline was greater in eyes with SI-30/40 silicone IOLs than in those with MA30/60 acrylic IOLs. Although the decrease in BCVA between IOL types was not significantly different, eyes with a SI-30/40 silicone IOL were significantly more likely to develop PCO and have Nd:YAG capsulotomy. Eyes developing PCO had a statistically significant decline in BCVA from 1 month postoperatively to the last/pre-Nd:YAG visit. CONCLUSIONS: The MA30/60 acrylic lenses were associated with lower PCO and Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates than second-generation SI-30/40 silicone IOLs. Patients with MA30/60 IOLs also tended to have less of a decrease in visual acuity than patients with SI-30/40 silicone lenses, probably as a result of the difference in PCO rates between groups.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2005

Child behavior after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To study the behavior of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) before and after adenotonsillectomy using a standardized behavioral rating scale completed by caregivers. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study of children with OSAS at the University of New Mexico Children's Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico. METHODS: Children between 2.5 and 18 years of age were included in the study and underwent adenotonsillectomy if the results of polysomnography showed an obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) of 5 or greater. Caregivers completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) before surgery and a second time within 6 months of surgery. Pre- and postoperative BASC t scores were compared using a paired t test. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the contributions of several covariants to these change scores. RESULTS: The study population included 52 children. The mean age was 7.1 (range 2.5-14.9) years, and the mean AHI was 16.2 (range 5.0-88.0). Preoperative mean BASC t scores for all behavioral scales and composites were greater than 50. The behavioral scales that showed significant improvement after adenotonsillectomy were aggression, atypicality, depression, hyperactivity, and somatization (p < or = .001). Age, ethnicity, parental education, parental income, and AHI were not correlated with changes in BASC scores. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of children with OSAS have externalizing (hyperactivity and aggression) and internalizing (anxiety, depression, and somatization) behavioral problems. These problems improve significantly after adenotonsillectomy. The improvement is dramatic regardless of sex, age, ethnicity, parental education, parental income, or the relative severity of OSAS.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1986

Controversy over the supervision of dental hygienists: impact on a community-based sealant program.

In 1983, the New Mexico Board of Dentistry ruled that the New Mexico Health and Environment Department's sealant program violated its rules and regulations concerning the supervision of dental hygienists. The state was forced to reduce the number of children served by the program to comply with the decision. Attempts to secure a revision of the rules and regulations to accommodate the needs of public programs were unsuccessful. Relief eventually came through the revision of the Dental Practice Act itself to permit general supervision of all dental hygienists. The supervision controversy was an explosive political issue between dentists and dental hygienists that had negative repercussions for the state dental public health preventive program.

Community Dentistry↗
PubMed1976

Arbovirus surveillance in six states during 1972.

A virus surveillance project was established and maintained during 1972 along 10 major river drainages in six states. Mosquitoes, biting flies, and blood specimens from sentinel equines were collected during 83 field trip visits to 141 arthropod collecting sites and 22 sentinel locations from April into December 1972. There were 173,074 mosquitoes tested and 303 arboviruses isolated from 11 of 41 species. From 13,388 biting flies tested, 8 arbovirus isolations were obtained in 1 of 5 species. There was no isolation of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus. Western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus isolates were the most numerous and were followed by Turlock, St. Louis encephalitis, Hart Park, California encephalitis, and Bunyamwera (BUN) group viruses. The first isolation of WEE from the mosquito Cullex (Mel). erraticus is reported, as is the extension of the ranges for Buttonwillow virus from California to New Mexico and Texas. Also a single isolation of the BUN group from Culicoides variipennis extends the range of this virus-vector relationship from California to Texas. New distribution records for mosquito species previously unreported for Arizona, Louisana, New Mexico, and Oklahoma are reported. The sentinel burros detected WEE serologic conversions at two sites in New Mexico and at one in Texas. The surveillance project provided state and federal officials with current information on the status of arbovirus activity, including the absence of VEE activity during 1972, and it demonstrated the existence of the potential for WEE epizootics and epidemics throughout a wide geographic area of the Western United States.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Genetic and ecological dynamics of species replacement in an arid-land river system.

Museum records indicate that Hybognathus placitus was introduced into the Pecos River, New Mexico during the early 1960s. Approximately 10 years later, a congener, Hybognathus amarus, was extirpated from the system. We used microsatellite and mtDNA data, ecological data and modelling, and a computer simulation approach to reconstruct the history of invasion and species replacement. To identify the potential role of hybridization and introgression, we genetically screened H. amarus (n = 389) from the Rio Grande, New Mexico, and H. placitus (n = 424) from the Pecos River, New Mexico using four nuclear microsatellites and a partial fragment of the mtDNA ND4 gene. Assignment tests excluded hybridization as a primary factor in species replacement and suggested a role for interspecific competition. Genetic analyses showed that H. placitus were introduced into the Pecos River from at least two genetically distinct source populations in the Canadian and Red rivers, Oklahoma. Lotka-Volterra models of interspecific competition indicated that the number of founding individuals could have been as few as 20 for H. placitus to have competitively displaced H. amarus in the Pecos River in 10 to 15 generations. Observed differences of allele frequencies between source and founder populations indicated that between 32 and 115 H. placitus individuals founded the Pecos River. Genetic and ecological data suggest that interspecific competition could have led to species replacement in this arid-land river system.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prediction of lung function in Hispanics using local ethnic-specific and external non-ethnic-specific prediction equations.

