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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Fundamental studies on the subrenal capsule assay as chemosensitivity test for nonsolid tumors].

Fundamental evaluation of the subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) method in nonsolid tumors was made, using two types of murine malignant ascites. Malignant ascites were obtained from mice bearing M-5076 ovarian reticular cell sarcoma or MH-134 hepatoma. These tumor cells were allowed to settle by standing at 4 degrees C to form a jelly-like clot. This clot was cut into fragments about 1mm3 in size and one of these fragments was mashed in trypan blue to estimate the viability grade of the implanted tumor cells. The rest of the fragments were implanted beneath the renal capsule of the mice. On the 6th day after implantation, the assay mice were killed, the increase in the size of the tumor was determined and histological examination was carried out. The results were as follows: (1) The clot was formed reproductively by allowing ascites to settle for one or two days and there was a high viability rate for the tumor cells: 79.9 +/- 11.0% of M-5076 and 90.1 +/- 5.9% of MH-134. (2) The ascites clot thus implanted grew rapidly in the control groups but growth was inhibited by chemotherapy: Tumors were reduced significantly (p less than 0.05-0.005) in the group treated with a single agent. This trend towards a suppressive effect of carcinocidal agents on the tumor growth was more conspicuous as a combination regimen was utilized, a combination of three agents producing the maximum effect. (3) The clot grew more quickly than the solid tumor in both the control and the treated groups. There was a high correlation (r = 0.93 in M-5076, and r = 0.64 in MH-134) between the growth rates of ascites and solid tumor in SRCA. (4) Histological examination revealed that viable tumor cells infiltrated widely under the renal capsule in both types of tumors. These results suggest that ascites and solid tumor are useful materials for the subrenal capsule assay method.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Localization and characterization of 35S-t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding in rat brain: an autoradiographic study.

35S-t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) binding to slide-mounted rat brain sections was characterized for subsequent autoradiographic analysis. Cortical brain mash slices, preincubated with EDTA to remove endogenous GABA, were used for biochemical characterization. Steady state for 35S-TBPS binding was reached by 3 hr of incubation at 22 degrees C. The association rate constant (K1) and dissociation rate constant (K2) were 0.377 min-1 microM-1 and 0.011 min-1, respectively. Dissociation was monophasic and slow (t1/2 = 80 min). The kinetically derived KD was 29.4 nM. Scatchard analysis indicated a single population of binding sites with a KD of 21.0 +/- 2.2 nM and a Bmax of 1.59 +/- 0.13 pmol/mg protein. Both picrotoxin and muscimol inhibited 35S-TBPS binding completely with IC50s of 251 +/- 13 nM and 203 +/- 41 nM and nHs of 0.98 and 1.4, respectively. The distribution of 35S-TBPS binding sites in the rat brain resembles that of other ligands that bind to GABAA receptor complex with some regionally specific differences. Regions with a high degree of 35S-TBPS binding included the inferior colliculus, medial septal nucleus, central and paracentral nuclei of the thalamus, olfactory tubercle, zona incerta, dentate gyrus, and substantia nigra. 35S-TBPS preferentially bound to the molecular vs granular layer of the cerebellum. Omission of the preincubation markedly but variably decreased 35S-TBPS binding. The greatest regional decreases occurred in areas with a high degree of GABA synthesis. In addition, 35S-TBPS binding was inhibited to different degrees in the cell layers of the cerebellum. The addition of 1 microM GABA to the incubation medium of preincubated slices also produced variable decreases in 35S-TBPS binding to cerebellar layers. These findings support previous studies that demonstrate GABAA receptor heterogeneity. Our study confirms the suitability of 35S-TBPS for use as a ligand in autoradiography and demonstrates that the distribution of 35S-TBPS binding sites is significantly influenced by the preincubation-incubation conditions used.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of sulfite in foods and beverages by ion exclusion chromatography with electrochemical detection: collaborative study.

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of total sulfite in foods and beverages by alkali extraction followed by ion exclusion chromatographic separation and electrochemical detection (IEC-EC) was collaboratively studied by 9 laboratories. Blind duplicate samples of starch, diluted lemon juice, wine cooler, dehydrated seafood, and instant mashed potatoes were analyzed without spiking and with added sulfite at 2 levels. The initial sulfite levels varied from 0 to 384 ppm SO2, and the levels added varied from 10 to 400 ppm. The initial sulfite levels determined by the IEC-EC method and the Monier-Williams method were in good agreement. Recovery of added sulfite by the IEC-EC method was generally higher than that by the Monier-Williams method. Within-laboratory repeatability (RSDr) for the IEC-EC method varied from 4.4 to 26.0%, and overall reproducibility (RSDR) varied from 8.5 to 39.3%. The collaborators found the method to be fast, sensitive, and easy to use, which makes it a useful alternative to the Monier-Williams method. The method has been adopted official first action.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Nutritional regulation of the synthesis and degradation of malic enzyme messenger RNA in duck liver.

