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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Nitric oxide mediates the central sensitization of primate spinothalamic tract neurons.

Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed to contribute to the development of hyperalgesia by activating the NO/guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) signal transduction pathway in the spinal cord. We have examined the effects of NO on the responses of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons to peripheral cutaneous stimuli and on the sensitization of STT cells following intradermal injection of capsaicin. The NO level within the spinal dorsal horn was increased by microdialysis of a NO donor, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). SIN-1 enhanced the responses of STT cells to both weak and strong mechanical stimulation of the skin. This effect was preferentially on deep wide dynamic range STT neurons. The responses of none of the neurons tested to noxious heat stimuli were significantly changed when SIN-1 was administered. Intradermal injection of capsaicin increased dramatically the content of NO metabolites, NO-2/NO-3, within the dorsal horn. This effect was attenuated by pretreatment of the spinal cord with a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Sensitization of STT cells induced by intradermal injection of capsaicin was also prevented by pretreatment of the dorsal horn with the NOS inhibitors, L-NAME or 7-nitroindazole. Blockade of NOS did not significantly affect the responses of STT cells to peripheral stimulation in the absence of capsaicin injection. The data suggest that NO contributes to the development and maintenance of central sensitization of STT cells and the resultant mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia after peripheral tissue damage or inflammation. NO seems to play little role in signaling peripheral stimuli under physiological conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Smallpox vaccination by intradermal jet injection. I. Introduction, background and results of pilot studies.

Jet injection has met with great success in the rapid and effective mass administration of several immunizing agents. The recent development of a jet injector nozzle specifically designed for intradermal inoculation suggested the possible extension of jet injector methodology to mass smallpox vaccination. A total of 156 volunteer subjects, 16 unvaccinated and 140 vaccinated more than 5 years previously, received either undiluted smallpox vaccine by the multiple-pressure technique, or 0.1 ml of various dilutions of smallpox vaccine by jet injector using the new nozzle. Cutaneous and serological responses in revaccinees revealed that jet injection of diluted vaccine with a titre of 10(7) TCID(50)/ml was as effective as multiple-pressure inoculation of undiluted vaccine. Among the small number of primary vaccinees, jet injection of diluted vaccine with a titre of 10(6) TCID(50)/ml appeared as effective as multiple-pressure inoculation of undiluted vaccine. No complications of vaccination occurred.The findings confirm the utility of the intradermal nozzle for jet injection of smallpox vaccine. In view of the speed of administration and the economy of vaccine, it is suggested that there is a distinct role for jet injection in global smallpox eradication efforts. Further studies on larger numbers of unvaccinated subjects and on persons with significant residual vaccinial immunity are needed to define the optimal concentration of vaccine for mass vaccination by jet injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Early rheumatoid-like joint lesions in rabbits injected with foreign serum. IV. Influence of delayed-type hypersensitivity.

Intradermal injection of rabbits with lipid-coupled bovine serum proteins or bovine serum itself prior to a regimen of intravenous injections of bovine serum enhanced the incidence of joint lesions over that seen in animals receiving the intravenous regimen only. This increased of synovial lesions appeared, however, to be unrelated, either to the state of delayed hypersensitivity or to the concentration of passive haemagglutinating antibodies to bovine serum proteins in these animals. Lipid-coupled bovine serum, given as a first course in a regimen of intravenous injections, was no more arthritogenic than the native proteins and, as a second course series of intravenous injections, was definitely less arthritogenic.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Lymphatic drainage of skin to a sentinel lymph node in a feline model.

To determine the feasibility of selective lymphadenectomy, the authors developed a feline model to identify and determine the utility of mapping dyes for this purpose. Adult cats were injected intradermally with a variety of mapping substances to determine whether the anatomic site of injection had a predictable pattern of drainage to a particular lymph node. Isosulfan blue provided the optimal mapping material. Injection of isosulfan blue intradermally into the skin of the medial thigh consistently led to coloration of the central lymph node, whereas intradermal abdominal wall injections and intradermal lateral thigh injections resulted in coloration of the lateral lymph node. Intradermal injections into skin about the perineum resulted in coloration of the most medial lymph node only. The feline model proved to a useful model to examine the utility of mapping dyes and to demonstrate dermal lymphatics. The predictable pattern of drainage of the skin in this feline model supports the feasibility of selective lymphadenectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of allergen immunotherapy on nasal responses in guinea-pigs with allergic rhinitis.