We compared locally derived prediction equations for the FVC and FEV1 in Hispanics with external prediction equations derived from non-Hispanic whites. Algebraic subtraction of the external non-Hispanic equations from the New Mexico Hispanic equations showed that the differences would vary with age and height. The study population included 442 patients with Hispanic surnames between the ages of 25 and 80 yr evaluated at the University of New Mexico Hospital pulmonary function laboratory. We calculated percent predicted values for FVC and FEV1 using spirometric prediction equations from a New Mexico Hispanic population and from non-Hispanic white populations in Salt Lake City, Tucson, and six other U.S. cities. We employed either 80% of predicted or the lower fifth percentile as the criterion for separating normal from abnormal values. We found that the concordance of the classifications by the external and internal equations varied among the external equations and with the criterion used for abnormality. The classification of the FVC and FEV1 as normal or abnormal was influenced by the regression equation in about 5 to 10% of the subjects. Subjects with discordant classifications were not clearly predicted by age or height, although they tended to be at the extremes of the age and height distributions. This study shows that classification of lung function by locally derived ethnic-group-specific prediction equations may lead to a differing clinical categorization for some persons in comparison with external non-ethnic-group-specific equations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Fossils come to life in Mexico.

New insights into ancient life came by land and sea at the 60th annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, held here from 25 to 28 October. Stunningly preserved fossils from Mongolia gave contrasting views of dinosaur family life, while biomechanical models clocked the swimming speed of cruising ichthyosaurs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Catastrophic hemorrhage on sternal reentry: still a dreaded complication?

BACKGROUND: To define the incidence of catastrophic hemorrhage (CH) during reoperations, the experience of the University of New Mexico was reviewed and compared with the practice of surgeons contacted by questionnaire. METHODS: At the University of New Mexico, 610 reoperations were reviewed and 210 deemed high risk because of multiple reoperation, aneurysm, patent grafts, chamber's enlargement, conduit or previous mediastinitis. In the questionnaire, we asked about reentry technique, occurrence and outcome of CH, and precautions for high-risk patients. RESULTS: At the University of New Mexico there were 4 CH with 1 death, and in the questionnaire there were 2,046 CH with 392 deaths. Our rate per surgeon was lower than that of the questionnaire. Rate of CH according to the saw was 2.09 for reciprocating, 2.0 for sagittal, and 1.74 for stryker in the questionnaire. Our rate was lower (0.65) with a micro sagittal saw. High-risk category predicted CH during sternotomy (p = 0.01) but only conduit (p = 0.005) was significant by univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of CH could be as high as 1%. The sagittal micro oscillating saw is the safest reported to date. Presence of a conduit increases the risk by 2.5 fold.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Margotrema guillerminae n. sp. (Trematoda: Macroderoididae) from two species of freshwater fishes in Lake Zacapu, Michoacan State, Mexico, and new records of Margotrema bravoae Lamothe, 1970.

Margotrema guillerminae n. sp. is described from the cyprinid Hybopsis calientis and the goodeid Alloophorus robustus from Lake Zacapu, Michoacán State, in the Mesa Central of Mexico. The new species is easily distinguished from the only other species of the genus, M. bravoae, by having short ceca, extending posteriad to reach the region of the anterior testis, vitelline follicles that are mainly lateral to the ceca but with some intercecal (particularly at the ovarian region), and a seminal receptacle that is located immediately posterior to the ovary. Previous records of Urorchiinae gen. sp. and Margotrema sp. from Alloophorus robustus from Lake Pátzcuaro refer to M. bravoae, which appears to be specific to members of the Goodeidae.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Fat distribution and blood lipids in a sample of healthy elderly people.

The cross-sectional sample consisted of data for 41 white men and 63 white women, 67-92 years of age who were healthy volunteer participants in the Aging Process Study at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The variables consisted of anthropometric measures of body fatness, blood lipids and blood pressures. Correlations were computed between principal component scores, ratios of body circumferences, W/S2, blood lipid values and blood pressures for each sex. In the men, the significant correlations were of the abdomen/hip and abdomen/thigh ratios with W/S2, and the principal component scores with HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure. In the women, the abdomen/hip ratio had a low negative correlation with HDL cholesterol but a low positive correlation with triglyceride levels. The principal component scores also had low correlations with blood pressure and triglycerides. Multiple regressions were used to determine further associations between risk factors and fat distribution indices. In the men, the relationships of age and levels of body fatness with HDL cholesterol were much stronger and more complex than those with triglyceride or systolic blood pressure. In the women, only HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were associated with abdomen/hip ratio after removing the effects of overall fatness. The present findings indicate that a large abdominal circumference, implying a correspondingly large internal adipose tissue deposit, produces negative health alterations in blood lipid levels in this sample of elderly individuals. In younger adults, these changes are considered to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Sensitivity of multiple-cause mortality data for surveillance of deaths associated with head or neck injuries.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Multiple-cause mortality data was assessed as a source of information for surveillance of deaths associated with head or neck injuries. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: 1985-1986 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Data on causes of death were abstracted from death certificates in New Mexico and coded according to criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9). Deaths with an external cause-of-death (E) code as the underlying cause of death and one or more head or neck injury nature-of-condition (N) codes as contributing causes of death were considered head or neck injury deaths. These data were compared with data for head or neck injury deaths obtained from computerized records from the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator (OMI). Data for alcohol or drug use were abstracted from both systems. RESULTS: Of the 699 head or neck injury deaths coded by the New Mexico OMI system in 1985-1986, 536 were identified as head or neck injury deaths in multiple-cause mortality data (sensitivity = 76.7%). Firearms were the leading cause of head or neck injury deaths, followed by motor vehicles. Multiple-cause mortality data contained alcohol codes for only 3.7% of OMI records with blood alcohol concentrations > or = 0.10 mg/dL and contained drug codes for none of the OMI records with positive toxicology tests for drugs. INTERPRETATION: The sensitivity of multiple-cause mortality data was relatively high for surveillance of head and neck injury deaths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accidental Falls↗