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PubMed1990

[Clinical psychopathology, psychiatric diagnosis and therapy in psychiatry].

Clinical psychopathology has a diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. On the level of phenomenology one has to deal with four paradoxes. 1. The paradox of gradual transition from normality towards pathology versus the occurrence of symptoms of a new quality, 2. the paradox of nosological nonspecificity of various symptoms versus typical constellations of special symptoms for certain diseases, 3. the paradox of pure and typical symptoms and diseases versus symptoms and diseases which are mixed and non typical. 4. The paradox of the prevalence of psychopathological phenomena versus prevalence of somatic phenomena in one and the same disease. On the level of etiology one must face the fact that there are not only typical endogenous, exogenous (organic) and psychogenic syndromes. Neurotic symptoms may have an endogenous cause. Therefore neuroses may be treated effectively with antidepressants.

Delusions↗
PubMed1994

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: admission patterns and diagnostic stability. A case-register study.

All first-time admissions from 1970 to 1986 with obsessive-compulsive neurosis (OCD) (ICD-8 diagnosis number 300.39) or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) (ICD-8 diagnosis number 301.49) were analyzed based on an extract from the nationwide Psychiatric Case Register in Denmark. All patients with secondary diagnoses other than neurotic disorders or personality disorders (including "neuroses characterogenes") were excluded from the study. A total of 284 patients were first-time admitted with a main diagnosis of OCD during the period. The sex ratio was 0.67 (males/females). A total of 126 were first-time admitted with a diagnosis of OCPD, with a sex ratio of 1.18 (males/females). Seventy-seven percent of the readmitted patients with a first-time diagnosis of OCD kept a diagnosis within the "emotional spectrum" at the last admission. About half kept OCD as a main diagnosis, whereas only 15% shifted to a severe psychiatric diagnosis such as schizophrenia or manic-depressive psychosis. Of the readmitted patients with OCPD, 13% later developed a diagnosis of manic-depressive psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Psychiatric diagnosis in Japan. 1. A study on diagnostic labels used by practitioners.

In a questionnaire survey, a list of 64 psychiatric diagnostic labels was presented to 20 randomly selected Japanese psychiatrists affiliated to a university department of psychiatry. For each label, they were asked (2) whether they used it in everyday practice, (b) whether they rarely used it but would do so if faced with such a case, or (c) whether they had never and would never use it. It was found that these Japanese psychiatrists used a relatively small number of diagnostic categories; in their classificatory system, functional mental disorders would be dichotomized into psychoses and neuroses with the former further divided into schizophrenic, atypical and manic-depressive psychoses, and the latter divided into seven subcategories, i.e., anxiety neurosis, hysteria, depressive neurosis, phobia, obsessive compulsive neurosis, depersonalization neurosis and hypochondriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental-psychological study of prognostication in neurotic patients].

Experimental and psychologic examinations of 35 neurotic patients revealed errors in the prediction, including the probability one, the nature and the degree of these errors depending on the type of neurosis. Use of a complex of methods helped to detect the contribution of prediction to the mechanisms of psychologic compensation and internal picture of the disease. The data may be used in psychotherapy of neuroses.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Ecclesiogenic neuroses and psychoses in adolescence. On the complicated detachment problems of adolescents from rigorously moralizing, Christian-religious movements.

In the child and adolescent psychiatric department of Bern University Clinic, between 1982 and 1986 42 adolescent male and female patients were admitted for in-patient treatment. 9 of them (21.4%) came from Christian-religious sects. This was all the more surprising as the proportion of marginal Christian-religious groups in the population was 1.4% in the population census in the canton Bern in December 1980. This noticeably over-proportional accumulation was taken as a reason for carrying out an analysis of the case histories. It was shown that the patients from the circles of Christian sects became either obsessive-compulsive neurotically, anorectically or psychotically ill in puberty and that a very strictly moralizing upbringing by the parents was present which led to an aggravation of the relation conflict with the parents in the detachment and separation-process in puberty. By means of three case reports the problem of ecclesiogenic neuroses and ecclesiogenic psychoses in adolescence was gone into and the conclusion was made that the religious conflicts must be given increased attention in the therapeutic dealings with the patients concerned with the inclusion of members of the family and also persons of reference outside the family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Symptoms of neuroses: profile patterns and factor structure of clinic attenders with non-psychotic functional psychiatric disorders.

Consecutively referred out-patients (n = 102) with non-psychotic functional psychiatric disorders were examined. Nine syndrome scores (panic attack, phobic anxiety, generalized anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, dissociative, conversion, somatoform, depersonalization, and depressive) showed patterns corresponding to ICD-10 diagnoses. However, some also showed moderate correlations between each other. Factor analysis revealed that the nine syndrome scores could be accounted for by three factors-anxiety and somatic, depression and obsessive-compulsive, and hysterical. These findings cast doubt on the nosological specificity of the recent categorization of neurotic disorders. Furthermore, the symptom constellations identified in this study may be culture-bound.

Adolescent↗