METHODS: We have investigated the effects of allergen immunotherapy on the nasal responses in the guinea-pigs with allergic rhinitis. Thirty-three male Hartley guinea-pigs with allergic rhinitis were divided into three groups; those receiving intradermal injection of saline (Group 1) or 0.1% ovalbumin (Group 2) 6 days after the last intranasal sensitization, and those injected with 0.1% ovalbumin intradermally once daily for 6 consecutive days from the next day after the last intranasal sensitization (Group 3). RESULTS: The dye leakage and histamine content into the nasal lavage significantly decreased at 30 min after antigen challenge in Group 3, compared with Group 1 or 2. We also observed the change of mast cell numbers in superficial nasal mucosa, lamina propria and injected dorsal skin. The number of mast cells in superficial nasal mucosa significantly decreased in Group 3 compared with Group 1 or 2, but not those in nasal lamina propria or dorsal skin. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the improvements of nasal responses such as dye leakage and histamine content may be caused by the decrease of mast cell numbers in the superficial mucosal layer after the specific immunotherapy, which may be developing tolerance and one of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of immunotherapy.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2006

Phase I/II trial of an allogeneic cellular immunotherapy in hormone-naïve prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: To determine the toxicity, immunologic, and clinical activity of immunotherapy with irradiated, allogeneic, prostate cancer cells expressing granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A single-institution phase I/II trial was done in hormone therapy-naïve patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse following radical prostatectomy and absence of radiologic metastases. Treatments were administered weekly via intradermal injections of 1.2 x 10(8) GM-CSF gene-transduced, irradiated, cancer cells (6 x 10(7) LNCaP cells and 6 x 10(7) PC-3 cells) for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were enrolled and treated. Toxicities included local injection-site reactions, pruritus, and flu-like symptoms. One patient had a partial PSA response of 7-month duration. At 20 weeks post first treatment, 16 of 21 (76%) patients showed a statistically significant decrease in PSA velocity (slope) compared with prevaccination (P < 0.001). Injection site biopsies showed intradermal infiltrates consisting of CD1a+ dendritic cells and CD68+ macrophages, similar to previous clinical trials using autologous GM-CSF-transduced cancer cells. Posttreatment, patients developed new oligoclonal antibodies reactive against at least five identified antigens present in LNCaP or PC-3 cells. A high-titer antibody response against a 250-kDa antigen expressed on normal prostate epithelial cells was induced in a patient with partial PSA remission; titers of this antibody decreased when treatment ended, and subsequent PSA relapse occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This non-patient-specific prostate cancer immunotherapy has a favorable safety profile and is immunologically active. Continued clinical investigation at higher doses and with longer boosting schedules is warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Multidisciplinary approach to selective sentinel lymph node mapping in breast cancer.

Although the role of axillary lymph node dissection is controversial with respect to survival benefits, its role as a staging procedure has been well established since nodal involvement is the most reliable prognostic indicator for patients with breast cancer. Selective sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection is gaining acceptance as a useful staging procedure because it is minimally invasive and spares approximately 70-80% of the patients a more extensive axillary lymph node dissection. The evolving techniques for selective SLN dissection using blue dye and radiotracer methods are reviewed in this article. Based on the classic definition of the breast lymphatic drainage and recently published articles addressing the issue of peritumoral and intradermal injections, a possible new and simplified approach using intradermal injection may identify the axillary SLN more quickly and reliably. This article emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the identification of SLNs by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy performed by expert nuclear medicine physicians, the intraoperative mapping and harvesting of SLNs by well trained surgeons and the meticulous examination of SLNs by experienced pathologists. Therefore, to achieve the highest rate of accuracy regarding SLN status, it is imperative that a multidisciplinary team with close communication and cooperation be formed. The clinical significance of SLNs will be determined by results from follow-up and clinical trials.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Dendritic cell vaccination for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.