The amount of malic enzyme mRNA in total liver RNA increased rapidly when starved ducklings were fed a high-carbohydrate mash diet, reaching 15 times the initial level at 9 h and an apparent steady state, about 20 times the initial level, at 24 h. Based on the kinetics of accumulation, malic enzyme mRNA had a half-life of 3-5 h in the livers of fed ducklings. When fed ducklings were starved, malic enzyme mRNA decreased with a half-life of about 1 h. Feeding, therefore, may have inhibited the degradation of malic enzyme mRNA, but not sufficiently to account for the 20-fold increase in mRNA level. The level of malic enzyme sequences in nuclear RNA increased severalfold when starved ducklings were fed, consistent with a stimulation of transcription. The rate of transcription of the malic enzyme gene, as measured in isolated nuclei, increased 3-5-fold when starved ducklings were refed. Starvation of fed animals caused a 55-65% inhibition of the transcription of the malic enzyme gene. Synthesis of albumin mRNA was little affected by refeeding or starvation, indicating that the observed effects on synthesis of malic enzyme mRNA were selective. We conclude that both increased transcription and decreased degradation contribute to the 20-fold increase in malic enzyme mRNA caused by feeding starved ducklings.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Avocado (Persea americana) intoxication in caged birds.

Avocados of 2 varieties were mashed and administered via feeding cannula to 8 canaries and 8 budgerigars. Two control budgerigars were given water via feeding cannula. Six budgerigars and 1 canary died within 24 to 47 hours after the first administration of avocado. Deaths were associated with administration of both varieties of avocado. Higher dose was associated with greater mortality. The 2 budgerigars given water were normal throughout the observation period. Results indicated that avocados are highly toxic to budgerigars and less toxic to canaries. Postmortem findings observed in some birds included subcutaneous edema in the pectoral area and hydropericardium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood concentrations of chlortetracycline in macaws fed medicated pelleted feed.

A trial was conducted to determine the suitability of using a pelleted diet containing chlortetracycline (CTC) for treatment of chlamydiosis in macaws. Macaws, normally fed seed and fruit diets in captivity, are notoriously difficult to treat with CTC-medicated mash diets. Healthy macaws fed a pelleted diet containing 1% or 1.5% CTC for 30 or 45 days maintained adequate food intake and mean blood concentrations of 1-2 CTC micrograms/ml blood throughout the treatment period. There were no significant differences between blood concentrations induced by the different dietary CTC concentrations. Blood concentrations of 1 microgram/ml are considered therapeutic, so it is likely that 1% CTC-medicated pellets will be adequate for treating chlamydiosis in these species.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence of Bacillus cereus in powdered dehydrated food].

Bacillus cereus incidence on dehydrated powdered foods on sale in supermarkets of Santa Fe city was studied. Two hundred and fifty samples of five different foods: desserts, soups, mousses, pre-cooked "polenta" and mashed potatoes, were examined. Toxinogenic activity of strains confirmed as B. cereus by means of the test of lethality in rats, was analyzed. The ratio between contaminated samples and total analyzed samples was always greater than 6% (Table 1). Besides, none of the analyzed foods exceeded acceptability maximum limit (10(5) UFC/g), established by I.C.M.S.F. (Table 2). It was checked in all cases that no simple lineal correlation existed between B. cereus and total aerobic bacteria enumerations. On the other hand, the percentage of strains with lethal effects was in all cases greater than 42.8% (Table 3).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Some evidence of enhanced alimentary motivation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

The consumption of a wet mash of biscuits or pellets, outside the home cage, was determined in adult spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (NT) Wistar rats. Rats were deprived of food for 24 h or satiated. Regardless of the testing conditions, SHR showed a higher food interest than NT rats, which was reflected in a shorter latency to start eating, a longer time of eating to the first interval as well as to the 30 sec interval which terminated the trial, and a larger amount of food consumed during the test trial. The speed of eating was greater in SHR. In the competition for food SHR won almost all encounters with NT rats. The mean time of eating by SHR increased over the consecutive encounters up to 90%. These findings indicate that alimentary motivation of SHR was higher than that of NT rats. The results are discussed in terms of hyperreactivity of SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Thyroid diseases in pregnancy].

