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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

What is your diagnosis?: Multifocal subcutaneous tumors in a young male baboon.

A juvenile male baboon (Papio cynocephalus anubis), while being held in quarantine prior to research assignment at the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), presented with three soft tissue masses on the right elbow, wrist, and knee on routine physical examination. The masses were subcutaneous and did not appear to cause any discomfort to the animal. An excisional biopsy of the knee mass was submitted for histopathologic analysis and found to be poorly defined, rapidly growing, and of undetermined histogenesis. Euthanasia was elected, and a full necropsy done with samples collected for histopathologic analysis. By immunohistochemistry, the "large" cells in the masses were suggestive of a mesenchymal, nonmacrophage origin because of their being positive for vimentin and negative for cytokeratin and the macrophage maturation marker CD68. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were seen on HE-stained sections and corresponded to aggregates of ovoid to brick-shaped viral particles on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which proved to be the key diagnostic tool for this case. The masses were determined to be Yaba monkey tumor virus (YMTV)-induced "benign histiocytomas" by TEM.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Malignant lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease in baboons (Papio sp.).

Four cases of spontaneous malignant lymphoma and one of Hodgkin's lymphoma in baboons at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research were studied and described. These cases were in animals of both sexes that varied in age from 6 to 25 years, and were in residence at the Foundation from 2 to 24 years, during which time there was no known exposure to carcinogenetic agents. Attempts to isolate an etiological viral agent or demonstrate viral particles in lymphoid tissue were unsuccessful.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Acute disseminated fatal toxoplasmosis in a squirrel monkey.

Acute disseminated toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in an adult male squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). The disease was characterized by severe pulmonary edema, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, and multifocal areas of necrosis along with Toxoplasma organisms in the lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, and heart. Small numbers of organisms were found in bone marrow, renal glomeruli, and renal tubular epithelial and interstitial cells. Small numbers of organisms also were associated with foci of hemorrhage in the brain. The source of the infection was not determined.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cone-rod dystrophy in the Guinea baboon.

Three stages of macular degeneration associated with diffuse cone-rod dystrophy have been described in a Guinea baboon (P papio) colony. Clinically, the affected animals displayed abnormal behavior associated with decreased vision. Ophthalmoscopically, the lesion in the macula was the only change observable in early cases; retinal vessel attenuation and optic disc pallor were seen only in the advanced cases. The hyperfluorescence of the maculae was the result of loss of pigment in the pigmented epithelium. Electrophysiology supported a cone-rod sequence of this retinal dystrophy. Histologic examination confirmed the theory that the dystrophy began in the cone outer segment but eventually involved all the photoreceptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Schistosoma mansoni induces in the Kenyan baboon a novel intestinal pathology that is manifestly modulated by an irradiated cercarial vaccine.

Light and scanning electron microscopic study of intestines of 5 baboons (Papio anubis) in a state of acute schistosomiasis mansoni after exposure to 800 cercariae was made. In addition to overt granulomatous inflammation in the mucosa of the colon and ileum, more subtle microscopic lesions consisting of smooth muscle hypertrophy and villous atrophy were present. The intensity and distribution of these lesions were less marked in 5 baboons previously vaccinated with 40,000 30-krad-attenuated cercariae and presenting a 39% mean protection level measured as a percent reduction in adult worms recovered from mesenteric vasculature at perfusion. No similar lesions were observed in 2 normal uninfected and nonvaccinated baboons. These results are comparable to what has been reported in mice infected by Schistosoma mansoni. The data indicate that villous atrophy, hypertrophy of muscularis mucosa, nd goblet cell hyperplasia are important pathological changes to be included in the evaluation of the efficacy of schistosomiasis vaccines in the baboon model, together with the routine adult worm recovery from mesenteric blood vessels and the overt liver and bowel pathology.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Pilot studies with human interferon in Herpesvirus saimiri-induced lymphoma in owl monkeys.

The nature of Herpesvirus saimiri-induced disease in owl monkeys is described with emphasis on those biological parameters useful in monitoring the disease. These parameters are lymphocyte response to general mitogens, lymphocyte-infective centers, and antibody to virus-associated early antigen. Human interferon was used in treating owl monkeys with virus-induced leukemia. In 2 animals evidence was obtained that suggested a positive antileukemic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

(-)-OSU 6162 inhibits levodopa-induced dyskinesias in a monkey model of Parkinson's disease.

We have studied the effects of two D2 dopamine receptor-selective compounds, (-)-OSU 6162 and raclopride, on levodopa-induced dyskinesias in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Three monkeys developed a severe parkinsonian syndrome following administration of MPTP. In response to daily levodopa treatment the animals developed reproducible and idiosyncratic peak-dose dyskinesias. Pretreatment with (-)-OSU 6162 and raclopride, in doses increased by multiples of three, both dose-dependently relieved the levodopa-induced dyskinesias. However, in contrast to when raclopride pretreatment was given, (-)-OSU 6162 pretreatment did not induce akinesia. Our investigation suggests that (-)-OSU 6162 may be useful an an adjuvant treatment to levodopa in advanced Parkinson's disease to selectively combat levodopa-induced dyskinesias without affecting the antiparkinsonian response.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed2006

Considering human-primate transmission of measles virus through the prism of risk analysis.

Measles is a respiratory virus that is endemic to humans. Human-nonhuman primate (NHP) transmission of the measles virus has been shown to cause significant morbidity and mortality in NHP populations. We investigated serological evidence of exposure to measles virus in two free-ranging populations of macaques at the Bukit Timah (BTNR) and Central Catchment Nature (CCNR) reserves in Singapore and the Swoyambhu Temple in Katmandu, Nepal. At BTNR/CCNR none of the 38 macaques (Macaca fascicularis) sampled were seropositive for antibodies to measles virus. In contrast, at Swoyambhu 100% (n = 39) of the macaques (M. mulatta) sampled were seropositive for antibodies to the measles virus. Here the contrasting seroprevalences of the two sites are analyzed using risk analysis. These case studies show how risk analysis can be used to approach the phenomenon of cross-species pathogen transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Gene-mutated HIV-1/SIV chimeric viruses as AIDS live attenuated vaccines for potential human use.

To develop an AIDS vaccine for human use as well as a suitable animal model for AIDS research, we constructed a series of HIV-1/SIVmac chimeric viruses (SHIVs). We successfully generated a SHIV (designated as NM-3rN) having the HIV-1 env gene, which enabled the evaluation of the efficacy of HIV-1 Env-targeted vaccines in macaque monkeys instead of chimpanzees. Two NM-3rN derivatives (NM-3 and NM-3n) induced long-term anti-virus immunities without manifesting the disease. The monkeys vaccinated with NM-3 or NM-3n became resistant to a challenge inoculation with NM-3rN. Serum from a monkey vaccinated with NM-3 neutralized not only the parental HIV-1 (NL432), but also an antigenically different HIV-1 (MN). In vivo experiments confirmed the heterologous protection against an SHIV having the HIV-1 (MN) env. In addition to specific immunity including neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, nonspecific immunity such as natural killer activity is associated with this protection. These data suggest that the live vaccine has the ability to protect individuals against various types of HIVs. These SHIVs should contribute to the development of future anti-HIV-1 live vaccines in humans.

AIDS Vaccines↗