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PubMed2005

The professionalization of health librarianship in the UK between 1909 and 1978.

Many strands exist within health information work and during the last century librarians in this field identified themselves through special groups or associations. This paper focuses on the key role of the Library Association Medical Section in the professional development of medical librarians in the United Kingdom up to 1978 when it merged with the Library Association Hospital Libraries and Handicapped Readers Group to create the Medical, Health and Welfare Group. Uniting to form a stronger organization, under the ultimate designation of the Health Libraries Group, was part of an evolutionary process. The invention and promotion of co-operative schemes, networking and educational opportunities for members, the publication of specialized material and the fostering of international relationships during the first three-quarters of the century are illuminated by personal reminiscences from some of the major participants in the field.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1979

Classification schemes for dental school libraries.

The provision of an efficient and acceptable library system for the dental literature is examined. It is suggested that an index to the dental literature is best provided by a combination of Index Medicus and Medical Subject Headings. The Library of Congress scheme would be best for an autonomous dental school and, where a dental school library is provided by a large medical library, the National Library of Medicine Classification would be suitable for dental student use.

Australia↗
PubMed2005

Environmental cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: ethical implications of "smart home" technology.

OBJECTIVE: In light of the advent of new technologies, we proposed to reexamine certain challenges posed by cognitive remediation and social reintegration (that is, deinstitutionalization) of patients with severe and persistent mental disorders. METHOD: We reviewed literature on cognition, remediation, smart homes, as well as on objects and utilities, using medical and computer science electronic library and Internet searches. RESULTS: These technologies provide solutions for disabled persons with respect to care delivery, workload reduction, and socialization. Examples include home support, video conferencing, remote monitoring of medical parameters through sensors, teledetection of critical situations (for example, a fall or malaise), measures of daily living activities, and help with tasks of daily living. One of the key concepts unifying all these technologies is the health-smart home. We present the notion of the health-smart home in general and then examine it more specifically in relation to schizophrenia. CONCLUSION: Management of people with schizophrenia with cognitive deficits who are being rehabilitated in the community can be improved with the use of technology; however, such technology has ethical ramifications.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Public librarians as a resource for promoting health: results from the Health for Everyone in Libraries Project (HELP) librarian survey.

Public libraries are located in all communities, and two thirds of adults visit one each year. Libraries give the public access to computers and the Internet, and librarians offer technical assistance for accessing information. The interests and training needs of public librarians for assisting the public in accessing health information have not been addressed. One public library/librarian in each North Carolina county was randomly selected to complete a written questionnaire to assess health-related information services and librarians' skills for providing these services. 84% of librarians (83/99) completed the questionnaire. Results indicate that librarians answer more than 10 health-related questions per week, feel moderately comfortable answering these questions, and are very interested in receiving additional training for addressing health-related questions. Creating public library/public health partnerships holds much promise for enhancing the ability of community members to access desired health information.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2026

Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Anxiety and Sleep Quality in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with breast cancer commonly experience anxiety and sleep disturbance during and after treatment, and these symptoms are closely interrelated, negatively affecting the quality of life. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been increasingly used as a nonpharmacological supportive approach. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of MBIs on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Embase was conducted up to May 15, 2025. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. RESULTS: Twenty-four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 3,212 participants were analyzed. MBIs significantly reduced anxiety compared with control groups receiving usual care, no intervention, or wait-list conditions (SMD: -0.47, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.32), whereas no significant effect was observed for sleep quality. Subgroup analysis indicated that intervention duration accounted for 55.5% of the heterogeneity in anxiety outcomes. All studies were rated as having some concerns regarding risk of bias, primarily due to self-reported outcomes and lack of blinding. Certainty of evidence was moderate for anxiety and low for sleep quality. DISCUSSION: MBIs appear to be effective in reducing anxiety among patients with breast cancer; however, no significant effect was observed for sleep quality. All included studies were rated as having some concerns regarding risk of bias, and the limited reporting of adverse events represents a limitation of the evidence. In addition, substantial heterogeneity in sleep quality outcomes and the limited number of included RCTs restrict exploration of heterogeneity sources and limit generalizability. Further high-quality well-designed RCTs are needed to strengthen and confirm the evidence.