In this pilot study, we investigated the ability of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed ex vivo with leukemia-specific peptide to stimulate host antitumor immunity when administrated as a vaccine. Three patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) received three series of four administration of bcr-abl peptide-pulsed (1) blood DCs injected intravenously, (2) immature monocyte-derived DCs injected intradermally or (3) mature monocyte-derived DCs injected intradermally. Vaccination was well tolerated. No major toxicity occurred in any of the patients. In method (1), one patient developed peptide-specific cellular immune response with no clinical response. In method (2), one patient developed peptide-specific cellular immune response with no clinical response. In method (3), all patients developed peptide-specific cellular immune response with no clinical response. The clinical benefits of bcr-abl peptide-specific vaccination in CML remain to be determined. Further vaccine development is necessary to increase the clinical effect.

Cancer Vaccines↗
PubMed1993

Autologous collagen? Lipocytic dermal augmentation. A histopathologic study.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue augmentation with processed fat has been used clinically for several years. This material has been termed "autologous collagen" since it was presumed it was composed primarily of collagen and fibrous tissue from lipocyte cell walls. OBJECTIVE: To examine the histologic behavior of dermis implanted with processed fat. METHOD: Volunteers were injected with processed fat intradermally in the post auricular area and these sites were biopsied at one week, one month, and three months. RESULTS: Early biopsies revealed no intact adiopocytes but a significant inflammatory infiltrate. Subsequently biopsies revealed replacement of the inflammatory reaction with cellular fibrosis and expansion of the dermis. CONCLUSION: Intradermal injection of processed fat results in deposition of fibrous material and collagen due to the response of the recipient site. The material itself contains very little collagen.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mapping the sentinel lymph node in malignant melanoma by blue dye, lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probe.

Eighty-eight consecutive patients (48 men and 40 women; mean age, 58.9 years; range, 16-84 years) with clinically localized cutaneous melanoma involving the trunk, extremities or head and neck underwent lymphatic mapping at our institution. The primary melanoma had a mean thickness of 2.74 mm (range, 0.95 to 9 mm). Patients were divided into two groups: group A (39 patients) underwent only vital blue dye (VBD) mapping, while group B (49 patients) underwent lymphatic mapping with VBD and radio-guided surgery (RGS) combined. In all patients 1-1.5 mL of VBD was injected subdermally around the biopsy scar 10-20 min before surgery. In group B 37 MBq in 150 microL of 99mTc-HSA nanocolloid was additionally injected intradermally 18 h before surgery (3-6 aliquots injected perilesionally). In all lymphatic basins where drainage was noted the sentinel lymph nodes (SNs) were identified and marked with a cutaneous marker. Final identification of the SN was then performed externally by a hand-held gamma probe. After the induction of anesthesia 0.5-1-0 mL of patent blue V dye was injected intradermally with a 25-gauge needle around the site of the primary melanoma. SNs were examined by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry. Patients with histologically positive SN(s) underwent standard lymph node dissection (SLND) in the involved lymph node basin. The SN was identified in 37/39 patients (94.9%) of group A and in 48/49 patients (98.0%) of group B. Blue dye mapping failed to identify the SN in 5 of the 88 patients (5.8%), while the radioisotope method failed in only 1 of 49 patients (2.0%). Similar results were obtained with the combined use of the two probes. The average number of SNs harvested was 1.9 per basin sampled, which does not differ significantly from the numbers reported by other authors. The SN was histologically positive in 18 patients (20.5%). None of the 12 patients with a Breslow thickness less than 1.5 mm had positive SNs, whereas 18 of the 77 patients (23.4%) with a Breslow index exceeding 1.5 mm showed metastatic SNs with H&E or immunohistochemistry. The latter all underwent SLND of the affected basin. In 10 patients (55.6%) the SN was the only site of tumor invasion; eight patients (44.4%) with positive SNs had one or more metastatic lymph nodes in the draining basin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of aspercetin, a platelet aggregating component from the venom of the snake Bothrops asper which induces thrombocytopenia and potentiates metalloproteinase-induced hemorrhage.