Knowledge about the physiology of the fetal and maternal regulating circle of the thyroid gland is the prerequisite for the right valuation of thyroidal parameters and for a risk-poor treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland during pregnancy. The conditions of the passage at the fetoplacental unit require particular attention in the use of thyroid depressants. Hyperthyreoses as well as bland strumae may be increased in their distinction by a pregnancy. Maternal hyperthyroidism has often a mild course. While thyreostatic drugs must be applied in their least effective dosage, for the substitution with thyroid hormones there is a higher demand than in non-pregnant women. Fetus and newborn as well as the mother need a narrow-mashed control which should be performed interdisciplinarily in a special consulting.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural alterations in the kidneys of Pekin ducks fed methylmercury.

Ultrastructural alterations in the kidneys of Pekin ducks were studied after subchronic exposure to methylmercury chloride. Twenty-four male and twenty-four female Pekin ducks, 12 weeks of age were fed 0.0 (control), 0.5, 5.0 and 15.0 parts per million of MeHgCl, mixed in a mash diet for 12 weeks. Birds were observed for clinical signs daily. Kidneys were fixed in situ by perfusion with 4% glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M phosphate buffer and routinely processed for electron microscopy. Only minor morphological changes were observed in the renal corpuscle of ducks in the 0.5 ppm group. The component cells of the renal corpuscle in the 5.0 and 15.0 ppm groups showed several ultrastructural alterations, including an increase in number and size of lysosomes and vacuoles in podocytes and mild vacuolation in mesangial cells. The juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arterioles had crystallized granules. No significant changes were observed in glomerular basement membrane thickness and width of podocyte pedicels. The proximal tubules of the 5.0 and 15.0 ppm groups showed some microvillar loss and an increase in the number and size of lipid droplets, vacuoles and lysosomal bodies. The distal tubular changes in the 5.0 and 15 ppm groups included electron lucency and vacuolation of cytoplasm as well as occasional mitochondrial swelling. The collecting ducts of 5.0 ppm and 15.0 ppm groups showed varying degrees of degenerative changes in both mucus secretory as well as absorptive cells. These results suggest that subchronic exposure of Pekin ducks to methylmercury chloride causes subtle ultrastructural changes in renal corpuscle and marked ultrastructural changes in proximal tubules and collecting ducts.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Applied potential tomography. A new noninvasive technique for measuring gastric emptying.

Applied potential tomography is a new, noninvasive technique that yields sequential images of the resistivity of gastric contents after subjects have ingested a liquid or semisolid meal. This study validates the technique as a means of measuring gastric emptying. Experiments in vitro showed an excellent correlation between measurements of resistivity and either the square of the radius of a glass rod or the volume of water in a spherical balloon when both were placed in an oval tank containing saline. Altering the lateral position of the rod in the tank did not alter the values obtained. Images of abdominal resistivity were also directly correlated with the volume of air in a gastric balloon. Profiles of gastric emptying of liquid meals obtained using applied potential tomography were very similar to those obtained using scintigraphy or dye dilution techniques, provided that acid secretion was inhibited by cimetidine. Profiles of emptying of a mashed potato meal using applied potential tomography were also very similar to those obtained by scintigraphy. Measurements of the emptying of a liquid meal from the stomach were reproducible if acid secretion was inhibited by cimetidine. Thus, applied potential tomography is an accurate and reproducible method of measuring gastric emptying of liquids and particulate food. It is inexpensive, well tolerated, easy to use, and ideally suited for multiple studies in patients, even those who are pregnant.

Colloids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of prolonged storage on various indices of the fatty components of freeze-dried products].

The effect of prolonged storage at the temperature 20 +/- 5 degrees C and relative humidity 70-80% on the freeze-dried food products packed in a three-layer polymer was investigated. The organoleptic parameters, fat content and fat physicochemical properties were determined in the freshly prepared foods and foods stored for 6, 10 and 14 months. The fat component of cereals and vegetables was found to change during storage: the acid and peroxide numbers increased, products of secondary oxidation accumulated, and non-saturated fatty acids decreased. Among the foodstuffs examined the buckwheat cereal and mashed potatoes proved to be most stable and edible after 14 months of storage.

Color↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of an improved MPN medium for recovery of stressed and nonstressed Staphylococcus aureus.

Two media used for recovery of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus were compared: trypticase soy broth with 10% salt (TSBS), used in the official AOAC method, and TSBS with 1% sodium pyruvate added (PTSB). Adding pyruvate increased recovery of 4 heat-stressed and nonstressed S. aureus foodborne strains from artificially contaminated mashed potato and ham salad substrates. The overall geometric means for the 2 media differed significantly at the alpha = 0.05 level. Recovery of S. aureus from 70 replicates of naturally contaminated Monterey Jack cheese was highest in PTSB. The overall geometric means/g were 63 in TSBS and 96 in PTSB.

