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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Scanning electron microscopical observation on the isolated mucosa of rat small intestine: with special reference to the intestinal crypt.

The small intestinal mucosa of rats (male, aged 8 weeks) was isolated by the Bjerknes and Cheng's method (1981): the anesthetized rats were perfused through the left ventricle with a solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (30 mmol/l) in calcium-magnesium-free Hanks' solution, and then the mucous epithelium was removed from a segment of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum by means of vibration. Three-dimensional images of crypts on the isolated mucosa were obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The length and number of the crypts between the villi were observed to decrease along the intestine from the duodenum to the ileum. The majority of intestinal crypts were simple non-branched tubular glands, however, budding and bifurcation of the crypt ends were often observed. It was relatively rare to find longitudinally split crypts. The shapes of the crypts seems to denote various stages of the proliferation of crypts.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Intestinal peptidase content of the mucous coat of the small intestine in dogs].

The content of leucine aminopeptidase, cathepsins B and D was measured in the mucous coating of the small intestine and duodenal juice of adult fistula dogs. It was shown that inhibitory assay was mandatory for measuring the content of intestinal peptidases. The authors discuss the possibility of hydrolysis of food substrates in the parietal layer of the mucous coating by proteolytic enzymes of both intestinal and pancreatic origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Regional proliferative changes in the intestines and intestinal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma in golden hamsters with "wet tail"].

A group of 637 golden hamsters [Mesocricetus auratus] was studied and 64 of them found suffering from wet tail syndrome. They had a regional epithelial proliferation of the gut often reminding of a tumour associated with unspecified bacilliform organisms in enterocytes. Three adult females showed a similar lesion lacking of microbes with intestinal adenocarcinoma instead. Its diffuse growth reaching mesentery was combined with secondaries in mesenteric lymph nodes. Nine older hamsters showed a malignant intestinal lymphoma in similar conditions. Mutual relations of the findings were discussed. Wet tail syndrome seemed to be an intestinal precancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

[Surgical decompression and postoperative local action on the small intestine in the combined treatment of intestinal obstruction and peritonitis].

The results of using the operative methods of decompression of the gastro-intestinal tract in 151 patients with longstanding ileus and peritonitis are discussed. Methods of continuous decompression giving local effect upon the intestinal wall in the postoperative period should be used in the critical patients. The results of studying certain biochemical aspects of lavage of the small intestine are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Primary intestinal localisation of Hodgkin's disease. One case initially diagnosed as a benign eosinophilic granuloma of the small intestine (author's transl)].

Intestinal lesions in Hodgkin's disease remain relatively rare. Even rarer are forms in which intestinal lesions or mesenteric nodes remain the only manifestations of the disease for a number of years. In these cases, histological findings are usually less typical than in more usual sites and this explains the diagnostic hesitancy which sometimes occurs. In the case reported here, the diagnosis made and adhered to for four years and despite three successive operations was that of an eosinophilic granuloma of the small intestine.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1995

Helicobacter pylori in patients with intestinal metaplasia and in controls: a serological and biopsy study in four UK centres. UK Sub-Group of the ECP-EURONUT-Intestinal Metaplasia Study Group.

The incidence of Helicobacter pylori was compared in high and low risk gastric cancer areas. Complete data were available on 116 age and sex matched sets of cases--patients with histologically proven intestinal metaplasia (IM)--and two control groups, one non-IM endoscoped controls (EC) and one non-endoscoped controls (NC) recruited from out-patient clinics. H. pylori status was determined by both serology and histology in individuals biopsied from three separate gastric sites. Our data show an increased incidence of H. pylori and intestinal metaplasia in areas at high risk for gastric cancer, good agreement on H. pylori status between histology and serology and a relationship between H. pylori status in individual biopsies and the degree of gastritis. With 116 matched sets of patients this is one of the largest series to date and supports the hypothesis that H. pylori infection may be involved in gastric carcinogenesis through chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Administration of growth hormone enhances the intestinal adaptive response after resection of small intestine in rats].