Thrombocytopenia occurs in a number of patients bitten by Bothrops asper, a species responsible for the majority of snakebites in Central America and southern Mexico. In this work we describe the isolation of a new platelet-aggregating protein, named aspercetin, from the venom of B. asper, which induces thrombocytopenia in mice. Isolation was carried out by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and affinity chromatography on Affi-Gel Blue. Aspercetin is a disulfide-linked heterodimer, with a pI of 4.5 and a molecular mass of 29,759 Da, detemined by MALDI-ESI mass spectrometry. N-terminal sequence shows homology with a number of venom proteins which belong to the C-type lectin family. Aspercetin has functional similarities with botrocetin, from B. jararaca venom, since it induces platelet aggregation only in the presence of plasma or purified von Willebrand factor. Aspercetin-mediated platelet aggregation results from the interaction of von Willebrand factor with platelet receptor GPIb. Aspercetin lacks anticoagulant effect and does not agglutinate erythrocytes, in contrast with other representatives of the C-type lectin family isolated from snake venoms. Moreover, aspercetin is not lethal, nor does it induce myonecrosis, hemorrhage and edema. When injected intravenously or intramuscularly in mice it induces a rapid, dose-dependent drop in platelet counts and prolongs the bleeding time, suggesting that it may play a role in the thrombocytopenia that develops in a number of B. asper envenomations. Moreover, mice injected intravenously with aspercetin and then receiving an intradermal injection of B. asper hemorrhagic metalloproteinase BaP1 develop a larger hemorrhagic lesion than mice receiving only BaP1. This suggests that aspercetin, by reducing platelet numbers, may

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Serotonin is a directly-acting hyperalgesic agent in the rat.

In this study, we have investigated serotonin hyperalgesia employing the mechanical paw withdrawal nociceptive threshold test in the rat. Intradermally injected serotonin was found to produce a dose-dependent hyperalgesia that was not attenuated by procedures which eliminate the known indirect mechanisms of hyperalgesia such as sympathectomy, polymorphonuclear leukocyte depletion or cyclooxygenase inhibition. In addition, the latency to onset of serotonin hyperalgesia is extremely short, with maximal hyperalgesia observed in less than 1 min, a similar temporal onset to direct-acting hyperalgesic agents such as prostaglandin E2. The results suggest, therefore, that the hyperalgesic effects of serotonin in our animal model are exerted by direct action on primary afferent neurons. Only the intradermal injection of selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) agonists for the 1A receptor subset (5-HT1A), (+/-)-2-dipropylamino-8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthaline hydrobromide and N,N-dipropyl-5-carboxamido-tryptamine maleate, produced dose-dependent hyperalgesia. No hyperalgesia was seen after 5-HT1B, CGS-12066B maleate and m-trifluoromethylphenyl-piperazine hydrochloride; 5-HT2+IC, alpha methyl 5HT and (+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane HCl; or 5-HT3, 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine maleate and phenylbiguanide, agonists. Similarly, only the 5-HT1A antagonists, spiroxatrine and spiperone, attenuated the hyperalgesia induced by intradermally injected serotonin. 5-HT2+IC antagonists, mesulergine and ketanserin, and 5-HT3 antagonists, quipazine and 3-tropanyl-indole-3-carboxylate, did not significantly attenuate 5-HT hyperalgesia. We conclude that serotonin produces hyperalgesia by a direct action on the primary afferent neuron via the 5-HT1A subset of serotonin receptors.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1982

[Permanent tattoos following injections with Dermo-Jet: anatomoclinical study. Apropos of 5 cases].