Culture Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of a series of food substances on motor and emptying function of the gastric stump and diverting intestinal loop after stomach resection and truncal vagotomy].

Altogether 253 patients operated on for peptic ulcer were examined for the action of 30 foods on motor and evacuatory function of the gastric stump and efferent intestinal loop. 213 patients were subjected to gastric resection after Hofmeister-Finsterer and 40 patients to antrum resection and truncal vagotomy. Proceeding from the action on motor function of the gastric stump and efferent intestinal loop the foods were distributed into three groups: with a stimulation, inhibitory of weak effects on the function. The first group included beef and fish broths, boiled meat, rye bread, cabbage, tomato, apple, cherry and black currant juices, rhubarb infusion, fresh kefir, carrot and pumpkin purees. The group of foods producing an inhibitory action comprised milk and milk whey, cottage cheese, sugar, butter, sunflower oil, lard, rice and oat decoctions, mashed potatoes and potato juice, buckwheat porridge and semolina, wheat bread, raw eggs, and honey. The action of the same foods was found to be different as regards the effect on the gastric stump and efferent intestinal loop, on tonic and contractile functions of the organs. The dietetic management of patients undergoing gastric operations should be carried out on a strictly individualized basis with allowance made for the functions of the gastric stump and intestinal loop and for the action of foods on the organs.

Food↗
PubMed1983

Esophagotomy in the pony: comparison of surgical techniques and form of feed.

Esophageal healing was studied in 12 ponies after cervical esophagotomy. The esophagus was sutured, feed and water were withheld for 48 hours, and then all ponies were permitted to eat. In group I (n = 6), a longitudinal esophagotomy was made. In group II (n = 6), a rotational esophagotomy was made with the mucosal incision 180 degrees away from the incision in the esophageal muscle. Three ponies in each group were fed a soft diet ad libitum for 9 days, and then were allowed access to hay and grain. The remaining ponies were fed hay and grain. The esophagotomies of all hay-fed ponies dehisced and healed by second intention, whereas esophagotomies healed by first intention in the ponies given a soft diet. Endoscopic and radiographic examinations indicated that the progression of healing in the present study was a function of diet (form of food), rather than surgical technique. The cross-sectional width of the muscularis externa at the incision site was 39.6% greater in mash-fed ponies than in hay-fed ponies. Based on density-dependent image analysis, average elastin content and reticulin fiber of the submucosa and muscularis externa at the incision were not influenced by the form of feed or surgical technique, although elastin fiber regeneration did not occur at the site of the incision.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

[Dynamics of paraclinical indices in nitrate poisoning in sheep].

Studies were carried out on some paraclinical indices of the blood with sheep in the case of experimental nitrate intoxication. The animals were divided into five groups and were offered nitrates at the rates of 0.4, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.0 per cent of the dry matter in the ration. The feed given to group V was obtained in a natural way (through the overrate dressing of maize with nitrogen fertilizers), while that given to the remaining groups was prepared by adding nitrates in the corn mash. The blood of the test animals was sampled on the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th, and 75th day to assess the erythrocyte and leukocyte counts and the level of hemoglobin, methemoglobin, blood sugar, carotene, vitamin A, nitrates and nitrites. The leukocyte count was found to drop, and the erythrocyte one -- to rise. Rose also the level of hemoglobin in the sheep of group V. The level of methemoglobin rose proportionally to the increased amount of nitrates swallowed, and the blood sugar was increased with the increase of methemoglobin. Carotene and vitamin A levels dropped, and nitrates rose. No changes were found in the level of nitrites.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Influence of gamma irradiation of aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus growing on some Nigerian foodstuffs.

Spores of Aspergillus flavus (UI, 81) inoculated into some local food materials were irradiated at 62.5, 125.0, 250.0 and 500.0 krad, and the effect on aflatoxin B1 production on subsequent incubation was measured. The results show that aflatoxin B1 production decreased with increasing gamma irradiation dose in soya bean, groundnut, palm juice, while paw paw mash showed a relatively high yield of aflatoxin at 125.0 krad as compared to other irradiation levels tested except for the control. Irradiation of soya bean and groundnut inoculated with spores of Aspergillus flavus at 500.0 krad (pre-irradiation incubation period of 2 h) inhibited aflatoxin B1 production. Analysis of variance showed that media, pre-irradiation incubation periods and irradiation levels affected the total amounts of aflatoxin produced.

Aflatoxins↗