The aim of this study was to assess the proliferative effect of growth hormone (GH) on the remnant intestinal mucosa after small bowel resection in the rat. Three groups (n = 8/group) of adult Wistar rats were established as follows: 1) control, 2) 90% small bowel resection (SBR) and 3) 90% small bowel resection + GH 1 mg/kg-day (SBR+GH) during 7 days. Ileal samples were taken prior to resection (basal), and at sacrifice, for assessment of intestinal mucosal growth by means of morphometric (crypt and villous length) and proliferative (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA) techniques. GH administered to resected rats (SBR+GH) significantly increased the number of proliferating cells and crypt and villous length when compared to resected non-treated animals (SBR). In conclusion, in the rat, GH markedly increases the trophic action of intestinal mucosa in hyperproliferative states like massive bowel resection, enhancing remnant bowel morphologic and proliferative adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of species and numbers of bacteria in concurrently cultured samples of proximal small intestinal fluid and endoscopically obtained duodenal mucosa in dogs with intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

Concurrent bacterial culturing of duodenal/proximal jejunal fluid and duodenal mucosa was performed on 2 occasions in each of 16 IgA-deficient German Shepherd Dogs with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The interval between sample collections in each dog was 74 to 78 days. Species of bacteria and numbers of bacterial colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter of fluid were compared with species and numbers found in the concurrent duodenal mucosa sample. There was inconsistent correlation for number of CFU and minimal correlation for species of bacteria isolated from the 2 sites. Fewer bacterial CFU usually were isolated from the mucosa than from the concurrent fluid sample. When the same numeric criteria used for diagnosing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in samples of intestinal fluid (ie, > or = 10(5) bacterial or > or = 10(4) anaerobic CFU/ml) were used to interpret results of culturing duodenal mucosa, quantitations of bacterial CFU in duodenal mucosa was found to be a specific, but insensitive test.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Congenital diverticulum of the small intestine: Meckel's diverticulum or intestinal duplication?].

A congenital diverticulum of the small intestine is a condition with only a low morbidity and is generally a Meckel's diverticulum. There is, however, another congenital malformation, which can closely resemble a Meckel's diverticulum, but has another etiology, the tubular duplication of the small intestine. The authors point out the embryologic, anatomic and histological findings between these different but very similar malformations. It seems that the diagnosis of duplication is not often considered when finding a diverticulum of the small intestine and such a malformation is too easily called a Meckel's diverticulum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Prolonged decompression of the small intestine in the surgical treatment of acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis].

Prolonged decompression of the small intestine was used in the complex surgical treatment of 85 patients with acute ileus (67) and peritonitis (18). The main stage of the operation included liquidation of ileus and elimination of a source of peritonitis. Antegrade nasogastric intubation of the intestine was performed in 54 patients, via gastrostomy--in 3, retrograde intubation via cecostomy--in 15, via appendicostomy--in 4, via ileostomy--in 9. Performance of active transtubal sanation of the intestine by means of antiseptic solutions (53 cases) in combination with enterosorption (17) contributed to essential increase in the effectiveness of treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of the patterns of expression of rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein/human growth hormone fusion genes in cultured intestinal epithelial cell lines and in the gut epithelium of transgenic mice.

The intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (Fabpi) provides a good model system for studying how gene transcription is regulated in enterocytes as a function of their differentiation program and location along the duodenal-to-colonic axis. We have compared and contrasted the transcriptional activity of four fusion genes composed of elements from the 5'-nontranscribed domain of rat Fabpi linked to the human growth hormone gene (I-FABP/hGH) in transgenic mice and in five primate epithelial cell lines derived from intestine, liver, kidney, and cervix. Nucleotides -103 to +28 of rat Fabpi are able to direct appropriate lineage-specific and geographic patterns of hGH expression in transgenic mice. I-FABP-103 to +28/hGH is preferentially expressed in Caco-2 cells, which emulate some of the features of differentiated small intestinal enterocytes after they reach confluence. However, other I-FABP/hGH fusion genes that exhibit differentiation-dependent changes in their expression along the crypt-to-villus axis do not manifest the same pattern of differentiation-dependent change in activity in this cell line. Correlation of their patterns of expression in vivo and ex vivo suggest that nonproliferating Caco-2 cells mimic some of the features of the transcriptional regulatory environment of enterocytes located in the upper crypt. Nucleotides -103 to +28 of rat Fabpi contain one copy of a repeated 14-base pair element that is conserved in the orthologous mouse and human genes and represented in several other homologous and nonhomologous genes, which are expressed in villus-associated enterocytes. This element binds to two members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors produced in enterocytes and Caco-2 cells: hepatic nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4) and apolipoprotein regulatory protein-1 (ARP-1). Co-transfection studies performed in Caco-2 cells and in a monkey kidney cell line (CV-1) that lacks endogenous pools of ARP-1 and HNF-4 suggest that ARP-1 and HNF-4 can function to activate I-FABP-103 to +28/hGH+3 through their interactions with the 14-base pair element. This activation appears to be affected by elements located between nucleotides -277 and -104 and other transcription factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Yeasts isolated from the intestine of rainbow trout adhere to and grow in intestinal mucus.

The yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 7764 and Debaryomyces hansenii Hf1 (CBS 8339), isolated from the intestine of rainbow trout, were studied with respect to adhesion to and growth in fish intestinal mucus. The level of adhesion was dependent on the physiologic state of the yeast culture. Growing cells of both strains adhered more strongly than nongrowing cells. This correlates with a previously shown shift in cell surface hydrophobicity of these yeasts. In addition, forces other than hydrophobic interactions may participate, as all strains tested adhered more strongly to the membrane lipid phosphatidylserine than to phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Debaryomyces hansenii Hf1 also adhered to the most hydrophobic of the neutral lipids present in mucus, while no adhesion was observed to the other neutral lipids or to the hydrophilic silica gel, again suggesting hydrophobic interactions. Finally, the fish-isolated yeasts grew rapidly in isolated fish intestinal mucus as the sole source of energy and nutrients.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Intestinal stomas and internal splinting of the intestine in the combined treatment of peritonitis and ileus].

Personal experience with the operative management of 28 patients presenting acute purulent peritonitis with ensuing ileus using a complex approach, based on total "internal" splinting of the small intestine, is shared. The 4-channel sound, designed and constructed in the clinic for intubation and simultaneous lavage of the small intestine, promotes effective staged evacuation of the toxic content from the disconnected bowel segments. What is more, a possibility is created for the formation of controlled adhesions between the intestinal loops. The significant clinical effect of bowel intubation in conjunction with adequate peritoneal cavity lavage plus infusional therapy with antibiotics and antianaerobic agents contribute greatly to the prompt recovery of patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Studies on translocation of immunoglobulins across intestinal epithelium. II. Immunoelectron-microscopic localization of immunoglobulins and secretory component in human intestinal mucosa.

To define mechanisms involved in the transport of immunoglobulins into intestinal fluids, we localized IgM, IgA, IgG, and secretory component (SC) in human intestinal mucosa by the peroxidase-labeled antibody technique. At the light microscopic level, immunocytes containing IgA, IgM, or IgG were found in the lamina propria. IgA, IgM, and SC were prominent in the epithelium of gland crypts; IgG was limited to a few cells at tips of villi. At the electron-microscopic level, SC was localized to perinuclear spaces, endoplasmic reticulum, saccules associated with Golgi complexes, cytoplasmic vesicles, and lateral and basal plasma membranes of columnar epithelial cells. IgA and IgM, but not IgG, also were localized to plasma membranes and cytoplasmic vesicles of these cells. Neither the immunoglobulins nor SC was found within other types of epithelial cells (Paneth, goblet, endocrine). The findings provide evidence that (1) the site of SC synthesis in intestinal epithelium is secretory columnar cells, principally those in gland crypts; (2) the polymeric immunoglobulins IgM and IgA are translocated through such SC-containing cells by a process that involves formation of cytoplasmic vesicles; (3) IgM and IgA could combine with SC during transcellular transport (likely sites are lateral or basal plasma membranes or supranuclear cytoplasm); (4) the monomeric immunoglobulin IgG does not share the transepithelial cell route involved in IgM and IgA transport.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1990

Sulphomucin-secreting intestinal metaplasia in the human gastric mucosa. An association with intestinal-type gastric carcinoma.