Female↗
PubMed2025

Association of MTHFD1 G1958A (rs2236225) gene polymorphism with the risk of congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: We did this study to better clarify the correlations of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1)-G1958A (rs2236225) gene polymorphism with the risk of congenital heart diseases (CHD) and its subgroups. METHODS: Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, VIP database and Wanfang DATA until October 2023. We will use odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to examine the potential associations of MTHFD1- G1958A gene polymorphism with CHD and its subgroups. RESULTS: We included a total of 9 eligible studies, encompassing 1917 children with CHD, 1863 healthy children, 1717 mothers of the children with CHD and 1666 mothers of healthy children. In our study, the meta-analysis of fetal group revealed no significant association between any of the five genetic models for the MTHFD1-G1958A polymorphism and the risk of CHD. Subgroup analysis showed that associations between the MTHFD1-G1958A polymorphism and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) risk in the homozygote model (AA vs. GG, OR = 2.82, 95%CI [1.16, 6.86], P = 0.02) and recessive model (AA vs. GG + GA, OR = 3.09, 95%CI [1.36, 7.03], P = 0.007). In addition, the MTHFD1-G1958A polymorphism was associated with the risk of CHD in racial subgroup, increasing the risk of CHD in Caucasians. In maternal analysis, 2 genetic models of MTHFD1-G1958A polymorphism increased the risk of CHD: the heterozygote model (GA vs. GG, OR = 1.22, 95%CI [1.04, 1.42], P = 0.01), and the dominance model (GA + AA vs. GG, OR = 1.17, 95%CI [1.01, 1.34], P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The fetal MTHFD1-G1958A (rs2236225) gene polymorphism increase their risk of TOF. The maternal MTHFD1-G1958A polymorphism has a strong correlation with the risk of CHD, and there are racial differences in this correlation. Compared with GG genotype, the GA genotype increases the risk of CHD.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors associated with success in searching MEDLINE and applying evidence to answer clinical questions.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the ability of medical and nurse practitioner students to use MEDLINE to obtain evidence for answering clinical questions and to identify factors associated with the successful answering of questions. METHODS: A convenience sample of medical and nurse practitioner students was recruited. After completing instruments measuring demographic variables, computer and searching attitudes and experience, and cognitive traits, the subjects were given a brief orientation to MEDLINE searching and the techniques of evidence-based medicine. The subjects were then given 5 questions (from a pool of 20) to answer in two sessions using the Ovid MEDLINE system and the Oregon Health & Science University library collection. Each question was answered using three possible responses that reflected the quality of the evidence. All actions capable of being logged by the Ovid system were captured. Statistical analysis was performed using a model based on generalized estimating equations. The relevance-based measures of recall and precision were measured by defining end queries and having relevance judgments made by physicians who were not associated with the study. RESULTS: Forty-five medical and 21 nurse practitioner students provided usable answers to 324 questions. The rate of correctness increased from 32.3 to 51.6 percent for medical students and from 31.7 to 34.7 percent for nurse practitioner students. Ability to answer questions correctly was most strongly associated with correctness of the answer before searching, user experience with MEDLINE features, the evidence-based medicine question type, and the spatial visualization score. The spatial visualization score showed multi-colinearity with student type (medical vs. nurse practitioner). Medical and nurse practitioner students obtained comparable recall and precision, neither of which was associated with correctness of the answer. CONCLUSIONS: Medical and nurse practitioner students in this study were at best moderately successful at answering clinical questions correctly with the assistance of literature searching. The results confirm the importance of evaluating both search ability and the ability to use the resulting information to accomplish a clinical task.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The gay librarian: a comparative analysis of attitudes towards professional gender issues.

Librarianship is a feminized profession, and like teaching, nursing, and social work with which it shares the occupational traits of a "semi-profession," its low status and prestige have been attributed to a negative feminine image. To date, discussion of a corresponding male librarian image, general male issues, and the broader topic of gender issues has been minimal within the profession, while serious discussion of gay male librarians and their professional identity has been virtually nil. This study compares the responses of straight and self-identified gay males to an exploratory survey of male members of the American Library Association. The topics covered by the survey include reasons for entry into the field, the existence and identity of a male librarian stereotype, and gender issues generally, including gender stratification of work and sexual discrimination and/or harassment. Self-identified gay subjects share many characteristics in common with the straight cohort, including the identification of a gay male stereotype and some denial surrounding gender equity issues. On the other hand, the tentative findings of this exploratory study raise the question of whether both gay and straight male subjects overestimate the number of gay men in librarianship. The report concludes with an update on gay issues within the profession since the survey was completed, and recommendations for further research.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

MEDLINE end-user survey: the University of Florida experience.

The University of Florida Health Science Center Library (UF-HSCL) surveyed MEDLINE end-user activities of the faculty from the six colleges which the UF-HSCL serves. A questionnaire was developed and sent to all faculty members. The Basic SAS program was used to analyze the collected data. This survey was intended to identify the users, the reasons for faculty members not being end users, the purpose for searching MEDLINE, the information retrieval methods, the level of end-user satisfaction, and the librarian's role in information retrieval activities. Many findings from this survey were in agreement with those of the 1988 study by the National Library of Medicine.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1995

Expanding rural primary care training by employing information technologies: the need for participation by medical reference librarians.

The use of rural sites to train badly needed primary care providers requires access to sophisticated medical information not traditionally available outside of academic health centers. Medical reference librarians can play a key role in the development of primary care training sites in rural settings. Electronic information technologies, with proactive support from medical reference librarians, can provide current and detailed information without concern for distance from the health science center library. This paper discusses recent developments in technology, describes current challenges to the application of this technology in rural settings, and provides policy recommendations for medical reference librarians to enhance rural primary care training.

Area Health Education Centers↗
PubMed1999

Health information resources: tradition and innovation in a medical school curriculum.

Changes in LCME accreditation for medical colleges fostered the development of Health Information Resources, a required, for-credit course created by the Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center Library Reference Department for the first-year medical school curriculum. Six content areas were developed for inclusion in the syllabus: "Electronic Resources Survival Kit"; "Introduction to Problem Based Resources"; "Introduction to Literature Searching"; "MEDLINE Searching Hands-On/Publishing Pearls & Pitfalls"; "The World Wide Web and Patient Information"; and "Introduction to Electronic Mail." A combination of lectures, hands-on instruction, and active learning techniques were employed in the teaching of this class. Submission of a Health Information Resource Guide and a two-part final exam were required.

Academic Medical Centers↗