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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Etiology of specific types of dysphasia and dyslexia as well as their natural supporting mechanism (theoretical approach and therapeutic response)].

The respective role of the organic and psychological factors is discussed. The importance of the individual's reaction to his own disorder is emphasized. This reaction according to the author promotes an evolution from a simple delay to a specific deviation. It is this reaction that the program "Natural Accompaniment" aims to contain or to defuse in proposing re-educative technics relying upon two principles: demands requiring no effort, priority to the words' significance.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1992

Future trends in language intervention: addressing cultural bias in service delivery.

In this paper the cultural biases in a widely-used language intervention approach--the Hanen Early Language Parent Program--that trains parents to be conversational partners with their language-delayed children, are explored. In many respects this program represents the best of current clinical practice. It is empirically and theoretically grounded in recent research on parent-child interaction; studies have documented its efficacy; and it is a family-centred approach. And yet, in clinical practice, it does not work with all families. Not surprisingly, these families are often from nonmainstream backgrounds. Potential reasons for the lack of effectiveness with some families become apparent as research on patterns of language socialization in a wide variety of cultures is reviewed. This review reveals that all of the basic premises of this program rest on culturally relative beliefs and values. Specifically considered are cultural variation in (1) aspects of social organization related to interaction, (2) the value of talk, (3) how status is handled in interaction, (4) beliefs about intentionality, and (5) beliefs about teaching language to children. Suggestions for incorporating this information into clinical services with nonmainstream families are offered.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Augmentative and alternative communication in South Africa: accessibility and implementation.

This paper deals with the development of a community-based service for the implementation of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies for people with severely limited verbal expression. The concept of community-based intervention is explained and the process of training as done in the Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC) is described. Data of pre- and post-training evaluations is discussed as well as follow-up data obtained in the various training contexts. Finally, critical issues related to the follow-up data are discussed.

Communication↗
PubMed1992

Language intervention with children who have developmental delays: effects of an interactive approach.

The interactive model of language intervention instructs parents to use techniques that promote reciprocal social interactions and facilitate the development of communication and language abilities. In this evaluation study, 32 mothers and their preschool-age children with developmental delays were randomly assigned to treatment and control (delayed treatment) groups. Consistent with the interactive model, mothers in the treatment group became more responsive, less directive, and provided clearer linguistic models. Furthermore, these changes were maintained for at least 4 months after intervention, and involvement in the parent-centered intervention program did not increase maternal stress. More important, these changes were accompanied by concomitant increases in children's use of vocal turns. Contrary to predictions, developmental improvements in children's communicative and linguistic abilities were comparable in both groups. Findings suggest that an interactive model may afford a useful adjunct to other intervention approaches by instructing parents on how to promote children's use of existing abilities, but an interactive model may have no effect on language acquisition of at least some children with developmental delays.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Synthesis of elementary single-disease recommendations to support guideline-based therapeutic decision for complex polypathological patients.

Situations managed by clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) usually correspond to general descriptions of theoretical patients that suffer from only one disease in addition to the specific pathology CPGs focus on. The lack of decision support for complex multiple-disease patients is usually transferred to computer-based systems. Starting from the GEM-encoded instance of CPGs, we developed a module that automatically generated IF-THEN-WITH decision rules. A two-stage unification process has been implemented. All the rules whose IF-part is in partial matching with a patient clinical profile were triggered. A synthesis of triggered rules has then been performed to eliminate redundancies and incoherences. All remaining, eventually contradictory, recommendations were displayed to physicians leaving them the responsibility of handling the controversy and thus the opportunity to control the therapeutic decision.

Canada↗
PubMed2005

[Developmental dysphasia].

Developmental dysphasia is a specific, primary and lasting oral language disorder (expressive or comprehensive) is the absence of any sensorineural damage oral organ dystunction or psychiatric and psychologic disorders. Pathogensis is still unknown. Diagnosis is based on exprssive and comprehensive language investigation. Therapy should be early and multidisciplinary.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1992

[Participation of the right hemisphere in the recovery of language in aphasics].

The functional lateralization of the brain for language is a dynamic process going on during the life. The sole responsibility for ensuring normal speech lies within the neural nets of the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere who has a predominant role in extra-linguistic communication maintain a linguistic potential linked with age and modalities of lateralization. Methods allowing his activation have for first objective the recovery of an elementary communication.

Aphasia↗
PubMed2006

Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury.

The purpose of this study was to assess reading-related oculomotor rehabilitation in individuals with acquired brain injury. Adults with either stroke (n=5) or traumatic brain injury (n=9) participated. Training paradigms included single-line and multiple-line simulated reading, as well as basic versional tracking (fixation, saccade, and pursuit), twice per week over an 8 week period. Training modes included normal internal oculomotor visual feedback either in isolation (4 weeks) or concurrent with external oculomotor auditory feedback (4 weeks). Training effects were assessed objectively using infrared eye movement recording technology for simulated and actual reading, with the assessments occurring before, midway, and after training. In addition, the individuals were assessed subjectively using a reading rating-scale questionnaire. All reported considerably improved reading ability, and this was confirmed by several of the objective oculomotor measures. There was a trend for improvement to be better with the combined visual and auditory oculomotor feedback. Reading-related oculomotor rehabilitation produced significant gains in both the subjective and objective domains. It is believed that rapid saccadic oculomotor adaptation, as well as the training of rhythmicity and automaticity, were involved in modifying eye movement behavior to produce a more systematic approach and resultant improved reading profile.

Acoustic Stimulation↗