Blue or black tattoos were observed in five patients who had received several intradermal injections (of a lidocaine solution or of a triamcinolone acetonide suspension) with the Dermo-Jet. A histological examination revealed the presence of black masses, rounded or elongated, different in size, distributed throughout dermal tissue. Additionally, conglomerates of black grains in the cytoplasm of histiocytes and of pericytes are precisely observed in semi-thin sections. It has been proved by several investigations that these foreign particles are not of metallic nature. It can be concluded from electron microscopic studies that the particles are fragments of black rubber, from the upper joint of the reservoir. Indeed, some rubber fragments are leached into the reservoir. Some of these are passing through the wire-mesh filter of the nozzle (with the solution or the suspension) when injections are made. Therefore, they are injected intradermally and are permanently tattooing the skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of H1- and H2-antihistamines on platelet-activating factor and bradykinin-induced inflammatory responses in human skin.

Previous studies show that oral antihistamines affect the weal and flare response to intradermal injections of the inflammatory mediators platelet-activating factor (PAF) and bradykinin (BK). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of terfenadine (an H1-antagonist) and cimetidine (an H2-antagonist) on weal and flare responses to PAF and BK in healthy non-atopic human volunteers. The effects of doxepin on PAF responses were investigated, as there is evidence that doxepin may have direct anti-PAF effects in addition to its known antihistaminic actions. Terfenadine significantly reduced weal and flare responses to PAF (mean reduction 53 and 73%, respectively) and flare responses to BK (mean reduction 78%) but had no effect on weal responses to BK. Doxepin significantly reduced both weal and flare responses to PAF (mean reduction 43 and 68%, respectively, at higher doses of PAF). Cimetidine had no effect on weal or flare responses to PAF or BK. These findings suggest that the flare response to intradermal BK is mediated via histamine release while the weal response is not. The effects of the various antagonists of PAF-induced responses suggest that its effects too may be mediated via histamine, the similarity of the effects of terfenadine and doxepin on these responses indicating that the effects of doxepin may be due to its known antihistamine activity rather than to any specific PAF-antagonistic properties. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid which is released from a wide range of cell types and also from vascular endothelium. PAF is formed by the conversion of ether-linked phospholipids initially to the biologically inactive lyso-PAF and then by acetylation to PAF. Intradermal injection of PAF in human skin causes vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability, producing a weal and flare response with accompanying pruritus. Bradykinin (BK) is a vasoactive polypeptide formed by the action of enzymes known as kallikreins on inactive precursors called kininogens. Its effects include an increase in blood flow and vascular permeability and stimulation of the release of prostaglandins and histamine. On intradermal injection in human skin it causes a weal and flare response with associated pain rather than pruritus. Previous studies have suggested that the weal and flare response to PAF may be mediated in part by histamine release. Given that BK is known to cause histamine release it appears possible that the responses to both compounds may be modified by conventional antihistamines. Experiments based on this premise have found that antihistamines have a pronounced effect on the flare response to PAF but a less marked effect on weal responses. The weal response to BK was unaffected by systemic antihistamines but studies have produced conflicting results with regard to effects on the flare response. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of terfenadine (an H1-antagonist) and cimetidine (an H2-antagonist) on PAF- and BK-induced weal and flare responses in healthy, non-atopic human volunteers. Based on the treatment of cold urticaria it has been suggested that doxepin, which has known H1- and H2-antagonistic effects, may in addition show specific anti-PAF activity. We compared the effects of doxepin on PAF-induced intradermal responses with those of terfenadine and cimetidine in this study.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase in human skin.