Sixty-three gastrectomy specimens (21 with early intestinal type carcinoma, 21 with early diffuse carcinoma, and 21 with benign nonneoplastic lesions) were examined histochemically to determine the distribution of intestinal metaplasia (IM), particularly the sulphomucin-secreting type (Type IIB IM). The frequency and distribution of Type IIB IM were similar, irrespective of the disease, when age of the patient was matched and if the extension of the IM was similar. Type IIB IM was usually observed in the mucosa along the lesser curvature of the lower portion of the stomach, particularly in elderly patients and was mainly located in the deeper foveolae and intermingled with or transient to those in other types of IM. These findings suggest that a casual relationship between Type IIB IM and intestinal type carcinoma is dubious.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Fine structural study of interstitial cells associated with the deep muscular plexus of the rat small intestine, with special reference to the intestinal pacemaker cells.

Two types of interstitial cells have been demonstrated in close association in the deep muscular plexus of rat small intestine, by electron microscopy. Cells of the first type are characterized by a fibroblastic ultrastructure, i.e. a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and absence of the basal lamina. They form a few small gap junctions with the circular muscle cells and show close contact with axon terminals containing many synaptic vesicles. They may play a role in conducting electrical signals in the muscle tissue. Cells of the second type are characterized by many large gap junctions that interconnect with each other and with the circular muscle cells. Their cytoplasm is rich in cell organelles, including mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. They show some resemblance to the smooth muscle cells and have an incomplete basal lamina, caveolae and subsurface cisterns. However, they do not contain an organized contractile apparatus, although many intermediate filaments are present in their processes. They also show close contacts with axon terminals containing synaptic vesicles. These gap-junction-rich cells may be regular components of the intestinal tract and may be involved in the pacemaking activity of intestinal movement.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Chemical and histochemical studies of normal and diseased human gastrointestinal tract. II. A comparison between histologically normal small intestine and Crohn's disease of the small intestine.

Comparative chemical and histochemical studies were performed on formalin-fixed, surgical specimens of human small intestine from cases of Crohn's disease and normal controls. The sialic acids of the crude glycoproteins isolated from normal ileum were significantly less neuraminidase-susceptible and more C4 substituted (P less than 0.01) than those of the glycoproteins isolated either from normal upper small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) or from cases of Crohn's disease of the ileum. Fractionation yielded two major sialic acid-containing fractions, eluting from DEAE-cellulose with 0.2 M or 0.3 M sodium chloride. Both fractions contained fucose, galactose, glucosamine and galactosamine in addition to sialic acids both with and without O-acyl substituents at position C4 and/or in the side-chain (side-chain O-acylated sialic acids were also detected by histochemical procedures). The fractions differed significantly from one another with respect to the neuraminidase susceptibility of their sialic acids (P less than 0.01), the percentage of C4 (P less than 0.01) and side-chain substituted sialic acids (P less than 0.05), and the molar fucose-sialic acid ratio (P less than 0.05). The O-acyl substitution patterns of the sialic acids of both the 0.2 M and 0.3 M fractions of the upper small intestine glycoproteins differed significantly from those of the corresponding fractions from normal ileum, while the sialic acids of the 0.2 M fractions from Crohn's disease of the ileum differed significantly from normal with respect to neuraminidase susceptibility (P less than 0.01) and percentage C4 substitution (P less than 0.01); the 0.3 M fractions differed only in the percentage of sialic acids substituted at C4. The differences between the sialic acids from the normal and Crohn's disease specimens were shown to be independent of either the anatomical origin of the specimen or the histopathological sub-group of the Crohn's disease specimens; no significant differences were noted between the sub-groups but all the sub-groups differed from normal.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1979

Purification of human intestinal goblet cell antigen (GOA), its immunohistological demonstration in the intestine and in mucus producing gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.

Goblet cell antigen (GOA) was purified from gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. It was immunogenic and was used to produced antisera which stained goblet cells of the small and large intestine and of intestinalized gastric mucosa by indirect immunological methods. Various types of gastric and colonic cancer contained GOA. These findings demonstrate a histiogenic relationship between intestinal goblet cells, various gastrointestinal cancers and associated premalignant conditions.

Adenocarcinoma↗