The aim of this study was to investigate in human skin in vivo the role of nitric oxide in maintaining resting vascular tone, in the vasodilatation caused by local warming and by ultraviolet B light exposure, and in the response to exogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Cutaneous blood flow was assessed by planimetry of the visible erythema or pallor and by laser Doppler flowmetry. Intradermal injection of the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 25 nmol), into forearm skin produced a visible pallor and a reduction of blood flow at a controlled ambient temperature of 21 degrees C. The control, NG-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME; 25 nmol) or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 25 nmol) did not cause pallor or reduce blood flow. L-NAME and L-NMMA caused dose- and time-dependent increases in pallor, and reductions in cutaneous blood flow in skin that had been locally warmed by immersion in water at 45 degrees C and in skin that had been exposed to ultraviolet B light. D-NAME and D-NMMA at comparable concentrations did not have the effects on skin blood flow observed with the L forms. L-NAME and L-NMMA both inhibited the increased blood flow in human skin caused by the intradermal injection of CGRP (12.5 or 25 pmol). The reduction of CGRP-induced increase of blood flow by L-NAME was reversed by L-arginine. Neither D-NAME nor D-NMMA inhibited the increase in blood flow caused by CGRP. Neither L-NAME nor L-NMMA inhibited the increase in blood flow in human skin caused by the intradermal injection of prostaglandin E2 (63 pmol). The data show that nitric oxide is involved in the maintenance of resting blood flow in human skin and also in the cutaneous vasodilator responses to local warming, ultraviolet B irradiation, or injection of CGRP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A comparison of hyperalgesia and neurogenic inflammation induced by melittin and capsaicin in humans.

Melittin (a main compound of bee venom) and capsaicin were injected intradermally in healthy human volunteers: (1) to study secondary mechanical hyperalgesia (static hyperalgesia and dynamic hyperalgesia) around the injection site; and (2) to correlate the sensory changes to the neurogenic inflammation assessed by laser-doppler blood flowmetry. Melittin 50 microg and capsaicin 10 microg induced comparable spontaneous pain and increased blood flow (neurogenic inflammation). Intradermal injection of melittin induced regions of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia around the injection site, however, they were not as large as the hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin. This is the first report studying mechanical hyperalgesia induced by melittin in humans, and the results were in agreement with the previous observations in rats. Melittin seems to be a valuable model to study a possible contribution of neurogenic inflammation to hyperalgesia in humans.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Postoperative immunochemotherapy including streptococcal lysate OK-432 is effective for patients with gastric cancer and serosal invasion.

The effects of postoperative immunochemotherapy including the streptococcal preparation OK-432 on the rate of peritoneal recurrence and survival time after curative resection were studied in 36 patients with gastric cancer. Patients randomized to group B received 18 months of a therapy that is widely used in Japan for patients with gastric cancer: mitomycin C (MMC) and UFT, a combination of tegafur and uracil in a molar ratio of 1:4. Patients randomized to group A received the same drugs given to group B plus an intraperitoneal injection of OK-432 on postoperative day 0 and intradermal injections of OK-432 for 18 months at 2-week intervals. There were no differences between the two groups in any known prognostic factor or dose of any drug received, except for OK-432. There was no difference in the toxicity rates between the groups. The concomitant administration OK-432 and anticancer drugs significantly decreased the rates of peritoneal recurrence and lengthened survival time (P < 0.05).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Possible role of cytokines in cellular proliferation of the skin transplanted onto nude mice.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: In recent studies on the behavior of aged skin transplanted onto nude mice, the epidermis of aged and young skin showed an increase in proliferation and thickness following engraftment, and became almost identical. The aim of this study was to ascertain a possible role for the release of local cytokines in this phenomenon. Grafted human skin was injected intradermally with anti-interleukin-6 (IL) and anti-IL-1 alpha, and comparisons of epidermal thymidine incorporation and thickness were made. Grafts injected with irrelevant antibodies served as control. RESULTS: Interleukin-6 and IL-1 alpha expression were studied in grafts by immunoperoxidase staining. Only IL-6 expression was found in the 1-month grafts. Intradermal injections of anti-IL-1 alpha and anti-IL-6 showed an inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation in the epidermis. A significant difference in the response of epidermal proliferation and, consequently, in thickness was found in samples injected with anti-IL-1 alpha and anti-IL-6 compared with those injected with irrelevant antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: These data may indicate that local cytokines released by the keratinocytes are involved in the cellular proliferative activity in skin engrafted onto the mice.

Aged↗